非谓语动词Word格式文档下载.docx
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被动
一般式
Todo
Tobedone
完成式
Tohavedone
Tohavebeendone
进行式
Tobedoing
/
完成进行式
Tohavebeendoing
g
Ihelpedtorepairthecar.Ihopetoseeyousoon.
I’msorrynottohavecomelastweekend.Heseemstohavefinishedhiswork.
It’snicetobelyingonthebeachnow.Theyappeartobetryingtoescape.
Heissaidtohavebeenworkingthereformorethantwentyyears.
语法上的强制要求不带to的动词不定式
1)作使役动词let,have,make宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to
2)作感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to
3)Why(not)+不带to的动词不定式
4)Hadbetter+不带to的动词不定式
5)Wouldrather+不带to的动词不定式
6),cannotbut/cannothelpbut+不带to的动词不定式
1),Soontheysawtheboy________inthecrowd.
A,disappearB,todisappearC,disappearsD,disappeared
2),WhenJanefelloffthebike,theotherchildren______.
A,werenotabletohelplaughterB,couldnothelpbutlaughing
C,couldnothelplaughingD,couldnothelptolaugh
动词不定式to后的内容省略
动词不定式to替代承前的内容,多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语,宾补,主补的不定式再次出现时候,to后的内容省略(只保留to则可),如果承前省略的不定式的内容是be或have的任何形式,后保留原形be或have。
1).-Didtheytellyouthefinaldecisionofthecommittee?
-No,theydidn’t,butIthinkIoughtto_______.
A./B,beC.haveD.havebeen
2).-Areyouacollegestudent?
-No,butIwantto______.
A.beB.doC.haveD.bea
3).-Ididn’ttellhimthenews.
-Oh,yououghtto_______.
A.beB.doC.haveD.havebeen
4).–Couldyougoshoppingwithme?
-_________.
A.I’mgladtoB.I’mgladC.No.I’mnotD.Yes.I’m
1,不定式作主语
不定式做主语时,通常表示一个具体的,特定的行为,其谓语动词要用单数第三人称。
如果主语较长,往往在句首用it作形式主语,以避免头重脚轻,保持句子结构的平衡。
1).Itismyhonor______heretospendsometimewithyou.
A.tobeinvitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.toinvite
2).Itisbettertoloseone’slifethan_______.
A.ifyouloseyourspiritB.losinghisspirit
C.toloseone’sspiritD.yourspiritgettinglost
2,不定式作表语
不定式可作表语,通常说明或解释主语的内容。
1).Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.
A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.tonotmake
2)Itremains______whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinish.
A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee
3).Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing...butweseem______theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.
A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost
3,不定式作宾语
下列动词只能用不定式做宾语
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
Decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;
refuse,manage,care,pretend;
offer,choose,plan;
agree,ask/beg,help
如果用作宾语的不定式短语较长,而其后又有宾语补语是,常在宾语的位置上用it作形式宾语,而把作宾语的不定式后移。
Ifounditdifficulttounderstandhim.
1).Idon’twant______likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.
A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded
2).Tompretended_______it,butinfact,heknewitverywell.
A.notlistentoB.nottohearabout
C.nottohaveheardaboutD.nottolisten
4,不定式做宾补
1),常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词和动词短语。
Beg,ask,want,expect,wish,intend;
advise,persuade,encourage,forbid,allow,permit,remind,order,teach,get,warn,require,callon,counton,relyon,dependon,longfor,waitfor
1).Wecan’tcountonamanlikeJim_____usthenecessaryhelp.
A,togiveB,givingC,tobegivenD,given
2).Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A,toeatnotB,eatingnotC,nottoeatD,noteating
3).Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A,tohavestudiedB,tostudyC,tobestudyingD,tohavebeenstudying
4).Passengersarepermitted______onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.
A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried
5).Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues______withherstories.
A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused
2).当宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系是,需要用不带to的不定式和现在分词的一般主动式,不带to的不定式表完成,现在分词一般主动式表正在进行。
当宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时,需要用过去分词和现在分词一般被动式,过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性,现在分词一般被动式表正在进行。
常见动词为:
吾看三室两厅一感觉see,observe,notice,watch,lookat;
make,let,have;
hear,listento;
feel,在主动语态中不定式省去to.
1),Myparentshavealwaysmademe______aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.
A,feelingwellB,feelinggoodC,feelwellD,feelgood
2),Themissingboyswerelastseen______onthebankoftheriver.
A,playingB,playC,toplayD,beingplay
3),Thepilotfeltsomething______wrongwiththeenginejustbeforetheplanetookoff.
A,goB,goneC,wasgoingD,togo
4),Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A,tohavestudiedB,tostudyC,tobestudyingD,havingstudied
5).ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable______.
A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold
6).Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier______intosmallpieces.
A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak
7).Inmanypeople'
sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant_______.
A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith
8).ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_______.
A.tobebreatheB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed
5,不定式作定语
不定式用作定语,修饰名词时,一般都紧跟在被修饰的名词之后,作后置定语。
被修饰的名词与用作定语的不定式之间可能是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
如果句中主语为不定式动作的执行者,一般不用动词不定式的被动语态。
不定式作定语时所表示的动作一般是发生在谓语动词所表示的时间之后。
而现在分词作定语时,它所表示的动作一般是与谓语动作所表示的动作同时发生的,强调正在进行中。
过去分词用作定语时,它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.
Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay?
用不定式作定语的几种情况:
1),名词前有特定的定语,如序数词first,second,形容词最高级,或last,next,only,any,no,all
2)一些名词如chance,effort,evident,means,measure,reason,right,time等,从含义上看,它们与行为或活动有密切的关系,因此常需要有一个动词不定式来修饰,充实或说明它们的内容。
Youhavenorighttospeak.
Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.
3),一些要求不定式作宾语的动词转化成名词后,仍可带一个不定式作定语。
如agreement,attempt,decision,promise,refusal,wish,plan
Shehasagreatwishtotravelaroundtheworld.
1)._Thelastone______paysthemeal.
_Agreed!
A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving
2).Mostoftheartists_______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
3).Hisfirstbook_____nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished
4).Thebuilding______nowisourlibrary.
A.toberepairedB.repaired
C.beingrepairedD.repairing
5).TheOlympicGames,_______in776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayeruntil1912.
A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying
6).-Howaboutmoviestonight?
-I’msorrybutIhavetoomuchhomework_______.
A.tobedoneB.doneC.todoD.do
7)Ihaven’tgotachair_______.
A.tositB.fortositonC.tositonD.forsitting
8).Theability________anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.
A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed
9).Ihavealotofreadings______beforetheendofthisterm.
A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted
10)Wewereinvitedtoaparty_____inourclubnextFriday.
A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding
11).Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney______inthelibrary.
A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered
6,不定式用作状语
1)不定式用作目的状语,其动作通常迟欲谓语动词的动作。
常加上inorder或soas,以突出或强调目的的含意。
Manypeoplehavetowearglassesinordertoseedistantobjectsclear.
1),Whichdoyouenjoy_______yourholiday,goingabroadorstayingathouse?
A,spendingB,tospreadC,beingspentD,spend
2),_Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?
-________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.
A,GetB,GettingC,TogetD,Tobegetting
3.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_____presentsformydad.
A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought
4.Thechildrenallturned______thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.
A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat
5.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation______informationinamoreeffectiveway.
A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent
6.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced_______people'
sconcernoverfoodsafety.
A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised
2)不定式用作原因状语
1),Ifeelgreatlyhonored_______intotheirsociety.
A,towelcomeB,welcomingC,tobewelcomeD,welcomed
2).Wewereastonished______thetemplestillinitsoriginalsituation.
A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound
3),不定式用作结果状语。
常用下列结构。
结构
中文含义
Only/justtodo
表示出乎意料的结果
Too+adj./adv.+todo
太……以致不能…(但如果too前有all,but,not,only等修饰时,意思是非常,很,其后不定式不含有否定意义,不表示结果).
So+adj./adv.+astodo
Such+adj.+n.+astodo
如此……以致
n./adj./adv.+enough+to+doenough+n.+todo
足够……..
用不定式作结果状语常常表示出乎意料的结果,逻辑主语依然是主句的主语
用现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果,此外,充当结果状语的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语,而是句子的整个内容或部分内容。
1),MyEnglishteacher’shumorwas_______makeeverystudentburstintolaughter.
A,soastoB,suchastoC,suchthatD,sothat
2),----Wouldyouliketogotomybirthdayparty?
----Yes,Iamonly______pleasedtoacceptyourkindinvitation.
A,ratherB,veryC,tooD,much
3),Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough_____bungeejumping?
A,tryingB,intryingC,totryD,andtry
4),Hehurriedtothestation,only_____thetrainhadleft.
A,findingB,foundC,tofindD,find
5),OnedayIwentshoppingandcameback______myfrontwheelwasmissing.
A,havingfoundB,tofindC,foundD,tobefinding
6),Abombexplodedatthehotelyesterday,_______sevenpeople.
A,killB,tokillC,killingD,killed
7),Lily’smobile