江苏高考英语 高考题分类练补弱项+阅读理解B专练5篇+Word版含答案Word文档格式.docx
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”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”
1.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“ ”.
A.betheworstB.bethebest
C.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood
2.WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?
A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.
B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.
C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.
D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.
3.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich .
A.canreceivequalitysignalsB.areinneedoftraining
C.fittheenvironmentbetterD.maketheloudestcall
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇科普类说明文。
我们都知道母亲在怀孕期间对小宝宝进行胎教,但是你知道鸟类也会给自己还未孵化出的小宝宝进行胎教吗?
请看澳大利亚生物学家的研究成果吧。
1.B 语词猜测题。
根据画线部分后面的描述:
一些鸟类在小鸟孵化出来前就开始教它们唱歌了,小鸟孵化出来后几天就能模仿自己母亲的叫声。
由此推断出小鸟在这方面做得最棒,所以答案为B项。
2.A 推理判断题。
根据第三段中的最后一句话可知,他们把雏鸟的叫声和母亲的叫声进行对比,根据相似度进行排名,由此可知他们的发现是以母亲和雏鸟叫声的相似度为依据的,所以答案为A项。
3.C 推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知答案为C项。
Passage2(2018江苏,B)
Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé
.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.
Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:
dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.
Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad:
thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.
Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:
putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:
dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.
Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,”giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.
1.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere .
A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual
B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers
C.notconsciousofthefoodquality
D.notfondofthefoodprovided
2.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?
A.Playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.
C.Makingthelightbrighter.D.Usingplatesoflargersize.
3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?
A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.
B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.
C.Waystoimproverestaurants’reputation.
D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。
现在大量的研究发现颜色的搭配、光线、音乐、气味都会影响顾客在餐馆的消费。
1.A 词义猜测题。
画线短语前提到“在光线暗的地方吃饭,顾客无法判断已经吃了多少东西。
被给了超大份食物的顾客会比其他人吃得多”,画线短语后提到“他们并没有感觉到吃得更饱”,再根据连词but的提示可推断,画线短语的意思为“没有意识到比平常吃得更多”,故选A项。
根据题干中的afinediningshop直接定位到第四段第二句(和快餐店不同,好的饭店更愿意顾客能待久一些并进行消费),然后根据第三句可知,鼓励顾客留下来多点餐的方法之一是播放莫扎特的音乐。
由此推断,好的饭店通过播放经典音乐使顾客留下来多点餐,从而赚取更多利润,故选A项。
3.D 主旨大意题。
根据段落主题句确定段落主旨是最常用的方法。
分析最后一段可知,本段第一句是本段主题句(同时,你可能以为会导致顾客减少消费的一些因素——不好的餐桌位置、拥挤的环境和价格高——都未必是对的),由此确定答案为D项。
Passage3(2016江苏,B)
Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.
Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.
Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.
Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.
Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.
1.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?
A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.
B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.
C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.
D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.
2.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey .
A.havetheinstincttohelpothers
B.knowhowtoofferhelptoadults
C.knowtheworldbetterthanchimps
D.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull
3.Thepassageismainlyabout .
A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren
B.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionality
C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannature
D.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren
很小的孩子就会帮助别人,与人合作和分享,这是人的本性。
1.A 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段中的实验得知黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。
故A项正确。
其中C项干扰性较大,黑猩猩只是自私,而不是喜欢那么做。
根据文章第三段第一、二句得知小孩帮助他人是出于本能,故A项正确。
B项太片面;
C、D两项文中没提到。
3.C 主旨要义题。
通读全文可知,作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。
A项干扰性较大,文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。
Passage4(2015江苏,B)
IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.
Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.
Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarrie