大学英语六级真题Word格式.docx

大学英语六级真题Word格式.docx

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Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesen?

tenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

MinorityReport

Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.

BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'

seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofsocalledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."

Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"

hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses.

"

Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"

saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&

MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."

Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'

sstilllargelythewhite,upperincomepopulation."

TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnonwhitestudentswanttograduatefromcollegebuttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.

Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities-graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally-butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.

Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools-Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton-showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves.

Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"

saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."

Iftheyfail,it'

stheirfault."

Somecriticsblameaffirmativeactionstudentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"

undermatched"

:

theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebillknowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'

tmakeit."

Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"

saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.

Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaidequaled28%ofmedian（中间的）familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.

Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"

Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."

ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominnercityschoolsadjusttotherigor（严格要求）andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroomandalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"

laserlikefocus"

onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost（教务长）DamonWilliams.

Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepara?

torycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnonwhitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchpro?

gramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.

Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."

Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"

saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring（辅导）ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"

partnering"

withparentsataspecialpreenrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirsteverblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.

1、Whatistheauthor'

smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?

A）Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.

B）Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.

C）Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.

D）Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.

2、WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?

A）Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.

B）ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.

C）Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.

D）Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.

3、WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?

A）Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.

B）Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.

C）Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.

D）Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.

4、HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?

A）Fifty-sixpercent. 

B）Thirty-ninepercent.

C）Fifteenpercent. 

D）Sixty-sevenpercent.

5、Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause.

A）theirstudentsworkharder 

B）theyrecruitthebeststudents

C）theirclassesaregenerallysmaller 

D）theygivestudentsmoreattention

6、HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'

failuretogetadegree?

A）Universitiesaretoblame.

B）Studentsdon'

tworkhard.

C）Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.

D）Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.

7、Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?

A）Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.

B）Theycannotaffordthehightuition.

C）Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.

D）Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.

8、Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap