英国文学复习资料Word格式.docx
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II.HisWork:
TheCanterburyTales
TheCanterburyTales
TheGeneralPrologue
...
ThePrioress
TherewasalsoaNun,aPrioress,
Whosenamewasgentleandfullofguilelessness.
“BySt.Loy!
”wastheworstoathshewouldsay.
Shesangmasswell,inabecomingway,
Intoningthroughhernosethewordsdivine,
AndshewasknownasMadamEglantine.
ShespokegoodFrench,astaughtatStratford-Bow
FortheParisianFrenchshedidnotknow.
Shewasschooledtoeatsoprimlyandsowell
Thatfromherlipsnomorseleverfell.
Shewetherfingerslightlyinthedish
Ofsauce,forcourtesywasherfirstwish.
Witheverybiteshedidherskillfulbest
Toseethatnodropfelluponherbreast.
Shealwayswipedherupperlipsoclean
Thatinhercupwasnevertobeseen
Ahintofgreasewhenshehaddrunkhershare,
Shereachedoutforhermeatwithcomelyair.
Shewasagreatdelight,andalwaystried
Toimitatecourtways,andhadherpride,
Bothamiableandgraciousinherdealings.
Asforhercharityandtenderfeelings,
Shemeltedatwhateverwaspiteous.
Shewouldweepifshebutcameuponamouse
Caughtinatrap,ifitweredeadofbleeding.
Somelittledogsthattookpleasurefeeding
Onroastedmeatormilkorgoodwheatbread
Shehad,buthowshewepttofindonedead
Oryelpingfromablowthatmadeitsmart,
Andallwassympathyandlovingheart.
Neatwasherwimpleinitseveryplait,
Hernosewellformed,hereyesasgrayasslate.
Hermouthwasverysmallandsoftandred.
ShehadsowideabrowIthinkherhead
Wasnearlyaspanbroad,forcertainly
Shewasnotundergrown,asallcouldsee.
Sheworehercloakwithdignityandcharm,
Andhadherrosaryaboutherarm,
Thesmallbeadscoralandthelargergreen,
Andfromthemhungabroochofgoldensheen,
OnitalargeAandacrownabove;
Beneath,“allthingsaresubjectuntolove.”
I.Questionsfordiscussion:
1.Whatisthetoneofthesetting?
Howdidtheauthorachievesuchsettingofthetales?
2.SummarizethecharacterofthePrioressinthisPrologue.
3.ToanalyzeChaucer’swaysofcharacterizationinthisPrologueandthelanguagestyleoftheselectedpart.
II.Toillustratetheterms.
Heroiccouplet:
Atwo-linesectionofapoem,whichrhymesandhasfivefeeteachiniambicmeter(alsotermedasiambicpentameter),andwhichhasameaningcompletewithinitself.
Example:
Theveinsarebathedinliquorofsuchpower
Asbringsabouttheengenderingoftheflower,
(抑抑扬)
ATT:
Fortheconvenienceoftheinterpretationforthefoot,somewordsaredetached.
Foot:
Agroupofsyllablesformingaunitofverse,usuallyonefootcontainsatleastonestressedword,orcontainsonestressedwordandoneormorethanoneunstressedwords.
III.SocialsignificanceofTheCanterburyTales(alsofunctionasasimpleanalysis)
1.TheCanterburyisnotonlyacollectionofstoriesstrungbyloosethread.
(1)Toaffirmmenandwomen’srighttopursuetheirhappiness;
(2)Toopposethedogmaofasceticism;
(3)Topraiseman’senergy,intellectandloveoflife.
2.Thisworkexposedtheeviloftime
(1)thedegenerationofthenoble;
(2)theheartlessofjudge;
(3)thecorruptionofchurch
IV.Chaucer’sachievementsinandcontributiontoEnglishliterature
1.Heisoneoftheearliestliterarytalentswhoembodyhumanism.
2.FatherofEnglishpoetry
(1)thefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguage;
(2)introducedrhymedfiveaccentsiniambicmetertoEnglishpoetry(heroiccouplet)
3.FounderofEnglishrealism
TheprologuesuppliesaminiatureofthenEnglishsociety(waysofnarratingthestoriesanddifferentsocialstatusofthesepilgrims).
4.HisexcellentworkscontributealottoestablishEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.(setanexampleforthepoetsoflatergeneration)
5.HemadeLondondialectasthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.
RenaissancePeriod
WilliamShakespeare
I.Life
1.bornoftraderfamilyinStratford-on-Avonin1564,andhisfamilygotintofinancialtroubles;
2.Failtofinishformalschoolingforthereasonoffinancialdifficulties,heleftforLondon.
II.Shakespearethedramatist
Hisplaysarepoeticaldramas,mostofwhicharewritteninblankversewhichwascreatedoneofthefamousuniversitywits,ChristopherMarlow.
Hiscareerasadramatistmaybedividedintothree(orfour)periods:
(tobelecturedlater)
Hamlet
●TheMonologue:
Tobe:
toexist,tolive,topassivelyaccept,tosuffer;
Nottobe:
todie,totakeactiontofightagainstfate.
Thatisthequestion:
thisshowsHamletconfrontedwithbothbodyandmoraldilemma:
whethertosufferpassivelyortotakeactiontofight.
◆threereasonsforhisdilemma:
1.HereceivesStoicphilosophy:
Forbearanceisthenoblest(顺从是最高的美德).
Ciceronianphilosophy:
Dutyismostimportant.
ThesetwoviewsofphilosophyarequitecontradictoryforHamlet.(tointerpretindepth)
2.Religiousreason:
fearofafter-life.(asobviouslyshowninthismonologue:
todie,tosleep)
3.Odepuscomplex(commonlycalledmothercomplex):
thisviewwasputforwardbysomecritic,whichconductedapsychologicalanalysisbasedontheFreudianphilosophy.(tosimplynarratetheoriginofthiscomplex.)
Pointsworthyofnoticeandinterpretationinthemonologue
theslingsandarrows(ametaphor,):
attack
Todie,tosleep(analogy)
nomore:
toexistnomore
heartache:
spiritualpain
naturalshocks:
physicalpainandsuffering
consummation:
finalsettlement
devoutlytobewished:
tobepassionatelywished
perchance:
perhaps
ay:
yes
rub:
difficulty
shuffledoff:
getridof
mortalcoil:
troubleofmortallife,coil:
body
pause:
hinder
respect:
consideration,thinking
whipsandscornsoftime:
thebeatandsneerinthewordwelivein.
wrong:
illtreatment
Contumely:
despising
Pangs:
sharppain
spurnsthatpatientmeritofth’unworthytakes:
kicksthatapersonofmerittakesfromtheunworthy.
Fardels:
(archaicword)burdens
Awearylife:
aburdensomelife
Butthat:
unless
Conscience:
reflection,consciousness
Issickliedover:
iscoveredwith
Palecast:
sicklycover,sicklycolor
Thought:
anxiousthoughtormelancholythought
Enterprise:
thegreatcause
Pithandmoment:
importance
Withthisregard:
onthisaccount,forthisreason
Theircurrentturnawry:
changethedirection
Action:
hererefersto“takearmsagainstthefate”
Questionsfordiscussion:
Givethoroughconsiderationtothewholeplayandthemonologuewehavecovered,andanswerthesequestions:
1.WhatistheuseofthespiritofHamlet’sfatherinthedevelopmentofdramaticplot?
2.Whatistheuseofhisfather’sspiritinthedevelopmentofHamlet’scharacter?
3.ToanalyzeHamlet’scharacter?
4.ToanalyzethechangeofHamlet’sattitudeforOphellia,whatarethereasonsforthechange?
◆Anyotherquestionconcerningthisplayyouwanttoputforwardandexplain.Welcometospeakyourmind!
III.Shakespearethepoet
1.Hissonnet(ageneralintroductionaboutall154sonnets):
SonnetXVIII
Pre-readingtask:
1.Tocontrastthetoneofthe1stand2ndstanzawiththeoneofthe3rd,trytofindthedifference.
2.Whataredenotationofsuchimagesas“summer’sday”,“budsofMay”and“roughwind”?
Notes:
•thee:
you
•Summer’sday:
warmthandbeauty(bestseasonforShakespeare)
•Thouart:
youare
•Temperate:
mild
•RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay:
beautyisshort-lived.
•Andeveryfairfromfairsometimesdecline(ainvertedline):
Andeveryfairsometimesdeclinefromfair.
•Bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d(ainvertedline):
untrimm’dBychance,ornature’schangingcourse.Trim:
dress
Questionsandtaskforsonnet18
1.ConsidertherelationshipamongfourstanzastoidentifythespecialpoeticpatternofShakespeariansonnet.
2.whatisthethemeofthissonnet?
EdmundSpenser
I.Spensertheman
1.bornofapoormerchant’sfamily;
2.EducatedatMerchantTailor’sschool
Inthisschool,ateacherwithhumanismconveyedtheideaofeducationasfollows:
“It’snotamind,norabody,thatwehavetoeducate,butaman,wecannotdividehim”.
3.StudyinginCambridgeUniversity,hewasundertheinfluenceofPlatonism(oneaspect:
theinnerbeautyismoreimportantthanthebeautyofappearance.)Thismaybefoundinhispoetry;
andhealsogotmuchinfluencefromPhillipSidney,thisinfluenceisofimportanceforhiscreationofsonnet.
II.Spenserthepoet(mainlyhispoem)
1.Amoretti(爱情小唱):
asequenceof88poems,inwhichsonnet54andsonnet75aremostfamous.
Pre-readingQuestionsforsonnet54:
1.Whatisthetoneofthispoem?
2.Whoisthespeaker?
3.Couldyoudescribethechangesofthespeaker’sinnerworld,esp.hisemotionalchanges?
Sonnet54
Ofthisworldstheatreinwhichwestay,
Mylovelikethespectatorydlysits
Beholdingmethatallthepageantsplay,
Disguysingdiverslym