现在完成时态和过去进行时Word文件下载.docx
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Ihavelivedheresince1998.
●注:
瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与forsince连用。
要改变动词
come/arrive/reach/getto-----bein
goout----beout
finish----beover
open----beopen
die----bedead
………………
★1.have代替buy
Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow
Ihavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.
★3、用be替代become
Howlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?
★4、用haveacold代替catchacold
Tomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.
★5、用wear代替puton
b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall(get)ill
3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep
5、be+awake代wake/wakeup6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be+open代open8、beclosed代close/shut
9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1“be+on”代start,begin
2“be+up”代getup
3“be+back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto
4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等
d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo
2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy
3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:
1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/movedtosw.
→havebeeninsw./at…相应的介词
2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback
3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout
4.havebecome→havebeen
5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclose/open
6.havegotup→havebeenup;
7.havedied→havebeendead;
8.haveleftsw.→havebeenawayfromsw.
9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep;
10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover;
11.havemarried→havebeenmarried;
12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.;
13.havebegun→havebeenon
14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had
15.havelost→haven’thad
16.haveputon→haveworn
17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold;
18.havegottoknow→haveknown
19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy
→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…
注意:
1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
如already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately等:
Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.
Ihaven'
tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).
Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.
Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?
3.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:
HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing
IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.
Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.
Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.
4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如now,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,just,today,uptopresent,sofar等:
Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.
Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.
TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.
Thefriendlyrelationsandcooperationbetweenourtwocountrieshavebeenenhancedinthepastfewyears.
Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.
5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.
6.现在完成时的"
完成用法"
现在完成时的"
指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如:
Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把灯关了。
(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)
现在完成时"
的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:
already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:
never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:
thismorning/month/year...,today等)连用。
Haveyoufoundyourpenyet?
你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
7.现在完成时的"
未完成用法"
指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
Hehaslivedheresince1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。
Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:
uptonow,sofar)等。
Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
如:
come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
8.一段时间+haspassed+since从句
9.现在完成时常和短语"
uptonow/tillnow"
"
sofar"
(意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)
Upto/tillnowhe'
sreadmanystorybooks.至今他已读过好多故事书。
I'
vebeentoNewYorkthreetimessofar.至今我已到纽约去过三次。
10hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的区别
gone:
去了没回
beento:
去过
beenin:
呆了很久
现在完成时练习题
一、翻译下列句子:
1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?
2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。
、
4.他已经吃过午饭了。
5.你已经看过这部电影了吗?
6.我哥哥还没回来。
7.我上星期看过这部电影。
8.在1992年他住在这里。
9.这本字典我已买了三年了
。
10.他离开中国三年了。
二、
一)用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。
A:
Where____________LiFei___________?
B:
He____________toHainanIsland.
Howlong___________he___________there?
He_____________thereforthreedays.
Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?
I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.
CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?
Sorry,I_________never___________there.
Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?
He_____________thereonlyonce.
二)用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各种形式填空。
1)WhereisJack?
He__________hiscountry.
2)John_______Englandsincehecameback.
3)Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?
4)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.
5)_____youever____America?
--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.
6)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.
三)选择填空
()1.Jim'
sbeentotheGreatwallbefore,?
(A)isn'
t(B)wasn'
t(C)hasn'
t(D)doesn'
t
()2.She'
sneverbeentoEngland,she?
(A)has(B)hasn'
t(C)isn'
t(D)is
()2.___________hasHanmeibeeninthelibrary.
(A)Howlong(B)Howsoon(C)Howfar(D)Howoften
()3.Howlong___he___thelibrarybook.
(A)has,borrow(B)has,kept(C)has,bought(D)did,buy
()4.MrGreenisn'
tintheoffice,Hetothelibrary
(A)hasgone(B)went(C)hasbeen(D)willgo
()5.MrsmithtoTokyoandhewillbebackinaweek
(A)hasbeen(B)hasvisited(C)hassent(D)hasgone
()6.They_Chinafortwoyears
(A)havebeento(B)havebeenin
(c)havegoneto(D)havecometo
[Exercises10]A)按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.
→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere
1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
1
2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.
I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.
3)Iwenthomeyesterday.
I________________________homefor___________________.
4)Theycameherelastweek.
They__________________heresince___________________.
②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout
1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.
We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.
③become→be
1)Ibecameateacherin2000.
I__________________ateacherfor__________________.
2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.
Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.
④close→beclosedopen→beopen
1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.
Theshop__________________________for__________________.
2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.
Thedoor________________________forsixhours.
⑤getup→beupdie→bedead
leavesw.→beawayfromsw.
fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep
finish/end→beovermarry→bemarried
1)Igotuptwohoursago.
I________________________since________________.
2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.
Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.
4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.
Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.
I__________________________since___________________.
6)Theymarriedin1990.
They___________________________since_________.
⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon
1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.
I________atthisschoolsince____.
2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm____________for________.
2
⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputon→wearcatch/getacold→haveacoldgettoknow→know
1)Theyborroweditlastweek.
They__________________itsince____________________.
2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.
I___________________himsince____________________.
4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.
I____________________myglassesfor__________________.
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
1)HehasgonetoBeijing.
He_____________Beijingfortwodays.
⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy
→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier
→beamemberoftheleague/theParty
→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy
1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.
He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.
He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.
He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.
2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.
Mybrother______