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Fitzgerald:
tenderisthenight,allthesadyoungman,therichboy,
2、WhatisLostGeneration?
①ItisatermtodescribeagroupofAmericanintellectuals,poets,artistsandwriterswhofledtoFranceinthepostWWIyearstorejectthevaluesofAmericanmaterialismandtoseekthebohemianlifestyleinParis、
②Itisfullofyouthfulidealism,seekingthemeaningoflife,drankexcessively,haveloveaffairs,creatingsomeofthefinestAmericanliteraturetodate、
③AmericanpoetGertrudeSteincoinedthisexpression,speakingtoHemingway,shesaid,youareallalostgeneration、thetermstuckthemystiquesurroundingtheseindividualscontinuestofancyus、
④Mainrepresentatives:
F、Scott、Fitzgerald,ErnestHemingway,JohnDosPassos
3、Whatismodernism?
Mainfeatures、
Aculturalmovementthatgenerallyincludestheprogressiveartandarchitecture,design,literature,music,dance,paintingandothervisualartswhichemergedinthebeginningofthe20century,particularlyintheyearsfollowingWWI、Itwasamovementofartistsanddesignerswhorebelledagainstlate19thcenturyacademicandhistorictradition,andembracedtheneweconomic,socialandpoliticalaspectsoftheemergingmodernworld、
Theavant-gardemovementsthatfollowedincludingimpressionism,post-impressionism,cubism(立体主义),futurism,expressionism,contructivism(构成主义)aregenerallydefinedasmodernism
、
4、TheGreatGatsby
作者:
F、ScottFitzgerald
男女主人公:
JayGatsby
&
DaisyFayBuchanan
WhyisGatsbygreat?
Whydidhedie?
Hisflawsincharacteristics:
Naive,innocent,ideal
正就是因为美国社会缺乏盖茨比精神,社会不重视精神世界得充实,人们经历spiritualemptiness,所以盖茨比伟大。
Post-wardelusion(迷幻,错觉)
“Sowebeaton,boatsagainstthecurrent,bornebackceaselesslyintothepast、”
几个重点背景:
roaringtwenties,jazzage,thelostgeneration,Americandream
5、ErnestHemingway
主要作品:
TheSunAlsoRises《太阳照常升起》
AFarewelltoArms《永别了,武器》FredericHenry&
CatherineBarkley
ForWhomtheBellTolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》
TheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》Santiago
“Manisnotmadefordebeat…Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated、”FromTheOldManandtheSea
WhatisHemingwayCodeHero?
Hiswritingstyle、WhatisIceberg-principle?
海明威得writingstyle:
Heroiccode:
Hemingwayhashisownunderstandingofhero、Whattheherodoesistofaceadversitywithgrace、Heemphasizesself-controlandotherfactsofhisideaofmanhood、Whatpeopleachieveorfailatexternalisnotassignificanttoheroismasportingourselveswithinnernobility、AsSantiagosays,manisnotmadefordefeated、Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated、
Colloquialstyle
Emphasisonemotion
Iceburgtheory
Shortstory:
manwithoutwomen
Wintertakesnothing
主题主要就是:
lifeanddeath,experienceandthemeaningoflife,thephysicalandpsychologicalwoundofthesoldier、
Hemingway’swritingstyle:
simple,telegraphic,natural,direct,clear,fresh,terse(简洁得,精练得),controversial,monlyfound,fundamentalwords,leanandemotional,simplesentences,iceburgprinciple,symbolism、Hisstyleisprobablythemostwidelyimitatedofanyinthe20thcentury、Heisgenerallyknownforhis“masteryoftheartofmodernnarration”、Heoncesaid,thedignityofmovementofaniceburgisduetoonly1/8ofitabovewater、AccordingtoH,goodliteraturewritingshouldbeabletomakereadersfeeltheemotionofthecharactersdirectlyandthebestwaytoproducetheeffectistosetdownexactlyeveryparticularkindoffeelingwithoutanyauthorizedments,withoutconventionallyemotivelanguage,andwithabareminimumofadj,andmodifiers、Hisfictionusuallyfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslive--soldiers,fisherman,athletes,whomeetthepainanddifficultiesoftheirexistencewithstoic(坚忍得,苦修得)courage、Hiscelebratedlitstylheisdirect,terseandoftenmonotonous,yetparticularlysuitedtohiselementalsubjectmatter、Masculine,manofaction,self-discipline,terse、
TheHemingwayherocode
ItreferstosomeprotagonistsinHemingway’sworks、InthegeneralsituationofHemingway’snovels,lifeisfulloftensionandbattles、Theworldisinchaosandmanisalwaysfightingalosingbattle、Thosewhosurviveandperhapsemergevictoriousintheprocessofseekingtomasterthecodewithasetofprinciplessuchashonor,courage,endurance,wisdom,disciplineanddignityareknownasHemingwaycode、Tobehavewellinthelonely,losingbattlewithlifeistoshow“graceunderpower”andconstitutesinitselfakindofvictory,athemeclearlyestablishedinTheoldmanandthesea、
AFarewelltoarms
Ishennyagoodsoldier?
No、heescapedandsaidgoodbyetoaimless,meaninglesswarandrantoSwitzerland、Itisnotourwar、Heisanti-warthinkinglovemaybedisastrous,bringdeath、Somanshouldbecold、
6、WilliamFaulkner,Southern
writer
TheSoundandtheFury《喧哗与骚动》,Absalom,Absalom、Godown,moses、Lightinaugust、
故事发生地:
fictional
YoknapatawphaCounty
四大家族:
主题:
Theburdenofhistory;
theSouth’sconservativeculture;
theSouth’stroubledhistory;
family;
theland;
religion;
guilt;
identity;
death;
thesearchfortheredemptivemeaningoflife、
Writingfeatures:
1、streamofconsciousnessandinteriormonologue、
2、multiplepointofview
3、Violationofchronology
4、anti-hero:
weak,fable(寓言,无稽之谈),vulnerable,
5、mythologicalpatternandopenending
7、TheColorPurple
AliceWalker南方黑人女性作家alic
主人公:
Celie&
Nettie
论述:
Sophia:
“AllmylifeIhadtofight、Ihadtofightmydaddy、Ihadtofightmyuncles、Ihadtofightmybrothers、Agirlchildain'
tsafeinafamilyofmen,butIain'
tneverthoughtI'
dhavetofightinmyownhouse!
”
TheColorPurpleisanepistolary(书信体得)novel,madeupof91letterswrittenbyCelieandhersisterNettie、TakingplacemostlyinruralGeorgia,thestoryfocusesonblackfemalelifeduringthe1930sintheSouthernUnitedStates、
8、TheBluestEye
ToniMorrison其她作品:
SongofSolomon;
Beloved、
PecolaBreedlove:
inferiorityplex,
(说过要考几种literaryformfiction,poetry,drama)
AmericanDrama
Whatisdrama:
adramaisaworkofliteratureorpositionwhichdelineateslifeandhumanactivitiesbymeansofpresentingvariousactions,anddialoguesbetweenagroupofcharactersanditisdesignedfortheatricalpresentation、
Elements:
plot,character,theme,diction(措辞),musicandauditoryaspectofaplay、
1920s:
littletheatermovementbeganafter1912Washingtonsquareplayers、Theyarefreefromtheconventionaltheaterandcanbeasexperimentalastheylike、
1930s:
EugeneO’Neil
Postwar:
ArthurMiller
60s:
theaterofabsurd:
EdwardAlbee
1.美国最早得剧作家:
WilliamDarby
代表作:
YeBareandYeCubb
2.一定会考第一位获得诺贝尔奖得剧作家:
EugeneO’Neil被称为“剧作家之父”
NeiliscreditedwithraisingAmericadramatheaterfromitsnarroworiginstoanartfromrespectedaroundtheworld、HeisregardedasAmerica’spremierplaywright、
Feature:
introducetheEuropeantheatricaltrendsofrealism,naturalismandexpressionismtotheAmericanstageasdevicestoexpresshisprehensiveinterestinhislifeandhumanity、Hispurposeittogettherootifhumandesiresandfrustrations,disappointmentsandperplexities、Asresulthistragicandnihilisticviewoflife,hiswordsingeneral,indicatedchaosandhopelessness、
Thelongdaysjourney
Theemperorjones
Thehairyape
写作风格:
realism,naturalism,expressionism
TheEmperorJones,TheLongDaysJourneyIntoNight,TheHairyApe
Hispurposeistogettherootofhumandesiresandfrustrations、
3.ArthurMiller应该不会考
DeathofaSalesman、
Maincharacters:
WillyLoman,BiffLoman
4.TennesseeWilliams代表作:
AStreetCarNamedDesire应该会考
流派:
TheateroftheAbsurd荒谬派
Beckett
Features:
thebasicassumption:
humanlifelackscoherenceandischaotic、Lifeoperateswithoutrules、
Theworldismeaningless,sotheplayappearstobemeaningless、
Itexaminestheproblemsoflifeanddeath,ofisolationandmunication
Itsatirizespeoplewhoareunawareoftheultimatereality:
death
Inabsurddrama,situationismoreimportantthancharacteristicsandevents、Thedramatistswanttoshowpeoplewhattheirsituationis、Therefore,heconstructsaplaywhichpresentsapictureoftheuniversalsituation、Oneresultoftheseisthatthecharactersaresooftenicandhumorous、
5.EdwardAlbee
TheZooStory,Who’safraidofVirginiaWoolf?
6.post-moderism
post-modernismisaplicatedterm,orsetofideas,onethathasonlyemergedasamareaofacademicstudysincethemid-90s、postmoderationishardtodefinebecauseitis
A.Anemphasizeonimpressionismandsubjectivityinwriting、Itemphasizeonhowseeing(orreadingorperceptionitself)takespalce、
B.Amovementawayfromtheapparentobjectivityprob=videdbyomniscientthird-personnarrators,fixednarrativepointsofviewandclearcutmoralpositions、
C.Ablurringofdestitutionbetweengenressothatpoetryseemsmoredominatingandproseseemsmorepoetic、
D.Anemphasizeonfragmentedforms,discontinuousnarratives,andrandom-seemingcollagesofdifferentmaterials、
E.Atendencytowardreflexivity,orself-consciousabouttheproductionofself-consciousnessabouttheproductionoftheworkofart,sothateachpiececallsattentiontoitsownstatusasaproduction,assthconstructedandconsumedinparticularways、
F.Arejectionofelaborateformalaestheticsinfavorofminimalistdesigns(asinthepoemofwilliams)andareject