Unit 2 Canada无图Word下载.docx

Unit 2 Canada无图Word下载.docx

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ItisCanada.

FromAtlantictoPacific

ThepoliticalmapshowsyouthatCanadaislocatednorthofthecontiguousUnitedStates.Betweenthetwocountriesliestheworld'

slongestundefendedborder,whichstretches5,522miles（8,887km）acrossNorthAmerica.Nomilitarytroopstrytohaltthethousandsofpeoplewhocrossthisbordereveryday.LiketheUnitedStates,CanadahastheAtlanticOceanonitseasterncoastandthePacificOceanonitswesterncoast.TheArcticOceanliestothefarnorth.

Canadaistheworld'

ssecond-largestcountryinlandarea.OnlyRussiaislarger.Insteadofbeingmadeupofstates,Canadahas10provinces,orregionalpoliticaldivisions.Italsoincludes3territories.LookatthemapbelowtofindtheprovincesofNewfoundland,NovaScotia,NewBrunswick,PrinceEdwardIsland,Quebec,Ontario,Manitoba,Saskatchewan,Alberta,andBritishColumbia.NowfindtheYukonTerritoryandtheNorthwestTerritories.In1999athirdterritory---NunavutwascarvedoutofpartoftheNorthwestTerritories.ThisareaisthehomelandoftheInuit,aNativeAmericanpeople.

Canada'

sLandforms

Thousandsofyearsago,hugeglaciers,orgiantsheetsofice,coveredmostofCanada.Theweightoftheseglacierspushedmuchofthelanddownandcreatedalargelowbasin.Highlandsroseonthewestern,eastern,andnorthernedgesofthisbasin.Waterfilledthelandthatwaspushedverylow.Asaresult,Canadatodayhasmanylakesandinlandwaterways---morethananyothercountryintheworld.

GeographersdivideCanada'

svastwater-studdedlandintosixphysicalregions.TheseregionsaretheEasternHighlands,theSt.LawrenceandGreatLakesLowlands,theCanadianShieldandArcticIslands,theInteriorPlains,theRockyMountains,andthePacificCoast.

TheEasternHighlandsAlongCanada'

ssoutheasternAtlanticcoaststretchtheAppalachianHighlands.TheycontinuefarthersouththroughtheeasternUnitedStatesastheAppalachianMountains.InCanada'

snortheast,acrosstheSt.LawrenceRiver,liesanotherhighlandarea---theLaurentianHighlands.TravelingthroughbothofthesepartsofCanada,youseerollinghillsandlowmountains.Thevalleysbetweenaredottedwithtidyfarms.Forestsblanketmuchofthelandscape.Manydeepwaterharborsnestlealongthejagged,rockycoasts.

TheSt.LawrenceandGreatLakesLowlandsCuttingthroughtheeasternhighlandareasarethelowlandsoftheSt.LawrenceRiver.TheselowlandscontinuewesttotheGreatLakesregion.TheSt.LawrenceRiverandtheGreatLakesformthemajorwaterwaylinkingtheAtlanticcoastandcentralCanada.Huge,slow-movingbargescarryinggrain,ore,coal,andotherresourcescoursethroughthiswaterwaythat

CanadashareswiththeUnitedStates.

FindtheSt.LawrenceRivervalleyonthephysicalmap.NowfindthepeninsulainOntariothatisborderedbyLakeOntario,LakeErie,andLakeHuron.Apeninsulaisapieceoflandwithwateronthreesides.TheSt.LawrenceRivervalleyandthispeninsulahaverichsoil,goodtransportationroutes,andsprawlingurbancenters.You

findmostofCanada'

speople,industries,andfarmshere.

TheCanadianShieldandtheArcticIslandsWrappedaroundHudsonBayisthehuge,horseshoe-shapedregionknownastheCanadianShield.ItincludesabouthalfofCanada'

slandarea.Hillsworndownbyerosionalongwiththousandsoflakescarvedbyglaciersdotmuchofthisregion.Barerockcoversmuchofthelandhere.Inotherplacesthereisenoughthinsoiltosupportafewhardyplants,suchasmossesandshrubs.Thissoilcannotbeusedforfarming,however.Inthesouthernpart,evergreenforestsprovideshelterandfoodfordeer,elk,andmoose.Muchoftheregioniswilderness.

DeepwithintheCanadianShieldareironore,copper,nickel,gold,anduraniumdeposits.Becauseoftheregion'

slocationandclimate,fewpeoplelivehere.ManyCanadiansvacationalongthelakesinthesouthernpartofthisregionduringthesummer.

TothenorthlietheArcticIslands.TenlargeislandsandhundredsofsmallonesliealmostentirelynorthoftheArcticCircle.Muchofthelandconsistsoftundra---vastrolling,treelessplainsinwhichonlythetopfewinchesofgroundthawinsummer.Onlylow-lyingbushes,mosses,andsturdygrassesgrowhere.Glacialiceblanketstheislandsthatarefarthestnorth.

TheInteriorPlainsCanadashareslandformswithitsneighbortothesouth.TheGreatPlainsoftheUnitedStatesbecometheInteriorPlainsofwesternCanada.Lookatthephysicalmaptolocatethisregion.YouseemanylargelakesinthenorthernpartoftheInteriorPlains.Thesouthernpartisahugeprairie--arolling,inlandgrassyareawithfertilesoil.Herdsofbuffaloonceroamedontheprairie.Todaylargecattleranchesandfarmsoccupymostoftheland.

TheRockyMountainsAnotherlandformsharedbyCanadaandtheUnitedStatesistheRockyMountains,partofanareacalledthecordillera.Acordilleraisagroupofmountainrangesthatrunsidebyside.TheCanadianRockiesareknownfortheirscenicbeauty,andrichmineralresources.Touristsfromaroundtheworldaredrawntothisarea,particularlytoBanffandJasperNationalParks.

ThePacificCoastWestoftheRockiesyoucrosshighplateausuntilyoureachtheCoastMountains.ThesemountainsskirtCanada'

spacificshoreandformanotherpartofthecordillera.LiketheRockies,theycrossintotheUnitedStates.

AstringofislandsoffCanada'

swestcoastareactuallypartlyunderwaterpeaksoftheCoastMountains.TheInsidePassage---awaterwaythatis1,000miles（1,609km）long---separatestheseislandsfromthemainlandCoastranges.YoucanusetheInsidePassagetotravelbyboatbetweenthecityofSeattleinWashingtonStateandportsonAlaska'

ssoutheasterntail.Alongtheway;

narrowfingersoftheseasnakeinlandbetweensteepmountainsides.

NearCanada'

sborderwithAlaska,severalmountainssoarmorethan15,000feet（4,572m）.MountLogan---Canada'

shighestpeak---evenreaches19,551feet（5,959m）.MostofthepeopleinthePacificCoastregionlivealongthecoastandinrivervalleysthatcutthroughthemountains.

TheClimate

OnefeaturethatCanadadoesnotsharewiththeUnitedStatesisclimate.ThemapofClimateinCanadashowsyouthatCanadagenerallyhasacoolorcoldclimate.InCanada'

sfarnorth,peopleshiverinthecoldtundraclimate.Farthersouth,between70°

Nand50°

Nlatitude,youfindasubarcticclimatewithshort,coolsummersandlong,coldwinters.

SoutheasternCanadahasahumidcontinentalclimate.Winterscanbelong,cold,andsnowyhere.Summersareshortandsometimeshot.Asyoumightguess,mostCanadiansliveinthisarea.

ThehumidcontinentalclimatecontinueswestoftheGreatLakestotheInteriorPlains.ThewesternpartofthePlainshassimilartemperaturesbutlessrainfall,makingforadrysteppeclimate.RainfallhereislowbecauseoftherainshadoweffectoftheRockyMountains.

ThesouthwesternPacificcoast,withitsmarinewestcoastclimate,istheonlyareainCanadathathaswet,mildwinters.TheCoastMountainsinthisregioncausewarmwindsfromthePacificOceantoreleasemoisture.Thewestern,orwindward,sideofthemountainsgetsmorerainandhaswarmertemperaturesthananyotherpartofCanada.Infact,BritishColumbia'

scapital---Victoria---isknownforitswell-keptgardensthatbloomyear-round.

Section2AResource-RichCountry

FishingisCanada'

soldestindustry.YetitisonlyoneofmanyeconomicactivitiesthatCanadianscarryontoday.Productivefarms,forests,mines,andbusinesseshaveturnedCanadaintooneoftheworld'

smostadvancedeconomies.

sEconomicRegions

Canada'

seconomyissimilartothatoftheUnitedStates.Canadaisknownforfertilefarmland,richnaturalresources,andskilledworkers.Manufacturing,farming,andserviceindustriesarethecountry'

smajoreconomicactivities.Serviceindustriesarebusinessesthatprovideservicestopeopleinsteadofproducinggoods.Fishing,mining,andlumberingarealsoimportanttotheCanadianeconomy.

Canada,liketheUnitedStates,hasafreemarketeconomyinwhichpeoplestartandrunbusinesseswithlimitedgovernmentinvolvement.Canada'

sgovernment,however,playsamoredirectroleintheCanadianeconomy.Forexample,Canada'

snationalandprovincialgovernmentsprovidehealthcareforcitizens.Broadcasting,transportation,andelectricpowercompaniesarealsogovernment-owned.ThesepublicservicesmightnothavebeenavailableinCanada'

sremoteareaswithoutgovernmentsupport.

GeographersgroupCanada'

sprovincesandterritoriesintosixeconomicregions:

NewfoundlandandtheMaritimeProvinces,Quebec,Ontario,thePrairieProvinces,BritishColumbia,andtheNorth.

NewfoundlandandtheMaritimeProvincesCanada'

seasternmosteconomicregionisformedbyNewfoundlandandtheMaritimeProvinces.TheMaritimeProvincesareNovaScotia,NewBrunswick,andPrinceEdwardIsland.Fishinghaslongbeenamajoreconomicactivityhere.TheGrandBanks,offthecoastofNewfoundland,isknownasoneofthebestfishinggroundsintheworld.Asaresultofoverfishing,however,fishinghasbeenregulated.T