英语一考研真题版.docx

英语一考研真题版.docx

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英语一考研真题版

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings:

childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour2,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3.

　　4,whydowetrustatall?

Well,becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9:

InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse.

　　11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas13monthscandifferentiate14acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach15toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What’sinhere?

”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!

”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook16.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf17thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad18them.

　　Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere19tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership.20,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.

　　1.[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from

　　2.[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest

　　3.[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price

　　4.[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again

　　5.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When

　　6.[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains

　　7.[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare

　　8.[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to

　　9.[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle

　　10.[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters

　　11.[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic

　　12.[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight

　　13.[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over

　　14.[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted

　　15.[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside

　　16.[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D].remembered

　　17.[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked

　　18.[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled

　　19.[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance

　　20.[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitable

SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

　　Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:

Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

　　Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

　　Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

　　Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

　　ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:

Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviou