美国文学重点整理Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Fitzgerald:

tenderisthenight,allthesadyoungman,therichboy,

2、WhatisLostGeneration?

①ItisatermtodescribeagroupofAmericanintellectuals,poets,artistsandwriterswhofledtoFranceinthepostWWIyearstorejectthevaluesofAmericanmaterialismandtoseekthebohemianlifestyleinParis、

②Itisfullofyouthfulidealism,seekingthemeaningoflife,drankexcessively,haveloveaffairs,creatingsomeofthefinestAmericanliteraturetodate、

③AmericanpoetGertrudeSteincoinedthisexpression,speakingtoHemingway,shesaid,youareallalostgeneration、thetermstuckthemystiquesurroundingtheseindividualscontinuestofancyus、

④Mainrepresentatives:

F、Scott、Fitzgerald,ErnestHemingway,JohnDosPassos

3、Whatismodernism?

Mainfeatures、

Aculturalmovementthatgenerallyincludestheprogressiveartandarchitecture,design,literature,music,dance,paintingandothervisualartswhichemergedinthebeginningofthe20century,particularlyintheyearsfollowingWWI、Itwasamovementofartistsanddesignerswhorebelledagainstlate19thcenturyacademicandhistorictradition,andembracedtheneweconomic,socialandpoliticalaspectsoftheemergingmodernworld、

Theavant-gardemovementsthatfollowedincludingimpressionism,post-impressionism,cubism（立体主义）,futurism,expressionism,contructivism（构成主义）aregenerallydefinedasmodernism

、

4、TheGreatGatsby

作者:

F、ScottFitzgerald

男女主人公:

JayGatsby 

&

DaisyFayBuchanan

WhyisGatsbygreat?

Whydidhedie?

Hisflawsincharacteristics:

Naive,innocent,ideal

正就是因为美国社会缺乏盖茨比精神,社会不重视精神世界得充实,人们经历spiritualemptiness,所以盖茨比伟大。

Post-wardelusion（迷幻,错觉）

“Sowebeaton,boatsagainstthecurrent,bornebackceaselesslyintothepast、”

几个重点背景:

roaringtwenties,jazzage,thelostgeneration,Americandream

5、ErnestHemingway

主要作品:

TheSunAlsoRises《太阳照常升起》

AFarewelltoArms《永别了,武器》FredericHenry&

CatherineBarkley

ForWhomtheBellTolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》

TheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》Santiago

“Manisnotmadefordebeat…Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated、”FromTheOldManandtheSea

WhatisHemingwayCodeHero?

Hiswritingstyle、WhatisIceberg-principle?

海明威得writingstyle:

Heroiccode:

Hemingwayhashisownunderstandingofhero、Whattheherodoesistofaceadversitywithgrace、Heemphasizesself-controlandotherfactsofhisideaofmanhood、Whatpeopleachieveorfailatexternalisnotassignificanttoheroismasportingourselveswithinnernobility、AsSantiagosays,manisnotmadefordefeated、Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated、

Colloquialstyle

Emphasisonemotion

Iceburgtheory

Shortstory:

manwithoutwomen

Wintertakesnothing

主题主要就是:

lifeanddeath,experienceandthemeaningoflife,thephysicalandpsychologicalwoundofthesoldier、

Hemingway’swritingstyle:

simple,telegraphic,natural,direct,clear,fresh,terse（简洁得,精练得）,controversial,monlyfound,fundamentalwords,leanandemotional,simplesentences,iceburgprinciple,symbolism、Hisstyleisprobablythemostwidelyimitatedofanyinthe20thcentury、Heisgenerallyknownforhis“masteryoftheartofmodernnarration”、Heoncesaid,thedignityofmovementofaniceburgisduetoonly1/8ofitabovewater、AccordingtoH,goodliteraturewritingshouldbeabletomakereadersfeeltheemotionofthecharactersdirectlyandthebestwaytoproducetheeffectistosetdownexactlyeveryparticularkindoffeelingwithoutanyauthorizedments,withoutconventionallyemotivelanguage,andwithabareminimumofadj,andmodifiers、Hisfictionusuallyfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslive--soldiers,fisherman,athletes,whomeetthepainanddifficultiesoftheirexistencewithstoic（坚忍得,苦修得）courage、Hiscelebratedlitstylheisdirect,terseandoftenmonotonous,yetparticularlysuitedtohiselementalsubjectmatter、Masculine,manofaction,self-discipline,terse、

TheHemingwayherocode

ItreferstosomeprotagonistsinHemingway’sworks、InthegeneralsituationofHemingway’snovels,lifeisfulloftensionandbattles、Theworldisinchaosandmanisalwaysfightingalosingbattle、Thosewhosurviveandperhapsemergevictoriousintheprocessofseekingtomasterthecodewithasetofprinciplessuchashonor,courage,endurance,wisdom,disciplineanddignityareknownasHemingwaycode、Tobehavewellinthelonely,losingbattlewithlifeistoshow“graceunderpower”andconstitutesinitselfakindofvictory,athemeclearlyestablishedinTheoldmanandthesea、

AFarewelltoarms

Ishennyagoodsoldier?

No、heescapedandsaidgoodbyetoaimless,meaninglesswarandrantoSwitzerland、Itisnotourwar、Heisanti-warthinkinglovemaybedisastrous,bringdeath、Somanshouldbecold、

6、WilliamFaulkner,Southern 

writer 

TheSoundandtheFury《喧哗与骚动》,Absalom,Absalom、Godown,moses、Lightinaugust、

故事发生地:

fictional 

YoknapatawphaCounty

四大家族:

主题:

Theburdenofhistory;

theSouth’sconservativeculture;

theSouth’stroubledhistory;

family;

theland;

religion;

guilt;

identity;

death;

thesearchfortheredemptivemeaningoflife、

Writingfeatures:

1、streamofconsciousnessandinteriormonologue、

2、multiplepointofview

3、Violationofchronology

4、anti-hero:

weak,fable（寓言,无稽之谈）,vulnerable,

5、mythologicalpatternandopenending

7、TheColorPurple

AliceWalker南方黑人女性作家alic

主人公:

Celie&

Nettie

论述:

Sophia:

“AllmylifeIhadtofight、Ihadtofightmydaddy、Ihadtofightmyuncles、Ihadtofightmybrothers、Agirlchildain'

tsafeinafamilyofmen,butIain'

tneverthoughtI'

dhavetofightinmyownhouse!

”

TheColorPurpleisanepistolary（书信体得）novel,madeupof91letterswrittenbyCelieandhersisterNettie、TakingplacemostlyinruralGeorgia,thestoryfocusesonblackfemalelifeduringthe1930sintheSouthernUnitedStates、

8、TheBluestEye

ToniMorrison其她作品:

SongofSolomon;

Beloved、

PecolaBreedlove:

inferiorityplex,

（说过要考几种literaryformfiction,poetry,drama）

AmericanDrama

Whatisdrama:

adramaisaworkofliteratureorpositionwhichdelineateslifeandhumanactivitiesbymeansofpresentingvariousactions,anddialoguesbetweenagroupofcharactersanditisdesignedfortheatricalpresentation、

Elements:

plot,character,theme,diction（措辞）,musicandauditoryaspectofaplay、

1920s:

littletheatermovementbeganafter1912Washingtonsquareplayers、Theyarefreefromtheconventionaltheaterandcanbeasexperimentalastheylike、

1930s:

EugeneO’Neil

Postwar:

ArthurMiller

60s:

theaterofabsurd:

EdwardAlbee

1.美国最早得剧作家:

WilliamDarby

代表作:

YeBareandYeCubb

2.一定会考第一位获得诺贝尔奖得剧作家:

EugeneO’Neil被称为“剧作家之父”

NeiliscreditedwithraisingAmericadramatheaterfromitsnarroworiginstoanartfromrespectedaroundtheworld、HeisregardedasAmerica’spremierplaywright、

Feature:

introducetheEuropeantheatricaltrendsofrealism,naturalismandexpressionismtotheAmericanstageasdevicestoexpresshisprehensiveinterestinhislifeandhumanity、Hispurposeittogettherootifhumandesiresandfrustrations,disappointmentsandperplexities、Asresulthistragicandnihilisticviewoflife,hiswordsingeneral,indicatedchaosandhopelessness、

Thelongdaysjourney

Theemperorjones

Thehairyape

写作风格:

realism,naturalism,expressionism

TheEmperorJones,TheLongDaysJourneyIntoNight,TheHairyApe

Hispurposeistogettherootofhumandesiresandfrustrations、

3.ArthurMiller应该不会考

DeathofaSalesman、

Maincharacters:

WillyLoman,BiffLoman

4.TennesseeWilliams代表作:

AStreetCarNamedDesire应该会考

流派:

TheateroftheAbsurd荒谬派

Beckett

Features:

thebasicassumption:

humanlifelackscoherenceandischaotic、Lifeoperateswithoutrules、

Theworldismeaningless,sotheplayappearstobemeaningless、

Itexaminestheproblemsoflifeanddeath,ofisolationandmunication

Itsatirizespeoplewhoareunawareoftheultimatereality:

death

Inabsurddrama,situationismoreimportantthancharacteristicsandevents、Thedramatistswanttoshowpeoplewhattheirsituationis、Therefore,heconstructsaplaywhichpresentsapictureoftheuniversalsituation、Oneresultoftheseisthatthecharactersaresooftenicandhumorous、

5.EdwardAlbee

TheZooStory,Who’safraidofVirginiaWoolf?

6.post-moderism

post-modernismisaplicatedterm,orsetofideas,onethathasonlyemergedasamareaofacademicstudysincethemid-90s、postmoderationishardtodefinebecauseitis

A.Anemphasizeonimpressionismandsubjectivityinwriting、Itemphasizeonhowseeing（orreadingorperceptionitself）takespalce、

B.Amovementawayfromtheapparentobjectivityprob=videdbyomniscientthird-personnarrators,fixednarrativepointsofviewandclearcutmoralpositions、

C.Ablurringofdestitutionbetweengenressothatpoetryseemsmoredominatingandproseseemsmorepoetic、

D.Anemphasizeonfragmentedforms,discontinuousnarratives,andrandom-seemingcollagesofdifferentmaterials、

E.Atendencytowardreflexivity,orself-consciousabouttheproductionofself-consciousnessabouttheproductionoftheworkofart,sothateachpiececallsattentiontoitsownstatusasaproduction,assthconstructedandconsumedinparticularways、

F.Arejectionofelaborateformalaestheticsinfavorofminimalistdesigns（asinthepoemofwilliams）andareject