Shelley文档格式.docx

Shelley文档格式.docx

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suitablereformsoftheexistinginstitutionscouldbenevolencebeuniversallyestablished&

noneoftheevilswouldsurviveinthis"

genuinesociety"

wherepeoplecouldlivetogetherhappily,freely&

peacefully.

III.Hismajorworks

1）Lyrics:

"

ToaSkylark"

&

OdetotheWestWind"

　　In"

ToaSkylark,"

thebird,suspendedbetweenreality&

poeticimage,poursforthanexultantsongwhichsuggeststothepoetbothcelestialrapture&

humanlimitation.Bestofallthewell-knownlyricpiecesisShelley'

s"

OdetotheWestWind"

（1819）;

hereShelley'

srhapsodic&

declamatorytendenciesfindasubjectperfectlysuitedtothem.Theautumnwind,buryingthedeadyear,preparingforanewSpring,becomesanimageofShelleyhimself,ashewouldwanttobe,initsfreedom,itsdestructive-constructivepotential,itsuniversality."

IfalluponthethornsofLife!

Ibleed!

"

callstheShelleythatcouldnotbearbeingfetteredtothehumdrumrealitiesofeveryday!

Thewholepoemhasalogicoffeeling,anoteasilyanalyzableprogressionthatleadstothetriumphant,hopeful&

convincingconclusion:

Ifwintercomes,canSpringbeforebehind?

ThepoemiswrittenintheterzarimaformShelleyderivedfromhisreadingofDante.ThenervousthrillofShelley'

sresponsetonaturehoweverisheretransformedthroughthepowerofart&

imaginationintoalongingtobeunitedwithaforceatoncephysical&

prophetic.Hereisnoconservativereassurance,nocomfortablemysticism,buttheprimalamoralityofnatureitself,withitsmadfury&

itspaganruthlessness.Shelley'

sodeisaninvocationtoaprimitivedeity,apleatoexalthiminitsfury&

totrumpettheradicalprophecyofhope&

rebirth.

terzarima[意]三行体（象旦丁《神曲》中所用的诗体,三行为一节,每节的第二行与下一节的第一、三行押韵,如：

aba,bcb,cdc）

2）Poeticdrama:

PrometheusUnbound（1820）

　Shelley'

sgreatestachievementishisfour-actpoeticdrama,PrometheusUnbound.AccordingtotheGreekmythology,Prometheus,thechampionofhumanity,whohasstolenthefirefromHeaven,ispunishedbyZeustobechainedonMountCaucasus&

suffersthevulture'

sfeedingonhisliver.ShelleybasedhisdramaonPrometheusBoundbyAeschylus埃斯库罗斯,inwhichPrometheusreconcileswiththetyrantZeus.Radical&

revolutionaryasShelley,hewroteinthepreface:

Intruth,IwasaversefromacatastrophesofeebleasthatreconcilingtheChampionwiththeoppressorofMankind."

Sohegaveatotallydifferentinterpretation,transformingthecompromiseintoaliberation.WiththestrongsupportofEarth,hismother;

Asia,hisbride&

thehelpfromDemogorgon&

Hercules,Zeusisdrivenfromthethrone;

Prometheusisunbound.Theplayisanexultantworkinpraiseofhumankind'

spotential,&

Shelleyhimselfrecognizeditas"

themostperfectofmyproducts."

IV.CharacteristicsofShelley'

sPoetry

　ShelleyisoneofthelendingRomanticpoets,anintense&

originallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage.LikeBlake,hehasareputationasadifficultpoet:

erudite,imagisticallycomplex,fullofclassical&

mythologicalallusions.Hisstyleaboundsinpersonification&

metaphor&

otherfiguresofspeechwhichdescribevividlywhatwesee&

feel,orexpresswhatpassionatelymovesus.

ThemesofShelley’sPoetry

ThecentralthematicconcernsofShelley'

spoetryarelargelythesamethemesthatdefinedRomanticism,especiallyamongtheyoungerEnglishpoetsofShelley'

sera:

beauty,thepassions,nature,politicalliberty,creativity,andthesanctityoftheimagination.

V.SelectedReadings

OdetotheWestWind

PercyByssheShelleycomposedthepoem"

in1819andpublisheditin1820.Somehaveinterpretedthepoemtobeanexpressionofthespeakerlamentinghiscurrentgeolocation,butatthesametimerejoicinginthefacthis/herwrittenworkswillhaveinfluenceoverpeopleindifferentgeolocations.Morethananythingelse,Shelleywantedhismessageofreformandrevolutionspread,andthewindbecomesthetropeforspreadingthewordofchange.AlsoduringthistimePercyByssheShelleywaswritingthispoem,hewasinagreatdealofemotionpainfromthelossofhisson（Charles）.SomebelievethatthisisanotherreasonwhyShelleywroteOdetotheWestWind

OdetotheWestWind

TheEnglishodesaregenerallyofthreetypes:

（1）thePindaricode品达体，followingthepatternoriginatedbytheancientGreekpoetPindar,

（2）theCowley-styleode考利体,namedafterAbrahamCowley,anEnglishpoetofthe17thcentury,and（3）theHoratianode贺拉斯体,namedaftertheancientRomanpoetHorace.Shelley'

isoftheHoratiantype,i.e.,withstanzasofuniformlengthandarrangement.

1.By"

Ifalluponthethornsoflife,Ibleed"

Shelleytellstheworldthathecan’tbelimitedbythehumdrumrealityofeverydayandhecan’tbefetteredtothecorruptoldlife!

Hewantstobefree,proudandforcefullikethewildwestwind,todestructandconstructwiththestrongpower.

2.By"

IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

Thepoettrumpetedtheradicalprophecyofhopeandrebirth.

3.Bycalledthewestwind"

DestroyerandPreserver"

thepoetshowsusthepowerofthewestwindwhichburiedthedeadyearandtheoldworldandpreparedforanewspring.

Formofthepoem

ThepoemOdetotheWestWindconsistsoffivecantoswritteninterzarima.Eachcantoconsistsoffourtriplets（ABA,BCB,CDC,DED）andarhymingcouplet（EE）.allmeterediniambicpentameter.Therhymeschemeineachpartfollowsapatternknownasterzarima[意]三行体（象旦丁《神曲》中所用的诗体,三行为一节,每节的第二行与下一节的第一、三行押韵,如：

aba,bcb,cdc）,thethree-linerhymeschemeemployedbyDanteinhisDivineComedy.Inthethree-lineterzarimastanza,thefirstandthirdlinesrhyme,andthemiddlelinedoesnot;

thentheendsoundofthatmiddlelineisemployedastherhymeforthefirstandthirdlinesinthenextstanza.Thefinalcoupletrhymeswiththemiddlelineofthelastthree-linestanza.Thuseachofthesevenpartsof"

followsthisscheme:

ABABCBCDCDEDEE.

isoneofShelley'

sbestknownlyrics.Thepoetdescribesvividlytheactivitiesofthewestwindontheearth,intheskyandonthesea,andthenexpresseshisenvyfortheboundlessfreedomofthewestwind,andhiswishtobefreelikethewindandtoscatterhiswordsamongmankind.

ThepoemOdetotheWestWindwasthebestknownofShelley'

sshorterpoems.InthepoemthepoetdescribesvividlytheactivitiesoftheWestWindontheearth,inthesky&

onthesea,&

thenexpresseshisenvyfortheboundlessfreedomoftheWestWind&

hiswishtobefreelikethewind&

scatterhiswordsamongmankind.Hegatheredinthispoemawealthofsymbolism,employedastructuralart&

hispowersofmetricalorchestrationattheirmightiest.Theautumnwind,buryingthedeadyear,preparingforanewSpring,becomesanimageofShelleyhimself,ashewouldwanttobe,initsfreedom,itsdestructive-constructivepower,itsuniversality,"

Ifalluponthethornsoflife!

Thewholepoemhasalogicoffeeling,aprogressionthatleadstothetriumphant,hopeful&

Hereisnoreassurance,nomysticism,buttheprimalamoralityofnatureitself,withitsmadfury&

Summary

Thespeakerinvokesthe"

wildWestWind"

ofautumn,whichscattersthedeadleavesandspreadsseedssothattheymaybenurturedbythespring,andasksthatthewind,a"

destroyerandpreserver,"

hearhim.Thespeakercallsthewindthe"

dirge/Ofthedyingyear,"

anddescribeshowitstirsupviolentstorms,andagainimploresittohearhim.ThespeakersaysthatthewindstirstheMediterraneanfrom"

hissummerdreams,"

andcleavestheAtlanticintochoppychasms,makingthe"

saplessfoliage"

oftheoceantremble,andasksforathirdtimethatithearshim.

Thespeakersaysthatifhewereadeadleafthatthewindcouldbear,oraclouditcouldcarry,orawaveitcouldpush,orevenifhewere,asaboy,"

thecomrade"

ofthewind'

wanderingoverheaven,"

thenhewouldneverhaveneededtopraytothewindandinvokeitspowers.Hepleadswiththewindtolifthim"

asawave,aleaf,acloud!

--forthoughheislikethewindatheart,untamableandproud--heisnowchainedandbowedwiththeweightofhishoursupontheearth.

The