高二英语 unit 11 scientific achievement 同步测试Word格式文档下载.docx

高二英语 unit 11 scientific achievement 同步测试Word格式文档下载.docx

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4．Itisthoughtthatoversleephadabadonone’shealth.

A．effortB．effectC．benefitD．disadvantage

5．WeChinesepeoplearedoingasmuchaswecantobuildamoderncountrywithChinese.

A．characterB．natureC．colorsD．characteristics

6．—Whatmakesthemgetalongsowell?

—Havingsomanythings.Theyalmostcanagreeoneverything.

A．inallB．incommonC．intotalD．inpart

7．isknowntousall,onlythetheorypracticecanbepractical.

A．Which;

baseonB．Which;

basedon

C．As;

basedonD．As;

basingon

8．Afterhearinghisexplanation,hisfamilysupportedhimhisdecision.

A．inB．byC．withD．against

9．Tom’snewbookdifficultpointsinthestudyofEnglish.

A．goeswithB．fitswithC．dealswithD．doeswith

10．Theprofessoranumberofstudentsdoingexperimentsinchemistryinthelabatthattime.

A．and；

wasB．with；

were

C．togetherwith；

wasD．alongwith；

were

11．Rainisinallpartsofthecountrytoday,theweatherreportsays.

A．probableB．possibleC．likelyD．perhaps

12．Weastherepresentativeofthecommittee.

A．puthimforwardB．putforwardC．puthimoutD．puthimoff

13．Hestudiedhard,theexam.

A．aimedatB．aimingatpassing

C．aimingpassingD．aimedtopassing

14．Thecontinuousraintheharvestingofthewheatbytwoweeks.

A．setbackB．setoffC．setoutD．setaside

15．Youcan’trelyonparentsthemoney.

A．tolendyouB．tolendingyouC．lendyouD．lendingyou

Ⅱ．完形填空（共20小题；

每小题1.5分，满分30分）

Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdie,butpeoplenowlivelongerthantheyusedto.Yet,all16thingsstillshowtheeffectofaging,whichwilleventually17death,thebodyandthe18theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey19childhoodandadolescence（青春期）.Thebodyprovidesless20againstdiseaseandismoreprone（易于……的）21accident.

Anumberofrelatedcausesmay22toaging.Somecellsofthebodyhavea23longlife,buttheyarenot24whentheydie.Asapersonages,25ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecreases.Otherbodycellsdidandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe26cellsmaynotbeasviable（能生存的）orascapable27growthasthoseofayoungperson.

Anotherfactorinagingmaybechangeswithinthecells28.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincells29knowntochange30ageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesandhangsloose.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeopleshrinkin31.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.Somecomplexcellchemicals，32DNAandRNAstoreand33informationthatthecellsneed.Agingmay34thisprocessandchangetheinformationcarryingmolecules35theydonottransmittheinformationaswell.

16．A.livingB.aliveC.livelyD.lovely

17．A.resultinB.resultfromC.endinD.conclude

18．A.handsB.brainsC.organsD.legs

19．A.madeB.didC.grewD.had

20．A.preventionB.protectionC.strengthD.vitamin

21．A.ofB.toC.withD.at

22．A.contributeB.compareC.strengthD.bedrown

23．A.fairlyB.muchC.fairD.fare

24．A.repeatedB.repliedC.replacedD.rearranged

25．A.theamountB.anyamountC.thenumberD.anumber

26．A.remainingB.otherC.oldD.new

27．A.ofB.toC.withD.for

28．A.themselvesB.itselfC.bythemselvesD.ofthemselves

29．A.isB.areC.wasD.were

30．A.withB.withinC.forD.on

31．A.heightB.highC.heightenD.higher

32．A.assuchB.asthatC.asthoughD.suchas

33．A.passonB.passbyC.passintoD.passoff

34．A.cancelB.affectC.influenceD.damage

35．A.sothatB.providingthatC.incaseD.if

Ⅲ．阅读理解（共20小题；

每小题2分，满分40分）

A

Sometimeearlyinthenextcentury,humanbeingswillmovetoMars.Theywilllivethereforaboutayear,andthenwillbereplacedwithanothergroupofpioneers.BuildingthebaseonMarswilladvanceourknowledgeofthesolarsystemandaidinourunderstandingoftheearth.

WealreadyknowthatMarsresemblestheearthinmanyaspects:

generalsize,presenceofwater,lengthofday,rangeoftemperatures.Theseresemblanceshavecausedmanypeopletoconsideracenturies-longproject:

toterraformMars.Terraformingmeansalteringaplanet’ssurfacesothatEarth’slifeformscansurvivethere.Thisconcept,previouslyfoundonlyinsciencefictionisnowbeingseriouslyconsideredbyscientists.

TerraformingMarsistheoreticallysimple:

addnitrogenandoxygentotheatmosphere;

pumpwatertothesurface;

andaddtheearth’splantsandanimalsintheorderinwhichtheydevelopedonEarth.Butitwilltakeatleast300years.

Somepeoplethinkthatsuchaprojectistoohugeforhumanstoundertake,butthereareverygoodreasonstomaketheattempt.Theearthnowcontainssome6billonpeople,andnoonehasanyideaofhowmanyhumanstheearthcansupport.Ourveryexistenceandnumbersarethreateningmanyotherspecies.Wealsohavehadsomeexperiencewithterraformingourownplanet:

alteringthelandscape,theatmosphereandtheclimate.Currentlyterraformingearthhasbecomeawiseractivityaswetrytocontrolglobalwarmingairandwaterpollution,andpreservesomenaturallivingplaces.

Whilethepossibilityofsuchaprojectissmall,itisnotimpossible.Evenifearth-boundsocietiescomeandgointhenext300years,theprojectcancontinuethroughtheworkoftheMarssettlerswithouttheneedforconstantbackingfromtheearth.

ThefutureexistenceofallthepeopleinourworldmayverywelldependuponourabilitytoterraformMars.

36．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A．TerraformingMars.B．SavingtheEarth.

C．TravellingtoMars.D．ANewly-foundPlace.

37．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altering”meaninthesecondparagraph?

A．Warming.B．Changing.C．Planting.D．Building.

38．ThemainreasonforcausingmanypeopletoconsiderterraformingMarsisthat.

A．therearesomeresemblancesbetweenEarthandMars

B．terraformingMarsistheoreticallysimple

C．wehavehadsomeexperiencewithterraformingourownplanet:

Earth

D．thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyisveryrapid

39．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproject?

A．Optimistic.B．Negative.C．Sceptical.D．Objective.

B

Thehighnoiseofmodernlifemayaffectspeechandlanguagedevelopmentintheveryyoung,accordingtoastudythatfoundtheauditory（听觉的）partsofthebrainsofyoungmiceareslowertoorganizeproperlyinthepresenceofcontinuoussounds.

ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,rearedagroupofratsinanenvironmentofcontinuousbackgroundnoiseandfoundthattheirbraincircuitsthatreceiveandinterpret（解释）sounddidnotdevelopatthesamerateasanimalsthatwereraisedinaquieterenvironment.

EdwardF.ChangandMichaelMerzenich,co-authorsofthestudyappearinginthejournalScience,saidthatthecontinuousnoisedelayedtheorganizationofauditoryneurons（神经细胞）duringacriticaltwotothreeweekperiodaftertheratpupswereborn.

Forratsnotexposedtothenoise,theauditorycortex（皮层）neuronsduringthisperiodgatheredintoasmallerareaandbegandevelopingaselectiveresponsetosounds.

Butforthenoise-exposedrats,thisorganizationwasslowed,causingadelayinthedevelopmentoftheabilitytodiscriminate（辨别）specificsoundtones,theresearcherssaidittookthreetofourtimeslongerfortheratsraisedinanoisyenvironmenttoreachthebasicbenchmarks（基准）ofauditorydevelopmentseenintheratpupsnotexposedtonoises.

Althoughtheratisnotaperfectmodelforwhathappensinhumans,theauthorsnote,thestudydoessuggestthathighlevelsofnoisemightpossiblyaffectsomelanguagelearninginbabies.

‘Thesefindingssuggestthatenvironmentalnoise,whichiscommonlypresentincontemporarychild-rearingenvironments,canpotentiallycontributetoauditoryandlanguage---relateddevelopmentdelays,’theauthorswroteinScience.

Theauthorsnotedthatalthoughthebraindevelopmentwasdelayedinratsexposedtothenoise,theirbrainsdideventuallymature（成熟）normally.

40．ThescientistatCaliforniaUniversitystudiedrats__________.

A．ofdifferentagegroupsB．withdifferenthabits

C．indifferentenvironmentsD．fromdifferentareas

41．Theratsexposedtonoise,comparedtothosenotexposed,__________.

A．weremoresensitiveB．wereduller

C．grewupmoreslowlyD．gatheredtogethermorequickly

42．Theresultoftheresearchmainlytellsusthatnoise___________.

A．delaysbraindevelopmentB．stopsbabygrowth

C．affectsspeechandlanguageD．destroysbrains

43．Thefindingsoftheresearcharesaidtohavespecialconnectionswith__________.

A．causesofnoisesB．medicalscience

C．otherlivingthingsD．humanbabies

C

WASHNGTON（Reuters）—Itwas20yearsagothatScottFahlmantaughttheNethowtosmile.

TheIBMresearcherhasdevotedhisprofessionallifetoartificialintelligence,thepracticeofteachingcomputershowtothinklikehumans.ButthebeardedscientistisperhapsbestknownforaflashofinspirationthathelpedtodefineInternetculture.

Bytheearly1980’stheComputerSciencegroupatCarnegieMellonwasmakingheavyuseofonlinebulletinboardsor“bboards”.Agoodmanyofthepostswerehumorous.Theproblemwasthatifsomeonemadeahumorousremark,