中考英语语法专项九动词讲解及习题文档格式.docx
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carryeasily（易搬运）
growwell（长得好）;
breakdown（抛锚）;
writewell（好写）;
comeout（出版、开花）等
hang表示状态用主动e.g.Ithangsonthestage.
2、及物动词：
后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整。
makemistakes;
borrowbooks;
findthelostchild
（二）连系动词：
①后跟形容词作表语,构成系表结构，常见的有be；
get；
become；
turn（变）;
keep（保持）;
feel（感到，摸起来）;
seem（似乎）;
smell;
taste;
sound（听起来）;
look（看上去）;
fall（asleep）;
stay（happy）保持;
go（bad）变质;
come（true）;
lastlong
②连系动词没有被动语态
（三）助动词：
do/does/did/will/would+动词原形have/has/had+动词的过去分词
（四）情态动词有：
can/could可以,能够；
may/might可以,可能；
shall/should应该；
will/would将要；
need需要；
must必须；
have/has/hadto不得不；
beableto能够
情态动词需要掌握的有：
1、情态动词后必须加动词原形，构成谓语；
2、肯定是、一定是：
mustbe；
不可能是：
can’tbe;
可能是:
maybe;
没必要：
needn’t;
禁止、不准：
mustn’t
3、---MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?
---Yes,youmust.
No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto.（Youcanfinishittomorrow.）
4、---MayIwatchTVnow?
---Yes,youmay.
No,youmustn’t.No,youcan’t.
二动词的基本形式V原,V三单,V现在分词和V过去式,V过去分词
1、V三单要在词尾加-s或-es，具体变化与名词复数的变化相同：
构成
举例
通常在动词后面+s
stay-staysenjoy-enjoys
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词+es
guess-guessesfix-fixesmix-mixescatch-catchesmarch-marchesteach-teacheswatch-watchestouch-touchesreach-reachesmatch-matchesbrush-brushespush-pushesrush-rushessearch-searcheswash-washeswish-wishes
以o结尾的词常+es
do-doesgo-goes
以辅音字母+y结尾的词要变y为i+es
carry-carriescry–criesfly-flieshurry-hurriesreply-repliesstudy-studiesworry-worries
2、V现在分词在词尾加-ing构成：
①双写的有：
swim,begin,forget,run,win,jog,sit,hit,get,let,put,cut,rub,fit,rob,nod,mop,plan,step,clap,kidnap,stop,shop,drop,trap,chat,spit,control,prefer等
②特殊的有：
lie—lying,die—dying,tie—tying
③但eat,wait,offer,suffer,listen,rain,develop,write,sweep,fix,不可双写
3、V过去式,V过去分词的变化如下：
构成
一般在动词原形末尾加ed
look-lookedplay-playedstart-started
结尾是e的动词加d
live-livedhope-hopeduse-used
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词先双写这个辅音字母,再加ed
rob-robbedmop-moppedrub-rubbednod-noddedfit-fittedstop-stoppedstep-steppedshop-shoppeddrop-droppedtrap-trappedclap-clappedplan-plannedchat-chattedcontrol-controlledprefer-preferred
变“y”为“i”再加ed
study-studiedcarry-carriedworry-worried
不规则变化
参照《词汇手册》“不规则动词表”（Page128-131）
三常用短暂动词与相应的延续动词
borrow/lend→keepbegin/start→beon/last（持续）
buy→havebegin/starttolearn…→learn…
leave→beaway（from）catchacold/virus→haveacold/virus
die→bedeadputon→wear
finish→beovergetup→beup
open→beopenget/becomeangry→beangry
close→beclosedfallasleep→beasleep
cometo/arriveat/in/getto/reach→bein/atgetmarried→bemarried
jointheLeague→beintheLeague/bealeaguemember
四动词的时态
时态
范畴
时态名称
肯定句谓语构成
常用时间状语
现
在
范畴的
时
态
1.一般现在时
V原或V三单
always,usually,often,sometimes,onSundays,
inthemorning,atweekends,everyweek/year等；
if,when,assoonas,until,after,before,unless等引导的状语从句中
e.g.Thelittleboyoftengoestobedearlyatnight.
2.一般将来时
am/is/aregoingto+V原
will+V原
thedayaftertomorrow,soon,tonight,nextweek,lateron,thisSunday
in+一段时间,Howsoon,by+将来时间
e.g.Therewillbeaneveningpartyinourschoolthisweekend.
3.现在进行时
am/is/are+Ving
常用词now,atthemoment,atpresent,Look,Listen,或根据上下文判断
e.g.It’shalfpastsixnow.Thestudentsarehavingbreakfastinthediningroom.
4.现在完成时
have/has（助）+V-pp
①already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once
twice,sofar,inthelastfiveyears,bynow,
duringthepastfewyears,recently
overtheyears,Howmanytimes+问句
②for+一段时间;
Howlong;
主句现在完成时since从句一般过去时
（这三种句型肯定句须用延续性动词,不能和when连用）
e.g.Hehastaughtinthisschoolsincehebecameateacher.
过
去
的
5.一般过去时
V-ed
yesterday，lastmonth,in1998,
thismorning,thedaybeforeyesterday，
justnow,ago,intheolddays,inthepast
e.g.ThetwinswentbacktoAmericabyplaneaweekago.
e.g.ItisfiveyearssinceIlefthere.
6.过去进行时
was/were+V-ing
thistimeyesterday,atthattime/moment,
atnoonyesterday,from6:
00to8:
00lastnight,
含有when/while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中
e.g.TheKingswerewatchingTVwhenIknockedatthedoor.
7.过去将来时
was/weregoingto+V原
would+V原
宾语从句是一般将来时（根据时间）,但主句是过去时,应把从句中一般将来时改成过去将来时，与主句时态呼应。
e.g.Mr.Litoldusthathewouldmakeamodelplanebyhimselfthenextweek.
8.过去完成时
had（助）+V-pp
①by+过去时间或过去动作
②before,when,because引导的状语从句
③宾语从句是现在完成时（根据时间）,但主句是过去时,应把从句中的现在完成时改为过去完成时，与主句保持一致
e.g.Bythetimewegotthere,thematchhadalreadystarted.
初三英语总复习语法专题语态
动词的语态①主动语态：
主语是动作的执行者。
WespeakEnglish.
②被动语态：
主语是动作的承受者，通常为物。
Englishisspokenbyus.
1、被动语态的谓语结构be+P.P（过去分词）
2、被动语态的各种形式
★一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+P.P
★一般过去时的被动语态was/were+P.P
★一般将来时的被动语态will/shall+be+P.P
★过去将来时的被动语态would+be+P.P
★现在完成时的被动语态have/has+been+P.P
★过去完成时的被动语态had+been+P.P
★含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/shall/should+be+P.P
3、主动语态变被动语态的方法
分三步走：
主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语；
谓语变成“be+P.P结构”；
主语变成by后的宾语；
TheymakeTVsetsinthatfactory.（改为被动语态）
→TVsetsaremadebytheminthatfactory.
4、请掌握：
a）含双宾语的主动语态如何改写成被动语态
HeshowedushisphotostakeninBeijingjustnow.
→WewereshownhisphotostakeninBeijingjustnow.
→HisphotostakeninBeijingwereshowntousjustnow（byhim）.
Herfatherboughtherapresent.→Shewasboughtapresentbyherfather.
→Apresentwasboughtforherbyherfather.
提前物，show,give,offer后要加to,draw、make、buy后加for
b）make/let/see/hear/listento/watch/feel/help/noticesb.dosth.改为被动时，
主动中省略的to要补出来
Iheardthegirlsinginthenextroom.→Thegirlwasheardtosinginthenextroom.
c）动词短语的被动语态，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词
Thenursetakesgoodcareofthechild.（被动语态）
Thechildistakengoodcareofbythenurse.
5、下列情况可判断用被动语态
a）物作主语常用被动语态e.g.Unluckily,hisbikewasstolenyesterday.
b）句子中出现bysb.e.g.Nowmanykindsofworkcan_________（do）byrobots.
c）动宾搭配中，动词后面的宾语提前作了主语（如ask/tell/expectsb.todo等）
Youmay_______________（attack）bybiganimalsintheforest.
Intheolddays,theworkers______________（make）towork12hoursaday.
Don’tgetoutoftheroomuntilyou_____________to.（tell）
d）根据句意需要用被动
Whenyou_______________（give）something,youshouldsay“Thankyou.”
注意:
1.连系动词、不及物动词无被动语态
2.掌握特殊句型（主动形式表达被动含义）
①Theshirtwasheswell.这件衬衫很好洗。
②Englishisnotdifficulttolearn.英语不难学。
③Thechildishardtolookafter.这个孩子很难照看
④Thehouseneedspainting（tobepainted）.这间房子需要油漆。
⑤Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。
典型题练习：
（1）行为动词或实义动词（①及物动词take,bring等，②不及物动词come,go
等）
1.-What'
sup?
-Ican:
tstandthenoiseoutside.It'
snearly____memad.
A.keepingB.turningC.causingD.driving
2.-Haveyou____theinvitation?
-Yes,butIwon'
t____it.
A.accepted;
receiveB.receive;
acceptC.receive;
acceptedD.received;
accept
3.-What'
sthematter?
-TheysaidIwasnotallowed____here.Theydon'
tallow____inthewaitingroom.
A.smoking;
tosmokeB.tosmoke;
smokeC.tosmoke;
smokingD.smoking;
smoking
4.-Wouldyouliketo____mybirthdaypartythisSaturday?
-Sorry,Ihaveanimportantmeetingto____.
A.attend;
joinB.takepartin;
attendC.join;
takepartinD.attend;
attend
5.Youcanhardly____hersinceyoubothworkinthesamefactory.
A.avoidtomeetB.notavoidmeetingC.avoidmeetingD.notavoidtomeet
6.TiredofthecoldweatherinNewEngland,Mr.andMrs.Smithareconsidering____tothesouth.
A.tomoveB.movingC.moveD.tobemoving
7.Therearemanybooks_inthebookshop.Ican'
tdecidewhichone_____.
A.tochoose;
tochooseB.tochoose;
tochoosefrom
C.tochoosefrom;
tochooseD.choosing;
8.Youngpeoplemayrisk____deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.
A.togoB.goC.goingD.Went
9.Althoughmanygreatpeopleeverfailed,theynevergaveupand____tosucceed.
A.managedB.refusedC.heldD.offered
10.Ihad____himnottostayuplate,buthestilldidn'
tgotobeduntilmidnight.
A.letB.advisedC.promisedD.made
11.-Doyouknowthelady_mred?
-Iknowhernomatterwhatshe_______.
A.worn;
wearsB.puttingon;
dressesC.dressed;
wearsD.wears;
dresses
12.Theteacherspentplentyoftime___thesimpleproblem___theboy,buthestilldidn'
tknowhowtoworkitout.
A.onexplaining;
forB.inexplaining;
toC.explaining;
forD.toexplain;
to
13.Weareverysadandangrytohearthatthebadmilkpowder（劣质奶粉）___thedeathsofover30babies.
A.madeB.didC.broughtD.Caused
14.-Theheadteacherisalwayssayingmyhairistoolong.
-He'
sright.Ithinkyou'
dbetter_____itcut.
A.makeB.haveC.tomakeD.tohave
15.Onsummerevenings,Grandpausedto___funnystoriestouschildren.
A.speakB.sayC.tellD.talk
16.-What'
swrongwithyou,Eric?
Youlooktired.
-I___toprepareforthefinalexamlastnight.
A.pickedupB.wokeupC.stayedupD.putup
17.-HasJanedonethewashingyet?
-Youcannot___hertodosuchathing.
A.wantB.hopeC.expectD.wish
18.I'
minterestedinanimals,soI___everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.
A.payB.getC.takeD.spend
19.-Doyoufeellike___orshallwegobybus?
-Iprefertowalk,butwehave___ataxi,fortimeisshort.
A.walking;
totakeB.towalk;
takeC.walking;
takenD.towalk;
took
20.-Ifyou_anewidea,pleasecallmeassoonaspossible.
-Sure,Iwill.
A.keepupwithB.catchupwithC.feedupwithD.comeupwith
21.Billwastoldtowriteanoticeand___.
A.putoni
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