江苏高考英语 高考题分类练补弱项+阅读理解B专练5篇+Word版含答案Word文档格式.docx

江苏高考英语 高考题分类练补弱项+阅读理解B专练5篇+Word版含答案Word文档格式.docx

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”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”

1.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“　　　”. 

A.betheworstB.bethebest

C.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood

2.WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?

A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.

B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.

C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.

D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.

3.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich　　　. 

A.canreceivequalitysignalsB.areinneedoftraining

C.fittheenvironmentbetterD.maketheloudestcall

答案　

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇科普类说明文。

我们都知道母亲在怀孕期间对小宝宝进行胎教,但是你知道鸟类也会给自己还未孵化出的小宝宝进行胎教吗?

请看澳大利亚生物学家的研究成果吧。

1.B　语词猜测题。

根据画线部分后面的描述:

一些鸟类在小鸟孵化出来前就开始教它们唱歌了,小鸟孵化出来后几天就能模仿自己母亲的叫声。

由此推断出小鸟在这方面做得最棒,所以答案为B项。

2.A　推理判断题。

根据第三段中的最后一句话可知,他们把雏鸟的叫声和母亲的叫声进行对比,根据相似度进行排名,由此可知他们的发现是以母亲和雏鸟叫声的相似度为依据的,所以答案为A项。

3.C　推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知答案为C项。

Passage2（2018江苏,B）

Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé

.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.

Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:

dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.

Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad:

thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert. 

Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:

putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:

dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.

Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,”giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.

1.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere　　　. 

A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual

B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers

C.notconsciousofthefoodquality

D.notfondofthefoodprovided

2.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?

A.Playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.

C.Makingthelightbrighter.D.Usingplatesoflargersize.

3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?

A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.

B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.

C.Waystoimproverestaurants’reputation.

D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。

现在大量的研究发现颜色的搭配、光线、音乐、气味都会影响顾客在餐馆的消费。

1.A　词义猜测题。

画线短语前提到“在光线暗的地方吃饭,顾客无法判断已经吃了多少东西。

被给了超大份食物的顾客会比其他人吃得多”,画线短语后提到“他们并没有感觉到吃得更饱”,再根据连词but的提示可推断,画线短语的意思为“没有意识到比平常吃得更多”,故选A项。

根据题干中的afinediningshop直接定位到第四段第二句（和快餐店不同,好的饭店更愿意顾客能待久一些并进行消费）,然后根据第三句可知,鼓励顾客留下来多点餐的方法之一是播放莫扎特的音乐。

由此推断,好的饭店通过播放经典音乐使顾客留下来多点餐,从而赚取更多利润,故选A项。

3.D　主旨大意题。

根据段落主题句确定段落主旨是最常用的方法。

分析最后一段可知,本段第一句是本段主题句（同时,你可能以为会导致顾客减少消费的一些因素——不好的餐桌位置、拥挤的环境和价格高——都未必是对的）,由此确定答案为D项。

Passage3（2016江苏,B）

Chimps（黑猩猩）willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct（本能）tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.

Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.

Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.

Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive（认知的）skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.

Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?

A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.

B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.

C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.

D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.

2.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey　　　. 

A.havetheinstincttohelpothers

B.knowhowtoofferhelptoadults

C.knowtheworldbetterthanchimps

D.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull

3.Thepassageismainlyabout　　　. 

A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren

B.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionality

C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannature

D.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren

很小的孩子就会帮助别人,与人合作和分享,这是人的本性。

1.A　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段中的实验得知黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。

故A项正确。

其中C项干扰性较大,黑猩猩只是自私,而不是喜欢那么做。

根据文章第三段第一、二句得知小孩帮助他人是出于本能,故A项正确。

B项太片面;

C、D两项文中没提到。

3.C　主旨要义题。

通读全文可知,作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。

A项干扰性较大,文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。

Passage4（2015江苏,B）

IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.

Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarrie