《孟子》英译文档格式.docx
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tthoughtonethousandlitoofartocomeandseeme,mayIpresumethatyouhavesomethingwithwhichIcanprofitmykingdom?
"
Menciussaid:
Whymustyouspeakofprofit?
WhatIhaveforyouisHumanenessandRightness,andthat'
sall.Ifyoualwayssay'
howcanIprofitmykingdom?
'
yourtopofficerswillask,'
howcanweprofitourclans?
Theelites（shi）1andthecommonpeoplewillask:
'
Howcanweprofitourselves?
Superiorsandinferiorswillstruggleagainsteachotherforprofit,andthecountrywillbeinchaos."
Inakingdomoftenthousandchariots,themurdererofthesovereignisusuallyfromaclanofonethousandchariots.Inathousand-chariotkingdom,themurdererofthesovereignisusuallyfromaclanofonehundredchariots.Now,tohaveathousandintenthousand,oronehundredinathousandisnotreallyallthatmuch.Butifyouputdue-givinglastandprofitfirst,noonewillbesatisfiedunlesstheycangrabsomething."
Therehasneverbeenahumanemanwhoneglectedhisparents,andtherehasneverbeenajustmanwhoputhisprincelastinhispriorities.King,can'
twelimitourconversationtohumanenessanddue-giving?
Whymustwediscussprofit?
梁惠王曰:
「寡人之於國也,盡心焉耳矣!
河內凶,則移其民於河東,移其粟於河內;
河東凶亦然。
察鄰國之政,無如寡人之用心者;
鄰國之民不加少,寡人之民不加多:
何也?
」孟子對曰:
「王好戰,請以戰喩。
填然鼓之,兵刃旣接,棄甲曳兵而走,或百歩而後止,或五十歩而後止;
以五十歩笑百歩,則何如?
」
曰:
「不可。
直不百歩耳,是亦走也!
」曰:
「王如知此,則無望民之多於鄰國也。
」「不違農時,穀不可勝食也;
數罟不入洿池,魚鼈不可勝食也;
斧斤以時入山林,材木不可勝用也;
穀與魚鼈不可勝食,材木不可勝用,是使民養生喪死無憾也;
養生喪死無憾,王道之始也。
「五畝之宅,樹之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣;
雞豚狗彘之畜,無失其時,七十者可以食肉矣;
百畝之田,勿奪於時,數口之家可以無饑矣;
謹庠序之教,申之以孝悌之義,頒白者不負戴於道路矣;
七十者衣帛食肉,黎民不饑不寒;
然而不王者,未之有也!
」「狗彘食人食而不知檢,塗有餓莩而不知發;
人死,則曰:
『非我也,歳也。
』是何異於刺人而殺之,曰:
『非我也,兵也!
』王無罪歳,斯天下之民至焉。
[1A:
3]KingHuiofLiangsaid:
Iexertmywholeconsciousnesstowardsmypeople.WhenthereisdisasterinHe-nei,ImovethepeopletoHe-dongandbringgraintoHe-nei.WhenthereisdisasterinHe-dong,Idolikewise.2Now,ifyoulookatthegovernmentinneighboringkingdoms,thereisnoonewhoisasdedicatedtohispeopleasI.Yetwhyisitthatthepeopledon'
tmovefromotherstatesandcometomine?
Menciusreplied:
Yourmajesty,youlikewar,don'
tyou?
Letmemakeanexamplewithwar:
Thedrummershavepsychedthesoldiersintothebattlefieldandthebattleisengaged.Somesoldiersthrowofftheirheavyarmorandflee,draggingtheirweapons.Onefellowrunsahundred
pacesandstops.Anotherrunsfiftypacesandstops.Whatwouldyouthinkiftheonewhoranfiftypaceslaughsattheonewhoranahundred?
TheKingsaid:
Noway.Eventhoughhedidn'
trunahundredpaces,hestillran."
Ifyourealizethis,thenyoushouldn'
texpectpeopletomovetoyourkingdom.Ifyoudon'
tinterferewiththetimingofthefarmers,therewillbemoregrainthancanbeeaten.Iffine-meshnetsarekeptoutofthepondsandlakes,therewillbemorefishandturtlesthanyoucaneat.Ifloggersareregulatedintheirwoodcutting,therewillbemorewoodthancanbeused.Whenthereismoregrain,morefishandturtlesthancanbeeaten,andmorewoodthancanbeused,thepeoplewillnourishthelivingandmournthedeadwithoutresentment.Nourishingthelivingandmourningthedeadwithoutresentmentisthebeginningoftheroadtotruekingship."
Ifmulberrytreesareplantedaroundhomesteadsofanacre,thenpeoplefiftyyearsoldcanbeclothedinsilk.If,intheraisingoffowl,pigs,dogsandswine,theirbreedingtimesarenotmissed,thenpeopleseventyyearsoldcaneatmeat.Ifyoudonotupsetthefarmingscheduleinafarmoftwentyacres,thenalargeclanwillneverbehungry.Paycarefulattentiontoeducation,basingitontheRightnessoffilialpietyandrespectforelders,andthegray-hairedpeoplewillnotbeinthestreetscarryingheavyburdensontheirbacks.Therehasneverbeenacasewherethepeopleofseventywereeatingmeatandtheblack-hairedpeoplewerefreefromcoldandhunger,wherethekingwasnotwellregarded."
But[inyourkingdom],dogsandswineeatmen'
sfood,andyoudon'
tcontrolit.Peoplearedyingofstarvationinthestreetsanditdoesn'
toccurtoyoutodistributegrainfromthestorehouses.Peopledie,andyousay:
It'
snotmyfault;
itwasabadharvest.'
Howisthisdifferentfromstabbingamantodeathandsaying,'
Itwasn'
tme,itwastheknife.'
Ifyouwouldstopplacingtheblameonbadharvests,allofthepeopleinthecountrywouldcometoyou."
「寡人願安承教。
孟子對曰:
「殺人以梃與刃,有以異乎?
「無以異也。
「以刃與政有以異乎?
庖有肥肉,廏有肥馬,民有飢色,野有餓莩,此率獸而食人也。
獸相食,且人惡之;
爲民父母行政,不免於率獸而食人,惡在其爲民父母也!
仲尼曰:
『始作俑者,其無後乎!
』爲其象人而用之也,如之何其使斯民饑而死也。
4]KingHuiofLiangsaid:
Iwouldliketoquietlyreceiveyourinstruction."
Isthereanydifferencebetweenkillingamanwithastickorasword?
TheKingreplied:
Nodifference."
Isthereanydifferencebetweendoingitwithaswordanddoingitwithgovernment?
Nodifference"
wasthereply.
Thereareloadsoffatmeatinyourkitchenwhilethepeopleinthecountrysidearedyingofstarvation.Animalsareeveneatingpeople.Now,mendespiseanimalswhofeedoneachother.Andyousayyouwanttobe'
theparentofthepeople.'
Butintheactualhandlingofyourgovernment,youcannotevenpreventanimalsfromfeedingonmen.Howcanyouberegardedasa'
parentofthepeople?
Confuciussaid:
Wasn'
tthefirstfellowwhomadewoodenimagesforburialwiththedeadrememberedforever?
Thisisbecausehemadeimagesofmenandusedthemforsuchapurpose.
Whatmemoryshalltherebeofthemanwhomadehispeopledieofstarvation?
「普國,天下莫強焉,叟之所知也。
及寡人之身,東敗於齊,長子死焉;
西喪地於秦七百里;
南辱於楚:
寡人恥之,願比死者一洒之,如之何則可?
5]KingHuiofLiangsaid:
Asyouknow,venerablesir,thereisnotastrongerstateinthecountrythanChin.Sincetheyattackedme,wehavealsolostontheeasttoCh'
i,wheremyeldestsondied.Onthewest,wehavelostonehundredliofterritorytoCh'
inandonthesouthwehavebeenembarrassedbyCh'
u.Ihavebeenshamedbythisandwouldliketocleartheslateformyancestorsonceandforall.HowcanIdoit?
「地方百里而可以王。
王如施仁政於民,省刑罰,薄税歛,深耕易耨;
壯者以暇日修其孝悌忠信,入以事其父兄,出以事其長上,可使制梃以撻秦楚之堅甲利兵矣!
」Menciusreplied:
Aterritoryonehundredlisquareisenoughtoconstituteaviablekingship.Yourmajestyshouldgiveahumanegovernmenttothepeople,becarefulinpunishingcrime;
makethetaxeslight;
plowthefieldsdeeplyandhoethemwell.Thenallthestrongandhealthypeoplecanintheirleisuretimecultivatefilialpiety,siblingaffection,loyaltyandsincerity.Iftheydothis,thenwhentheyareathometheycanservetheirfathersandelderbrothers,andwhentheyareoutintheworldtheycanservetheireldersandsuperiors.Thesepeoplewillbeable,with[only]sharpenedsticks,togiveabeatingtoCh'
inandCh'
uwiththeirhardarmorandsharpweapons."
彼奪其民時,使不得耕耨以養其父母,父母凍餓,兄弟妻子離散。
彼陷溺其民,王往而征之,夫誰與王敵!
故曰:
『仁者無敵。
』王請勿疑。
Thoserulerssnatchthepeople'
stimesothattheyareunabletodotheplowingandhoeingwhichisnecessarytosupporttheirparents.Olderandyoungerbrothers,wivesandchildrenareseparatedandscattered.Inthiswaytheserulerstrapandburytheirownpeople.Ifyou,King,wouldgoandchastisethem,whowillopposeyou?
Don'
tdoubttheancientproverb:
TheHumanemanhasnoonetoopposehim.'
孟子見梁襄王。
出語人曰:
「望之不似人君,就之而不見所畏焉。
卒然問曰:
『天下惡乎定?
』
6]MenciushadanaudiencewithKingHsiangofLiang.Whenhecameout,hesaidtosomepeople:
WhenIsawhimatadistance,hedidnotlooklikeaking,andwhenIapproachedhim,therewasnothingtobeinaweof.Abruptlyheaskedme:
HowcanthesituationoftheCentralKingdombesettleddown?
吾對曰:
『定於一。
』」「孰能一之?
」「對曰:
『不嗜殺人者能一之。
』」「孰能與之?
」"
Ianswered:
Itcanbesettleddownbyunification.'
Hesaid:
Whocanunifyit?
Ireplied:
Hewhodoesnotlikekillingmencanunifyit.'
Heasked:
Whohasthepowertograntsomeonethisability?
「對曰:
『天下莫不與也。
王知夫苗乎?
七八月之間旱,則苗槁矣。
天油然作雲,沛然下雨,則苗浡然興之矣。
其如是,孰能禦之!
今夫天下之人牧,未有不嗜殺人者也。
如有不嗜殺人者,則天下之民皆引領而望之矣。
試如是也,民歸之,由水之就下,沛然誰能禦之!
』"
Iansweredagain,saying:
Thereisnooneinthelandwhowouldnotgrantit.Doyouknowanythingaboutfarming?
Duringtheseventhandeighthmonthsitgetsdryandtheplantswither.Whenthereisasuddendownpourofrain,theplantscomevibrantlytolife.Yoursituationbeinglikethis,whowillopposeyou?
Now,amongthosewhoareleadersinthiscountry,therearenonewhodislikekillingmen.Iftherewereonewhodislikedkillingmen,allthepeopleinthecountrywouldsticktheirnecksoutmerelytogetaglimpseofhim.Ifyouwerereallylikethis,thepeople
wouldcometoyoulikewaterrunningdownhill.Whocouldopposeyou?
齊宣王問曰:
「齊桓普文之事,可得聞乎?
7]KingHsü
anofCh'
iasked:
CangivemeyouranalysisofwhathappenedbetweenDukeHuanofCh'
iandDukeWenofCh'
in?
3"
「仲尼之徒,無道桓文之事者,是以後世無傳焉,臣未之聞也。
無以,則王乎?
Menciusanswered:
NoneofConfucius'
disciplestalkedaboutHuanandWen,soIhavenosignificantinformationonthem.SosinceIcan'
ttalkaboutthem,howaboutdiscussingkingship?
「德何如則可以王矣?
「保民,而王莫之能禦也。
Thekingsaid:
Whatkindofqualitiesarenecessaryforrealkingship?
Takecareofthepeople,andnoonecanopposeyou."
「若寡人者,可以保民乎哉?
「可。
「何由知吾可也?
Issomeonelikemecapableoftakingcareofthepeople?
Sure."
Howdoyouknow?
「臣聞之胡齕曰:
『王坐於堂上,有牽牛而過堂下者;
王見之,曰:
「牛可之?
」對曰:
「將以釁鐘。
」王曰:
「舍之;
吾不忍其觳觫,若無罪而就死地。
「然則廢釁鐘與?
「何可廢也?
以羊易之。
」』不識有諸?
Iheard
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