非谓语动词详解Word格式.docx
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置于所
修饰词之前。
注意:
英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。
我们初中阶段常见的有:
finish,
mind,
be
worth,
busy,
practice,
have
fun,
trouble/problem(in),
spend...(in),
feel
like,
to(习惯于),
give
up,
keep
on,
consider,
suggest,
can'
t
help。
我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙(finish,
busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep
to,
up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,
help,
like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,
miss,
mind)
动词不定式
一、动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为:
to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to
是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
To
speak
English
not
easy
us=It
us
to
English.
讲英语对我们来说不容易。
作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。
My
work
to
clean
room
everyday.=To
every
day
my
work.
我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。
—What
sports
does
he
play?
他喜欢做什么运动?
—He
likes
play
basketball.他喜欢打篮球。
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
mother
made
me
piano
all
time.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。
Have
you
got
anything
say?
你有要说的吗?
不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'
m
sorry
trouble
you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
went
library
study
English.(表目的)
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1.
不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为:
It+be+adj.(+
for/
of
sb.)+动词不定式
如:
learn
well
useful.→
It
useful
well.
It’s
important
protect
environment.
注意:
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
It'
s
kind
help
me.
你帮助我真是太好啦。
It'
clever
do
that.
你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2.
不定式作宾语
①有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的。
如:
would
want,
wish,
hope,
decide,
plan,
expect等。
Would
see
a
film
this
evening?
你今晚想去看电影吗?
②在find,
think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。
I
find
it
read
day.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Why
do...,
don'
had
better(not)do...,
would
rather
do,
could/would/will
please(not)do...
stay
room.我宁愿待在房间里。
3.
不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Lucy
asked
him
turn
down
radio.
露西让他关小收音机。
tell,
ask,
allow,
get,
encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
encourages
Japanese.
我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel)、
二听(hear,
listen
to)、
三让(let,
make,
have)、
四看(look
at,
see,
watch,
notice)。
但变被动语态时,必须加上to。
My
friends
were
whole
night
by
boss.
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4.
不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。
它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There
nothing
worry
about.
没有什么可担心的。
5.不定式常和疑问词what,
which,
when,
where,
how连用相当于一个宾语从句。
The
teacher
telling
students
what
do.
老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He
didn'
know
where
go.
他不知道去哪里。
分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词由“动词ing”构成。
过去分词的基本形式是“动词ed”,也有不规则动词的形式。
现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成。
由于近五年中考分词这部分不作为考查内容,故不展开学习。
三、典型例题讲解
1.【河北省2013】39.Thechildrendecide____theirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.
A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleaningD.Cleaned
【答案】B
2.【河北省2012】37._____abookinthelibrary,enterakeywordintothecomputer.
A.TofindB.FindC.TowriteD.Write
【答案】A
3.【河北省2011】32.
Whenever
chance____
English,
take
it.
A.speak
B.
C.
spoke
D.
speaks
【答案】C
4.【2010河北省卷】33.
I’d
________
picnic
with
us.
A.
go
going
【答案】B
5.【2009河北省卷】39.Don’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’swork______today.
A.maydoB.mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone
【答案】D
6.【2012内蒙古包头】31.energy,turnoffthehotwaterafteryoutakeashower.
A.SaveB.SavingC.SavedD.Tosave
【答案】D
7.【2011山东泰安】33.—Ifeeltiredandsleepy.
—Whynotstop______forawhile?
A.restB.torestC.restingD.rested
答案:
B
8.【2011山东威海】34.Whattimedoyouexpecther________?
A.arriveB.isarrivingC.arrivingD.toarrive
D
9.【2011山东威海】37.Thismathproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme________,George?
A.whattoworkoutB.toworkitout
C.howtoworkitoutD.howtoworkoutit
C
10.(2010·
河南省,24,1)()Fatheroftentellsme--toomuchtimeoncomputergames.
Adon'
tspendBnotspendCnottospendDnotspending
11.(2010·
湖北省黄冈市,43,1)-Howwouldyourfamilyliketotravel?
--It'
saprobleminmyfamily.Motherpreferstotakeabustotravel,whilefatheralwayssticks______
totravel.
A.todriveB.todrivingC.drivingD.drive
12.(2010·
山东省聊城市,34,1)Theteachersoftentelltheirpubils________aerosstheroadwhen
thetrafficlightisred.
A.notgoB.nottogoC.don'
tgoD.didn'
tgo
13.【2013江苏泰州】12.
—
stressed
from
time
Could
some
advice?
—
sharing
worries
parents?
Why
How
about
【答案】
B
14.【2013四川宜宾】33.—Would
mind
______
dining
hall?
—Of
course
not.
smoke
smoking
【答案】B
15.【2013四川雅安】12.
Students
how
___
problems.
solve
solving
can
【答案】D
四、当堂练习
1.(2013·
河北承德二模)Areyoubusytonight?
Whatabout___ourdogaftersupper?
A.towalkB.walkedC.walkD.walking
2,(2013·
河北廊坊二模)Sheenjoys____tomusic.It’srelaxing.
A.listenB.tolistenC.listeningD.laughed
3.(2013·
山东淄博一模)----WhereisMarry?
-----She’sbusy____fortheexam.
A.tostudyB.studyingC.studiesD.study
4.(2013·
北京西城一模)Mygrandmaisill.Thedoctoraskedher___inbedforafewdays.
A.tostayB.stayedC.stayD.stayed
5.(2013·
北京海淀一模)Myteacherofterntellsushow____ahealthylife.
A.toliveB.livingC.liveD.live
6.【2012贵州贵阳】44.
took
Janet
three
hours
_______
interesting
story.
finish
finished
finishing
7.【2012广东】44.
two
weeks
novels
written
Guo
Jingming.
finishes
Finishing
8.【2012贵州安顺】26.When
into
room,I
found
_____
bed.
A.him
lying
B.he
C.he
lies
D.him
was
9.【2012湖北咸宁】32.
Drivers
shouldn'
allowed
after
drinking,
or
they
will
break
law.
drive
driving
driven
10.【2012
内蒙古包头】31.
energy,
off
hot
water
shower.
Save
Saving
Saved
save
11.【2012山东聊城】31.
well,
one
must
lot
practice.
A.
Speaks
Spoken
Speak
12.(2010·
通化中考)Thewomanmadehisson_____finallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.
A.laughedB.tolaughC.laughD.laughing
13.(2010·
黄冈中考)—Howwouldyourfamilyliketotravel?
--It’saprobleminmyfamily.Motherpreferstotakeabustotravel,whilefatheralwayssticks______
A.todriveB.todrivingC.drivingD.drive
14.(2010·
陕西中考)Don’tforget_________anumbrella_______you.It’sgoingtorain.
A.totake;
toB.taking;
toC.totake;
withD.taking;
with
15.(2010·
莱芜中考)Mostoftheyoungpeopleenjoy______JayChou'
ssongs.
A.singB.sangC.singingD.tosing
五、课后作业
【2013四川雅安】8.
一Can
finish_____these
books
before
10
o'
clock?
一Yes,
can.
reads
2.【2013山东青岛】15.
Excuse
please
tell
car?
—Sure.
Park
right
here.
I’ll
you.
stop
park
when
3.【2013福建福州】39.
Nick,
_________
out
bathroom?
Sorry.
won'
long.
come
coming
4.【2013广东湛江】22.
—Why
____
now?
—Good
idea!
Let’s
goes
5.【2013山东滨州】31.
—Would
like____camping
me?
—I’d
to.
But
I’m
busy
homework.
go;
doing
going;
6.【2013山东泰安】30.
Linlin
practicing
speaking
English?
—_______
abroad
further
study.
Go
Gone
Goes
7.【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴】24.
—I’m
new
—Don’t
worry.
invite
8.【2013四川南充】29.
Jack’s
lights
class.
turning
B.
turned
C.
9.【2013四川凉山】32.When
move
somewhere
new,
first
thing
place
.
live
living
10.【2013贵州安顺】19.
“Who’s
boy
white
T-shirt
under
tree?
”
“My
friend.”
stand
stood
standing
11.【2013辽宁鞍山】
35.
Jessica'
parents
always
encourage
her
_____out
heropinions.
12.【2013湖北随州】34.
did
say
morning?
—She
told
make
faces
13.【2013湖北随州】27.
—Let'
football
on
playground.
——
It’s
outside.
rather______
at
home
than______
out.
stay;
staying;
14.【2013黑龙江绥化】14.
Remember
leave
room,
please.