西安正大宾馆框架结构英语翻译Word格式文档下载.docx
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Inrecentyears,thetrafficcapitalconstructionofourprovincegetsswiftandviolentdevelopment,allpartshavebuiltalargenumberofconcretebridges.Inthecourseofbuildingandusinginthebridge,relevanttoinfluenceprojectqualityleadofcommonoccurrencereportthatbridgecollapseevenbecausethecrackappearsTheconcretecanbesaidto"
oftenhaveillnesscomingon"
whilefracturingand"
frequently-occurringdisease"
oftenperplexbridgeengineersandtechnicians.Infact,iftakecertaindesignandconstructionmeasure,alotofcrackscanbeovercomeandcontrolled.Forstrengthenunderstandingofconcretebridgecrackfurther,isitpreventprojectfromendangerlargercracktotryone'
sbest,thistextmakeanmoreoverallanalysis,summarytoconcretekindandreasonofproduction,bridgeofcrackasmuchaspossible,inordertodesign,constructandfindoutthefeasiblemethodwhichcontrolthecrack,gettheresultoftakingprecautionsagainstYuWeiRan.
Concretebridgecrackkind,origincauseofformationInfact,theorigincauseofformationoftheconcretestructurecrackiscomplicatedandvarious,evenmanykindsoffactorsinfluenceeachother,buteverycrackhasitsoneorseveralkindsofmainreasonsproduced.Thekindoftheconcretebridgecrack,onitsreasontoproduce,canroughlydivideseveralkindsasfollows:
(1)loadthecrackcausedConcreteinroutinequiet.
Isitloadtomoveandcrackthatproduceclaimtoloadthecrackunderthetimesofstressbridge,summinguphasdirectstresscracks,twokindsstresscrackoncesmainly.Directstresscrackrefertooutsideloaddirectcrackthatstressproducethatcause.Thereasonwhythecrackproducesisasfollows,1,Designthestageofcalculating,doesnotcalculateorleaksandcalculatespartlywhilecalculatinginstructure;
Calculatethemodelisunreasonable;
Thestructureissupposedandaccordedwithbystrengthactuallybystrength;
Loadandcalculateorleakandcalculatefew;
Internalforceandmatchingthemistakeincomputationofmuscle;
Safetycoefficientofstructureisnotenough.Donotconsiderthepossibilitythatconstructatthetimeofthestructuraldesign;
Itisinsufficienttodesignthesection;
Itissimplylittleandassigningthemistakeforreinforcingbartosetup;
Structurerigidityisinsufficient;
Constructanddealwithimproperly;
Thedesigndrawingcannotbeexplainedclearlyetc..2,Constructionstage,doesnotpileupandconstructthemachines,materiallimiting;
Isitprefabricatestructurestructurereceivestrengthcharacteristic,standup,isithang,transport,installtogetupatwilltounderstand;
Constructnotaccordingtothedesigndrawing,altertheconstructionorderofthestructurewithoutauthorization,changethestructureandreceivethestrengthmode;
Donotdothetiredintensitycheckingcomputationsundermachinevibrationandwaittothestructure.3,Usingstage,theheavy-dutyvehiclewhichgoesbeyondthedesignloadpassesthebridge;
Receivethecontact,strikingofthevehicle,shipping;
Strongwind,heavysnow,earthquakehappen,explodeetc..Stresscrackoncemeansthestressofsecondarycausedbyloadingoutsideproducesthecrack.Thereasonwhythecrackproducesisasfollows,1,Indesignoutsideloadfunction,becauseactualworkingstateandroutine,structureofthingcalculatehavediscrepancyorisitconsidertocalculate,thuscausestressoncetocausethestructuretofractureinsomeposition.Twoisitjoinbridgearchfootisitisitassign"
X"
shapereinforcingbar,cutdownthisplaceway,sectionofsizedesignandcutwithscissorsatthesametimetoadoptoftentodesigntocutwithscissors,theorycalculateplacethiscanstorecurvedsquarein,butrealityshouldisitcanresistcurvedstilltocutwithscissors,sothatpresentthecrackandcausethereinforcingbarcorrosion.2,Bridgestructureisitdigtrough,turnonhole,setupoxleg,etc.toneedoften,difficulttouseaaccurateonediagrammatictoisitisitcalculatetoimitatetogoonincalculatinginroutine,setupandreceivethestrengthreinforcingbaringeneralfoundationexperience.Studieshaveshown,afterbeingdugtheholebythestrengthcomponent,itwillproducethediffractionphenomenonthatstrengthflows,intensiveneartheholeinautensil,producedtheenormousstresstoconcentrate.Inlongtostepprestressingforceofthecontinuousroofbeam,oftenblockthesteelbunchaccordingtotheneedsofsectioninternalforceinstepping,setuptheanchorhead,butcanoftenseethecrackintheanchorfirmsectionadjacentplace.Soifdealwithimproper,incornerorcomponentformsuddenchangeoffice,blockplacetobeeasytoappearcrackstrengthreinforcingbarofstructurethe.Intheactualproject,stresscrackonceproducedthemostcommonreasonwhichloadsthecrack.Stresscrackoncebelongtoonemorepieceofnatureofdrawing,splittingoff,shearing.Stresscrackonceisloadedandcaused,onlyseldomcalculateaccordingtotheroutinetoo,butwithmoderntocalculateconstantperfectionofmeans,timesofstresscracktocanaccomplishreasonablecheckingcomputationstoo.Forexampletosuchstresses2timesofproducingasprestressingforce,creeping,etc.,department'
sfiniteelementprocedurecalculateslevelspolecorrectlynow,butmoredifficult40yearsago.
Inthedesign,shouldpayattentiontoavoidingstructuresuddenchange(orsectionsuddenchange),whenitisunabletoavoid,shoulddopartdealwith,cornerforinstance,makeroundhorn,suddenchangeofficemakeintothegradationzonetransition,isitisitmixmuscletoconstructtostrengthenatthesametime,cornermixagainobliquetoreinforcingbar,astolargeholeinautensilcansetupprotectingintheperimeteratthetermsofhavinganglesteel.Loadthecrackcharacteristicinaccordancewithloadingdifferentlyandpresentingdifferentcharacteristicsdifferently.Thecrackappearpersonwhodrawmore,thecuttingareaortheseriouspositionofvibration.Mustpointout,isitgetupcoverorhavealongkeepintoshortcrackofdirectiontoappearpersonwhopress,oftenthestructurereachesthesignofbearingtheweightofstrengthlimit,itisanomenthatthestructureisdestroyed,itsreasonisoftenthatsectionalsizeispartialandsmall.Receivethestrengthwaydifferentlyaccordingtothestructure,thecrackcharacteristicproducedisasfollows:
1,Thecentreisdrawn.Thecrackrunsthroughthecomponentcrosssection,theintervalisequalonthewhole,andisperpendiculartoreceivingthestrengthdirection.Whileadoptingthewhorlreinforcingbar,lieinthesecond-classcracknearthereinforcingbarbetweenthecracks.2,Thecentreispressed.Itisparallelontheshortanddenseparallelcrackwhichreceivethestrengthdirectiontoappearalongthecomponent.3,Receivecurved.Mostnearthelargesectionfromborderisitappearanddrawintodirectionverticalcracktobeginpersonwhodrawcurvedsquare,anddeveloptowardneutralizationaxlegradually.Whileadoptingthewhorlreinforcingbar,canseeshortersecond-classcrackamongthecracks.Whenthestructurematchesmusclesless,therearefewbutwidecracks,fragilitydestructionmaytakeplaceinthestructure4,Pressedbigandpartial.Heavytopressandmixpersonwhodrawmusclealessonelighttopigeonholeintothecomponentwhilebeingpartialwhilebeingpartial,similartoreceivingthecurvedcomponent.5,Pressedsmallandpartial.Smalltopressandmixpersonwhodrawmuscleamoreoneheavytopigeonholeintothecomponentwhilebeingpartialwhilebeingpartial,similartothecentreandpressedthecomponent.6,Cut.Pressobliqulywhenthehoopmuscleistoodenseanddestroy,theobliquecrackwhichisgreaterthan45?
?
directionappearsalongthebellyofroofbeamend;
Isitisitisitdestroytopresstocuttohappenwhenthehoopmuscleisproper,underpartisitinvite45?
directionparallelobliquecrackeachothertoappearalongroofbeamend.7,Sprained.Componentonesidebellyappearmanydirectionobliquecrack,45?
oftreaty,first,andtolaunchwithspiraldirectionbeingadjoint.8,Washedandcut.4sideisitinvite45?
directioninclinedplanedrawandsplittotakeplacealongcolumncapboard,formthetangentplaneofwashing.9,Someandispressed.Sometoappearpersonwhopressdirectionroughlyparallellargeshortcrackswithpressure.
(2)crackcausedintemperaturechange
Theconcretehasnatureofexpandingwithheatandcontractwithcold,lookonastheexternalenvironmentconditionorthestructuretemperaturechanges,concretetakeplaceoutofshape,ifoutofshapetorestrainfrom,producethestressinthestructure,producethetemperaturecrackpromptlywhenexceedingconcretetensilestrengthinstress.Insomebeingheavytostepfoot-pathamongthebridge,temperaturestresscanisitgobeyondlivingyearstresseventoreach.Thetemperaturecrackdistinguishesthemaincharacteristicofothercrackswillbevariedwithtemperatureandexpandedorclosedup.Themainfactorisasfollows,tocausetemperatureandchange1,Annualdifferenceintemperature.Temperatureischangingconstantlyinfourseasonsinoneyear,butchangerelativelyslowly,theimpactonstructureofthebridgeismainlytheverticaldisplacementwhichcausesthebridge,canpropupseatmoveorsetupflexiblemound,etc.nottoconstructmeasurecoordinate,throughbridgefloorexpansionjointgenerally,cancausetemperaturecrackonlywhenthedisplacementofthestructureislimited,forexamplearchedbridge,justbridgeetc.