IB Biology Vocabulary by Topic syllabusIB 国际课程生物词汇Word文档格式.docx

IB Biology Vocabulary by Topic syllabusIB 国际课程生物词汇Word文档格式.docx

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33.binaryfission

2.3Eukaryoticcells

34.freeribosomes

35.roughendoplasmicreticulum（ER）

36.smoothendoplasmicreticulum（ER）

37.lysosome

38.Golgiapparatus

39.mitochondrion

40.nucleus

41.nuclearenvelope

42.cytoplasm

43.70Sribosomes

44.80Sribosomes

partmentalization

46.animalcellvs.plantcell

47.extracellularcomponents

48.cellwall

49.glycoproteins

50.extracellularmatrix

2.4Membranes

51.plasmamembrane

52.phospholipidbilayer

53.cholesterol

54.glycoproteins

55.integralproteins

56.peripheralproteins

57.hydrophobic

58.hydrophilic

59.phospholipid

60.membraneproteins

61.hormonebindingsites

62.immobilizedenzymes

63.celladhesion

64.cell-to-cellcommunication

65.channelsforpassivetransport

66.pumpsforactivetransport

67.passivetransport

68.activetransport

69.diffusion

70.osmosis

71.simplediffusion

72.facilitateddiffusion

73.membranefluidity

74.endocytosis

75.exocytosis

2.5CellDivision

76.cellcycle

77.interphase

78.G1

79.S

80.G2

81.mitosis

82.cytokinesis

83.tumor

84.cancer

85.proteinsynthesis

86.DNAreplication

87.prophase

88.metaphase

89.anaphase

90.telophase

91.supercoilingofchromosomes

92.spindlemicrotubules

93.centromeres

94.chromosomes

95.poles

96.nuclearmembranes

Topic3:

TheChemistryofLife

3.1ChemicalElementsandWater

1.element

2.carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen

3.sulfur,calcium,phosphorus,iron,sodium

4.polarity

5.hydrogenbond

6.thermal

7.cohesive

8.solvent

9.coolant

10.medium（formetabolicreactions/transport）

3.2Carbohydrates,Lipids,andProteins

11.organic

12.inorganic

13.aminoacid

14.glucose

15.ribose

16.fattyacid

17.monosaccharide

18.disaccharide

19.polysaccharide

20.glucose

21.galactose

22.fructose

23.maltose

24.lactose

25.sucrose

26.starch

27.glycogen

28.cellulose

29.condensation/dehydrationsynthesis

30.hydrolysis

31.glycerol

32.triglycerides

33.polypeptides

34.lipid

35.carbohydrate

36.protein

37.nucleicacid

3.3DNAStructure

38.DNA

39.nucleotide

40.deoxyribose

41.nitrogenbase

42.phosphate

43.adenine

44.guanine

45.cytosine

46.thymine

47.covalentbond

plementary

49.hydrogenbond

50.doublehelix

3.4DNAReplication

51.Replication

52.helicase

53.DNApolymerase

54.semi-conservative

3.5TranscriptionandTranslation

55.RNA

56.transcription

57.RNApolymerase

58.geneticcode

59.basetriplets

60.translation

61.polypeptide

62.messengerRNA（mRNA）

63.transferRNA（tRNA）

64.codon

65.anticodon

66.ribosome

67.aminoacid

68.gene

3.6Enzymes

69.enzyme

70.activesite

71.enzyme-substratespecificity

72.pH

73.substrateconcentration

74.inducedfitmodel

75.denaturation

76.lactase

3.7CellRespiration

77.cellrespiration

78.ATP

79.glycolysis

80.pyruvate

81.anaerobic

82.lactate

83.ethanol

84.carbondioxide

85.mitochondrion

3.8Photosynthesis

86.photosynthesis

87.energy

88.wavelengths

89.chlorophyll

90.pigment

91.absorption

92.photolysis

93.carbonfixation

94.organicmolecules

95.biomass

Topic4:

Genetics

4.1Chromosomes,genes,allelesandmutations

1.gene

2.allele

3.genome

4.heritable

5.genemutation

6.basesubstitution

7.sickle-cellanemia

4.2Meiosis

8.meiosis

9.reductiondivision

10.diploid

11.haploid

12.homologouschromosome

13.crossingover

14.StagesofMeiosis

a.ProphaseI

b.MetaphaseI

c.AnaphaseI

d.TelophaseI

e.ProphaseI

f.MetaphaseI

g.AnaphaseI

h.TelophaseI

15.Cytokinesis

16.non-disjunction

17.Downsyndrome（trisomy21）

18.karyotype

19.chorionicvillussampling

20.amniocentesis

21.pre-natal

4.3Theoreticalgenetics

22.genotype

23.phenotype

24.allele

25.dominantallele

26.recessiveallele

27.codominantalleles

28.locus

29.homozygous

30.heterozygous

31.carrier

32.testcross

33.monohybridcross

34.Punnettgrid

35.multiplealleles

36.ABObloodgroups

37.sexchromosomes

38.sexlinkage

39.X-linked

40.colourblindness

41.hemophilia

42.pedigree

4.4Geneticengineeringandbiotechnology

43.Polymerasechainreaction（PCR）

44.gelelectrophoresis

45.DNAprofiling

46.electricfield

47.paternity

48.forensics

49.HumanGenomeProject

50.genetransfer

51.geneticengineering

52.hostcell

53.restrictionenzymes（endonucleases）

54.DNAligase

55.plasmid

56.recombinant

57.genecloning

58.geneticallymodified

59.clone

60.reproductivecloning

61.therapeuticcloning

Topic5:

Ecologyandevolution

5.1Communitiesandecosystems

1.species

2.habitat

3.population

munity

5.ecosystem

6.ecology

7.autotroph

8.heterotroph

9.consumers

10.detritivores

11.saptrotrophs

12.foodchain

13.foodweb

14.trophiclevel

15.energyflow

16.energytransformations

17.pyramidsofenergy

18.nutrients

19.decomposers

a.saprotrophicbacteria

b.fungi

5.2Thegreenhouseeffect

20.carboncycle

21.biosphere

22.photosynthesis

23.respiration

24.fossilization

bustion

26.carbondioxide

27.methane

28.oxidesofnitrogen

29.precautionaryprinciple

30.thegreenhouseeffect

31.globalwarming

32.detritus

33.permafrost

5.3Populations

34.population

35.natality

36.immigration

37.mortality

38.emigration

39.sigmoid（S-shaped）populationgrowthcurve

40.exponentialgrowthphase

41.transitionalphase

42.plateauphase

5.4Evolution

43.evolution

44.CharlesDarwin

45.selectionpressure

46.evidence

47.fossilrecord

48.selectivebreeding

49.homologousstructures

50.population

51.offspring

52.struggleforsurvival

53.variation

54.species

55.sexualreproduction

56.naturalselection

57.antibioticresistance

58.heritablevariations

5.5Classification

59.binomialnomenclature

60.CarolusLinnaeus

61.hierarchyoftaxa

62.kingdom

63.phylum

64.class

65.order

66.family

67.genus

68.species

69.bryophyta

70.filicinophyta

71.coniferophyta

72.angiospermophyta

73.porifera

idaria

75.platyhelminthes

76.annelida

77.mollusca

78.arthropoda

79.invertebrate

80.dichotomouskey

Topic6:

Humanhealthandphysiology

6.1Digestion

1.digestion

2.enzymes

3.substrate

4.product

5.optimumpH

6.amylase

7.protease

8.lipase

9.mouth

10.esophagus

11.stomach

12.smallintestine

13.largeintestine（colon）

14.anus

15.liver

16.pancreas

17.gallbladder

18.absorption

19.assimilation

20.villus

6.2Thetransportsystem

21.heart

22.4chambersoftheheart

23.atria

24.ventricles

25.bloodvessels

26.valves

27.atrio-ventricularvalves

28.semilunarvalves

29.coronaryarteries

30.myogenicmusclecontraction

31.pacemaker

32.medullaofthebrain

33.epinephrine

34.arteries

35.capillaries

36.veins

37.plasma

38.erythrocytes

39.leucocytes

a.phagocytes

b.lymphocytes

40.platelets

41.carbondioxide

42.oxygen

43.hormones

44.antibodies

45.urea

46.d

6.3Defenceagainstinfectiousdisease

47.pathogen

48.virus

49.bacteria

50.antibiotics

51.mucousmembranes

52.phagocyticleucocytes

53.ingest

54.antigens

55.antibodies

56.HIV

57.immunesystem

6.4Gasexchange

58.ventilation

59.gasexchange

60.cellrespiration

61.trachea

62.lungs

63.bronchi

64.bronchioles

65.alveoli

66.capillaries

67.intercostalmuscles

68.diaphragm

69.abdominalmuscles

6.5Nerves,hormonesandhomeostasis

70.centralnervoussystem（CNS）

71.peripheralnerves

72.neurons

73.electricalimpulses

74.motorneuron

75.dendrites

76.cellbody

77.axon

78.myelinsheath

79.nodesofRanvier

80.motorendplates

81.receptors

82.sensoryneurons

83.relayneurons

84.effectors

85.restingpotential

86.actionpotential

87.depolarization

88.repolarization

89.Sodiumions

90.potassiumions

91.synaptictransmission

92.neurotransmitter

93.post-synapticmembrane

94.endocrinesystem

95.glands

96.hormones

97.homeostasis

98.negativefeedback

99.hypothalamus

100.sweatglands

101.skinarterioles

102.shivering

103.glucagon

104.insulin

105.alphacells

106.betacells

107.typeIdiabetes

108.typeIIdiabetes

6.6Reproduction

109.menstrualcycle

110.FSH

111.LH

112.estrogen

113.progesterone

114.ovulation

115.endometrium

116.testosterone

117.pre-natal

118.invitrofertilization

Topic7:

Nucleicacidsandproteins

7.1DNAStructure

1.DNA

2.antiparallel

3.3’

4.5’

5.hydrogenbonding

6.purines

7.pyrimidines

8.nucleosomes

9.histone

10.supercoilingofchromosomes

11.chromosome

12.transcription

13.uniqueorsingle-copygenes

14.highlyrepetitivesequences（satelliteDNA）

15.gene

16.exon

17.intron

7.2DNAreplication

18.DNAreplication

19.prokaryotes

20.eukaryotes

21.helicase

22.DNApolymeraseIII

23.DNApolymeraseI

24.RNAprimase

25.DNAligase

26.Okazakifragments

27.deoxynucleosidetriphosphates

7.3Transcription

28.transcription

29.sensestrand（codingstrand）

30.antisensestrand（templatestrand）

31.promoterregion

32.RNApolymerase

33.nucleosidetriphosphates

34.terminator

35.eukaryoticRNA

36.introns

37.maturemRNA

7.4Translation

38.tran