届山西省大同市高三第一次联考英语试题含详细解析Word文档下载推荐.docx
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一、阅读理解
Lastyearmarkedthe100thanniversaryoftheendofWorldWarI.Therewereeventsaroundtheworldinmemoryofthosewhodiedintheconflict.WehavepickedoutthreeoftheminEuropeancountries.Let'
stakealook.
Belgium
Inapark,thefamousBelgianartistKoenVanmechelenhadanexhibitioncalledComingWorld,RememberMe.Theworkconsistedof600,000individual(个别的)claysculptures,oneforeachpersonkilledduringtheWorldWar.Inthecenteroftheexhibitionwasabigeggmadeofclay,symbolizinganewworld.
UK
InasmalltowncalledAldridge,almost100housesinonestreetwerecoveredwith24,000poppiesandstatuesofsoldiers.Theystoodforthemenfromtheareawhohadbeenkilledinthewar.TheflowerswerechosenbecauseofapoemwrittenbytheCanadiandoctorJohnMcCreain1915.Theymadepeoplethinkoffieldsofblood.
France
TheBritishartistGuyDenningarrivedinLaFeuille,asmalltowninthenorthwestofFrance,tosticklife-sizedrawingsofsoldierswhonevercamebackhome.Armedwithglueandabrush,Denningstuckhisdrawingscarefullyonwalls.Beforelong112men,mainlyyoungadults,werebroughtbacktomind,ifnottolife.
1.WhatdoweknowaboutComingWorld,RememberMe?
A.It'
sthenameofanexhibition.B.It'
safilmaboutWorldWarI.
C.It'
saworkstandingforpeace.D.It'
sasculpturemadeofclay.
2.Whywerepoppieschosentosymbolizethedeadsoldiers?
A.TheBritishpeoplepreferredthem.B.Theyshowedthecrueltyofwar.
C.ACanadiandoctorsuggestedthem.D.Thefieldswerefilledwiththem.
3.HowwastheendofWorldWarImarkedinFrance?
A.Amemorialtothedeadsoldierswasbuilt.
B.112woundedsoldiersinthewarwerehelped.
C.Drawingsofsomedeadsoldierswereputup.
D.Youngadultswereencouragedtojointhearmy.
Alongsideairandwater,foodisanecessityforhumanbeingstosurviveandthrive.Butit’salotmorethanthat.AsMarietteDichristinaofScientificAmericanwrote:
“Themostintimate(亲密的)relationshipwewilleverhaveisnotwithanyfellowhumanbeing.Instead,itisbetweenourbodiesandourfood.”
Nowadays,formostpeopleintheworld’swealthiestcountries,foodisahobby,anenthusiasm,andevensomethingfashionable.
TurnontheTVintheUS,UKorFrance,andyou’llfindatleastonechannelfeedingthispopularobsession.
Andmostofusknowatleastonepersonwhothinksofthemselvesasa“foodie”.It’salmostimpossiblenowadaystocheckoursocialmediaappswithoutatleasttwoorthreephotosofdeliciousmealsappearingonourscreen.
Butbehindthefancyrecipesandsocialmediabragging(夸耀),manyofusforgethowmuchwetakefoodforgranted.ThisiswhyWorldFoodDayisheldeachyear.
TakeKenyaforexample.ThiseastAfricannationhasbeensufferingterribledroughts.Theresultisthatpeoplearebeginningtostarve.Childreninparticulararesuffering,withsomeofthemevendying.
Thismayseemshockingtoknow,especiallyasmanyculturesoutsideofAfricathinkoffoodinacompletelydifferentway.ButevenintheUK,familiesonlowincomesareforcedtousefoodbanks—Europeanorganizationsthathandoutdonatedfoodtothosewhocan’taffordtopayforitthemselves.
SowhatcanwedoonWorldFoodDay?
Onegoodwaytospenditwouldbetofeelhumbleandappreciatewhatwehave.Afterall,foodisessentialforsurvival,butnoteveryoneisasluckyaswearewhenitcomestodinnertime.
4.AccordingtoMarietteDichristina,whathastheclosestrelationshipwithus?
A.Air.B.Water.
C.Food.D.Humanbeings.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“foodie”inParagraph4probablymean?
A.Deliciousfood.B.Apersonfondoffood.
C.Asocialmediaapp.D.Aphotoofdeliciousmeals.
6.Whocangethelpfromfoodbanks?
A.PoorpeopleintheUK.B.PoorpeopleinAfrica.
C.StarvingchildreninKenya.D.Peopleinthedrought-stricken.
7.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?
A.TreatFoodasaHobbyB.TimetoAppreciateFood
C.FoodShortageinSomeCountriesD.HowtoSpendWorldFoodDay
Traditionally,robotshavebeenhard,madeofmetalandotherrigidmaterial.ButateamofscientistsatHarvardUniversityintheUShasmanagedtobuildanentirelysoftrobot-onethatdrawsinspirationfromanoctopus(章鱼).
DescribedinsciencejournalNature,the“Octobot”couldpavethewayformoreeffectiveautonomousrobotsthatcouldbeusedinsearch,rescueandexploration.“TheOctobotisminimalsystemwhichmayserveasafoundationforanewgenerationofcompletelysoft,autonomousrobots”thestudy’sauthorswrote.
Robotsbuiltforprecise,repetitivemovementsinacontrolledenvironmentdon’tdosowellonroughterrains(地形)orinunpredictableconditions.Andtheyaren’tespeciallysafearoundhumans,becausethey’remadeoutofhardandheavypartsthatcouldbepotentiallydangeroustotheirusers.
Soresearchershavebeenworkingonbuildingsoftrobotsfordecades.They’retakeninspirationfromnature,lookingtoanimalsfromjellyfishtocockroaches,whichareoftenmadeupofmoreflexiblematter.
Butcreatingacompletelysoftrobotremainsachallenge.Evenifengineersbuildasilicone(硅酮)body,it’sstillagrandchallengetoconstructflexibleversionsofessentialparts,suchasasourceofpower.
“Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsearlystage,itholdsgreatpromiseforseveralapplications,suchassearch-rescueoperationsandexploration,”BarbaraMazzolaiandVirgilioMattolioftheItalianInstituteofTechnology’CenterforMicro-BioRobotics,wroteinacomment.“Softrobotsmightalsoopenupnewapproachestoimprovingwellnessandqualityoflife.”
8.What’sthespecialfeatureof“Octobot”?
A.It’ssoft.B.It’smadeofmetal.
C.It’sverysmall.D.Itlookslikeanoctopus.
9.What’sthedisadvantageoftraditionalrobots?
A.They’rehardtocontrol.B.They’retooheavytomove.
C.Theycan’tpredictconditions.D.Theycan’tbehavewellallthetime.
10.OneofthebiggestchallengesistobuildOctobot’s________.
A.siliconebodyB.complexcomponents
C.precisemovementsD.flexiblepowersource
11.What’sthepossibleapplicationof“Octobot”?
A.Medicalresearch.B.Liferescue.
C.Machineoperation.D.Housecleaning.
What’ssmall,buzzeshereandthereandvisitsflowers?
Ifyousaidbeesorhummingbirds,yougotit.Youwouldn’tbethefirstifyoumixedthetwoup.Nowagroupofresearchersevensayweshouldembraceourhistoryofconsideringthetwotogetherinthesamegroup.Thewayscientistsstudybeescouldhelpthemstudyhummingbirdbehavior,too.
Scientistsfirstcomparedthetwobackinthe1970swhenstudyinghowanimalssearchforfood.Theideaisthatanimalsuseakindofmathtomakechoicesinordertominimizetheworkittakestoearnmaximumrewards.Researchersatthetimefocusedonmovementrules,liketheorderinwhichtheyvisitedflowers,andwhereflowerswerelocatedrelativetoothers.Itwas“almostlikeanalgorithm(算法)”forefficientsearching,saidDavidPritchard,abiologistattheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotland.Hummingbirdsandbeeshadsimilarsolutions.
Asthefieldofanimalcognition(认知)appeared,hummingbirdandbeeresearchparted.Neuroscientistsandbehavioralecologistsdevelopedwaystostudybeebehaviorinnaturalisticsettings.Hummingbirdresearcherscomparedhummingbirdstootherbirdsandborrowedmethodsfrompsychologytostudytheirabilitytolearninthelab.Tobefair,hummingbirdsandbeesdiffer.Forexample,hummingbirdshavemoreadvancedeyesandbrainsthanbees.Honeybeesandbumblebeesaresocial;
hummingbirdstypicallyaren’t.
Buthowevertheyperceive(感知)orprocessinformation,theybothexperiencesimilarinformation,Dr.Pritchardsaid.Inday-to-daysearchingforfood,forexample,hummingbirdsmayrelyonmoreofabee’s-eyeviewthanabird’s-eyeview.Likeotherbirds,theyrelyonlandmarks,distancesanddirectionstomakemapswhentravellinglongdistances,buttheydon’tusethesecuestofindflowers.Moveaflowerjustaninchorsoawayfromwhereahummingbirdthoughtitwasanditwillhoverovertheflower’soriginallocation.Dr.Pritchardisinvestigatingif,likebees,hummingbirdsengageinviewmatching—hovering,scanningsnapshotsofaplacetoitsmemoryandusingthoseasreferenceslater.
12.Whatisthecenterofresearchonhummingbirdsandbeesinthe1970s?
A.Memory.
B.Movementrules.
C.Rewardcalculating.
D.Informationprocessing.
13.Whichsubject’sresearchmethodswereadoptedtostudythelearningabilityofHummingbirds?
A.Math.
B.Biology.
C.Ecology.
D.Psychology.
14.Howdoresearchersfindoutthathummingbirdsarenotlikebirds?
A.Bysettingthemfree.
B.Bymovingflowers.
C.Bymatchingview.
D.Bymakingmaps.
15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.HummingbirdsandBees
B.HummingbirdsintheLab
C.NewTrendsinStudyingBees
D.ThinkingofHummingbirdsasBees
二、完形填空
Inoneofmycollegeclasses,wewererequiredtodoanactofkindness.Myprojectincluded16lunchforanelderlyperson.WhenI17theelderlypersonwiththefoodIcooked,itnever18tomethatitwouldresultinanewfriendshipandthediscoveryofa19.
ThepersonIvisitedwasBill,whowasunableto20much.Anursecameregularlytohelphimmovetoandfromthewheelchairbecausehehasno21.Billsaidhewasdelightedtoseemeanditwasa22forhimtoeatamealwithmebecauseheusuallyeats23.Hesaidthefoodwasgreat,butheenjoyedhaving24evenmorethanthefood.
Billhadhada25lifewhe