比尔盖茨Word格式文档下载.docx

比尔盖茨Word格式文档下载.docx

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BillGateswasborninSeattle,WashingtontoWilliamH.Gates,Sr.,acorporatelawyer,andMaryMaxwellGates,boardmemberofFirstInterstateBank,PacificNorthwestBellandthenationalboardofUnitedWay.GateswenttoLakesideSchool,Seattle'

smostexclusiveprepschool,andlateronwenttostudyatHarvardUniversity,butdroppedoutwithoutgraduating.

WhilehewasastudentatHarvard,heco-authoredwithPaulAllentheoriginalAltairBASICinterpreterfortheAltair8800（thefirstcommerciallysuccessfulpersonalcomputer）inthemid1970s.ItwasinspiredbyBASIC,aneasy-to-learnprogramminglanguagedevelopedatDartmouthCollegeforteachingpurposes.

GatesmarriedMelindaFrenchonJanuary1,1994.Theyhavethreechildren,JenniferKatharineGates（1996）,RoryJohnGates（1999）andPhoebeAdeleGates（2002）.Theyliveinaverylargeearth-shelteredhomeinthesideofahilloverlookingLakeWashington.Itisaverymodern21stcenturyhouseinthe"

Pacificlodge"

style,withadvancedelectricalandelectronicsystemseverywhere.Inonerespectthoughitismorelikean18thor19thcenturymansion:

Ithasalargeprivatelibrarywithadomedreadingroom.Alsoin1994,heacquiredtheCodexLeicester,acollectionofwritingsbyLeonardodaVinci;

asof2003itwasondisplayattheSeattleArtMuseum.In1997,GateswasthevictimofabizarreextortionplotbyChicagoresidentAdamQuinnPletcher.Gatestestifiedatthesubsequenttrial.PletcherwasconvictedandsentencedinJuly1998tosixyearsinprison.

n1975,GatesandAllenco-foundedMicrosoftCorporationtomarkettheirversionofBASIC,calledMicrosoftBASIC.ItwastheprimaryinterpretedcomputerlanguageoftheMS-DOSoperatingsystem,andwaskeytoMicrosoft'

searlycommercialsuccess.

InFebruary1976,GateswrotetheOpenLettertoHobbyists,whichshockedthecomputerhobbyistcommunitybyassertingthatacommercialmarketexistedforcomputersoftware.Gatesstatedintheletterthatsoftwareshouldnotbecopiedwithoutthepublisher'

spermission,whichheequatedtopiracy.Whilelegallycorrect,Gates'

sproposalwasunprecedentedinacommunitythatwasinfluencedbyitshamradiolegacyandhackerethic,inwhichinnovationsandknowledgewerefreelysharedinthecommunity.Nevertheless,Gateswasrightaboutthemarketprospectsandhiseffortspaidoff:

MicrosoftCorporationbecameoneoftheworld'

smostsuccessfulcommercialenterprises,andakeyplayerinthecreationofaretailsoftwareindustry.

Microsoft'

skeymomentcamewheninthelate1970s,IBMwasplanningtoenterthepersonalcomputermarketwithitsIBMPersonalComputer（PC）,whichwasreleasedin1981.GateslicensedMS-DOStoIBM,whichithadacquiredfromalocalcomputermanufacturer.ThestoryofhowMicrosoftacquiredtheoriginalsystem（QDOS）hasinspiredmuchfolklore,whichoftenportraysGatespouncingonatrivialmistakebyDigitalResearchandstealingthatcompany'

sleadinmicrocomputeroperatingsystems.ItisfrequentlycitedbythosewhoaccuseGatesofunethicalbusinesspractices.BymarketingMS-DOSaggressivelytomanufacturersofIBM-PCclones,Microsoftgainedunprecedentedvisibilityinthemicrocomputerindustry,evenrivallingIBM.

以上是比尔·

盖茨以及他的家

盖茨

WilliamHenry"

Bill"

GatesIII（bornOctober28,1955）[2]isanAmericanbusinessmagnate,philanthropist,andchairman[3]ofMicrosoft,thesoftwarecompanyhefoundedwithPaulAllen.Heisconsistentlyrankedamongtheworld'

swealthiestpeople[4]andthewealthiestoverallfrom1995to2010,excluding2007.[1]DuringhiscareeratMicrosoft,GatesheldthepositionsofCEOandchiefsoftwarearchitect,andremainsthelargestindividualshareholderwithmorethan8percentofthecommonstock.[5]Hehasalsoauthoredorco-authoredseveralbooks.

Gatesisoneofthebest-knownentrepreneursofthepersonalcomputerrevolution.Althoughheisadmiredbymany,anumberofindustryinsiderscriticizehisbusinesstactics,whichtheyconsideranti-competitive,anopinionwhichhasinsomecasesbeenupheldbythecourts（seeCriticismofMicrosoft）.[6][7]Inthelaterstagesofhiscareer,Gateshaspursuedanumberofphilanthropicendeavors,donatinglargeamountsofmoneytovariouscharitableorganizationsandscientificresearchprogramsthroughtheBill&

MelindaGatesFoundation,establishedin2000.

BillGatessteppeddownaschiefexecutiveofficerofMicrosoftinJanuary2000.Heremainedaschairmanandcreatedthepositionofchiefsoftwarearchitect.InJune,2006,Gatesannouncedthathewouldbetransitioningfromfull-timeworkatMicrosofttopart-timeworkandfull-timeworkattheBill&

MelindaGatesFoundation.HegraduallytransferredhisdutiestoRayOzzie,chiefsoftwarearchitectandCraigMundie,chiefresearchandstrategyofficer.Gates'

lastfull-timedayatMicrosoftwasJune27,2008.HeremainsatMicrosoftasnon-executivechairman.

可以从这里开始：

Earlylife

GateswasborninSeattle,Washington,toWilliamH.Gates,Sr.andMaryMaxwellGates,ofEnglish,German,andScotch-Irishdescent.[8][9]Hisfamilywasuppermiddleclass;

hisfatherwasaprominentlawyer,hismotherservedontheboardofdirectorsforFirstInterstateBancSystemandtheUnitedWay,andherfather,J.W.Maxwell,wasanationalbankpresident.Gateshasoneeldersister,Kristi（Kristianne）,andoneyoungersister,Libby.Hewasthefourthofhisnameinhisfamily,butwasknownasWilliamGatesIIIor"

Trey"

becausehisfatherhaddroppedhisown"

III"

suffix.[10]Earlyoninhislife,Gates'

parentshadalawcareerinmindforhim.[11]

At13heenrolledintheLakesideSchool,anexclusivepreparatoryschool.[12]Whenhewasintheeighthgrade,theMothersClubattheschoolusedproceedsfromLakesideSchool'

srummagesaletobuyanASR-33teletypeterminalandablockofcomputertimeonaGeneralElectric（GE）computerfortheschool'

sstudents.[13]GatestookaninterestinprogrammingtheGEsysteminBASICandwasexcusedfrommathclassestopursuehisinterest.Hewrotehisfirstcomputerprogramonthismachine:

animplementationoftic-tac-toethatalloweduserstoplaygamesagainstthecomputer.Gateswasfascinatedbythemachineandhowitwouldalwaysexecutesoftwarecodeperfectly.Whenhereflectedbackonthatmoment,hecommentedonitandsaid,"

Therewasjustsomethingneataboutthemachine."

[14]AftertheMothersClubdonationwasexhausted,heandotherstudentssoughttimeonsystemsincludingDECPDPminicomputers.OneofthesesystemswasaPDP-10belongingtoComputerCenterCorporation（CCC）,whichbannedfourLakesidestudents—Gates,PaulAllen,RicWeiland,andKentEvans—forthesummerafteritcaughtthemexploitingbugsintheoperatingsystemtoobtainfreecomputertime.[15]

Attheendoftheban,thefourstudentsofferedtofindbugsinCCC'

ssoftwareinexchangeforcomputertime.Ratherthanusethesystemviateletype,GateswenttoCCC'

sofficesandstudiedsourcecodeforvariousprogramsthatranonthesystem,includingprogramsinFORTRAN,LISP,andmachinelanguage.ThearrangementwithCCCcontinueduntil1970,whenthecompanywentoutofbusiness.Thefollowingyear,InformationSciencesInc.hiredthefourLakesidestudentstowriteapayrollprograminCOBOL,providingthemcomputertimeandroyalties.Afterhisadministratorsbecameawareofhisprogrammingabilities,Gateswrotetheschool'

scomputerprogramtoschedulestudentsinclasses.Hemodifiedthecodesothathewasplacedinclasseswithmostlyfemalestudents.Helaterstatedthat"

itwashardtotearmyselfawayfromamachineatwhichIcouldsounambiguouslydemonstratesuccess."

[14]Atage17,GatesformedaventurewithAllen,calledTraf-O-Data,tomaketrafficcountersbasedontheIntel8008processor.[16]Inearly1973,BillGatesservedasacongressionalpageintheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives.[17]

GatesgraduatedfromLakesideSchoolin1973.Hescored1590outof1600ontheSAT[18]andenrolledatHarvardCollegeintheautumnof1973.[19]WhileatHarvard,hemetSteveBallmer,wholatersucceededGatesasCEOofMicrosoft,andcomputerscientistChristosPapadimitriou,withwhomhewroteapaperaboutpancakesorting.[20]HedidnothaveadefinitestudyplanwhileastudentatHarvard[21]andspentalotoftimeusingtheschool'

scomputers.HeremainedincontactwithPaulAllen,joininghimatHoneywellduringthesummerof1974.[22]ThefollowingyearsawthereleaseoftheMITSAltair8800basedontheIntel8080CPU,andGatesandAllensawthisastheopportunitytostarttheirowncomputersoftwarecompany.[23]Hehadtalkedthisdecisionoverwithhisparents,whoweresupportiveofhimafterseeinghowmuchGateswantedtostartacompany.[21]

Microsoft

Mainarticles:

HistoryofMicrosoftandMicrosoft

BASIC

AfterreadingtheJanuary1975issueofPopularElectronicsthatdemonstratedtheAltair8800,GatescontactedMicroInstrumentationandTelemetrySystems（MITS）,thecreatorsofthenewmicrocomputer,toinformthemthatheandotherswereworkingonaBASICinterpreterfortheplatform.[24]Inreality,GatesandAllendidnothaveanAltairandhadnotwrittencodeforit;

theymerelywantedtogaugeMITS'

sinterest.MITSpresidentEdRobertsagreedtomeetthemforademo,andoverthecourseofafewweekstheydevelopedanAltairemulatorthatranon