大学英语四级作文模板自己整理Word文档下载推荐.docx
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仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是------例二:
ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?
1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览全书3.我的看法一、写作步骤主要分为两步:
(1)根据提示的1society.(3)Wecannotignorethatfactthat_____(inrecentyearsmanycitiesareconfrontedwiththeproblemofheavytraffic/moreandmoreyouthsdotheirutmosttopursuefurtherstudy).(4)_______(Seekingfurthereducationduringweekends/Engaginginsportsactivity)hasbecomeacommonoccurrenceinourdailylife.2.俗语或引言式1)Asanoldsayinggoes(runs,says),________(“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”/”Therearetowsidestoeverything.”2)Astheproverbgoes,______(“everycoinhastwosides”/“likefather,likeson”),______(thisissue/he)isnoexception.3)Aproverbsays,_______(“Timeismoney.”/“Afaithfulfriendishardtofind.”)Thissayingisindeedfulloftruth.3.设问法1)Doyouspendyourhoursinthesuntryingtogettheperfecttanduringsummerdays?
Doyouthinktannedskinmakesyoulook“healthy”?
Ifyouransweris“yes”,youshouldconsideryouaretakingrisk.2)Doyouhavefriendsandrelativeswhosmokewhileyouareanonsmoker?
Ifyouare,youbecomeapassivesmoke.Thismeansthatyoubreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Scientistsnowthinksomenonsmokersmaydamagetheirlungswithotherpeople’ssmokeasmuchasthepersonwhoactuallysmokestencigarettesaday.
(二)文章中心段落的架构1.段落的结构:
1)一个段落的结构应该由起始句、扩展句和结尾句组成。
很多情况下,起始句就是该段落的主题句。
扩展句对主题句进行说明和阐述,结尾句对整个段落进行收尾和总结。
有时段落中并不出现结尾句。
2)段落的主题句:
主题句要有概括性,不可太宽泛,也不可太具体。
如果太宽泛,后面的论述便无从下手;
如果太具体,后面的论述就扩展不开。
如:
Theinternetinfluenceshumanlifeverymuch.(太宽泛)/Withtheinternet,wecanmakefriendswithsomeoneinUSAthesedays.(太具体)注:
主题句可按其出现位置分为:
段首主题句/段尾主体句/段中主题句3)段落扩展句:
扩展句是段落阐发主题句的句子。
扩展句要符合一致性的原则,即要围绕主题,同时各个扩展句的安排要符合逻辑。
扩展句可以分为一级扩展句和二级扩展句。
一级扩展句的概括性较高,二级扩展句对一级扩展句作进一步的阐述。
扩展句在句中的排列要符合一定的逻辑关系,如:
时间顺序关系、空间顺序关系、列举关系、递进关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系等。
如:
Examinationsalsohavesomebadeffectsinpractice.Tobeginwith,examinationsdonotSinceexamsoftentestastudent’smemoryratherthanhisability,theyseldomcultivateastudent’screativeability.(测试的影响)本段第一句为主题句,指出考试有一些负面效果。
第2、第4和第6句为一级扩展句,从不同角度说明考试的负面影响,第3、第5句为二级扩展句,进一步阐发第2句和第4句。
2.段落的一致:
段落首先要符合一致性原则,即段落的各个句子要围绕本段的主题,要论证主2题,阐释、说明主题,不能与主题句无关,更不能与主题句相矛盾。
3.段落的连贯:
1)连贯性是指在一个段落中,各句之间的连接要顺畅,过渡要自然,表示列举和递进的衔接词及示例:
Inthefirstplace,then,finallyFirst(ly),second(ly),third(ly)Firstandforemost,second,finallyInthefirstplace,furthermore,lastlyTostartwith,moreover,last(butnotleast)Firstofall,then,then,thirdlyTobeginwith,mostimportantofall,inadditionBesides,inaddition(to),moreover,furthermore,what’smore,tomakethingsstillworseb.表示比较的衔接词会及事例:
similarly,that’stosay,likewise,inotherwords,namely,equally,rather,incomparisonwith,comparedwith,incontrastwithc.表示举例的衔接词汇及示例:
forexample,forinstance,acaseinpoint,asanillustration,inthecase,take---forinstance/exampled.表示转折的衔接词汇及示例:
however,incomparisonwith,yet,nevertheless,inspiteofthefact,onthecontrary,while,incontrast,whereas,butontheotherhand,converselye.表示因果的衔接词汇及应用示例:
So,consequently,as,asaresult,hence,therefore,thus,inconsequence,since,accordingly,asaconsequence,because,reason,factorf.表示结论的衔接词汇及示例:
inbrief,inshort,insummary,tosumup,inconclusion,toconclude,onthewhole,inaword4.段落的模板1)原因类模板模板1Justaswhathashappenedtoanytingintheworld,manyfactorsleadto_________.Ontheonehand,________._________.Ontheotherhand,________.__________.What’smore,________._______.Ourlistofcontributorscouldgoon,buttheforegoingonesarealreadyenoughtogiveusadeepinsightintothechanges.(本模板第一句的空格中应该填上某个需要解释的现象或事件,第2句提出原因1,第4句提出原因2,第6句提出原因3,第3、第5和第7句对这3个原因进行了进一步论述。
)例:
Justaswhathashappenedtoanytingintheworld,manyfactorsleadtotopachiver’ssuccess.Ontheonehand,theyarealwaysreadytocapturethefleetingbutbrightideas.Asagrowingbodyofofevidencereveals,whatseparatestheaveragepersonsfromthetopachieversistheabilitytoencouragecreativeimpulsesandthenactuponthem.Ontheotherhand,theycaneffectivelyadjusttothechangingworld.Inresponsetodifficultiesandchallengestheymanagetobringintoplayallthepositivefactors.What’smore,theirperseveranceintheirstruggleforsuccessworks.Nomatterwhatmayhappentotheirpursuits,nothingcanpullthemawayfromstrivingtowardtheirgoals.Ourlistofcontributorscouldgoon,buttheforegoingonesarealreadyenoughtogiveusadeepinsightintotheirsuccess.(成功人士成功因素)模板2Severalcausesmightcontributetothephenomenon.Theprimaryreasonliesin____.Thesecondfactorconsistsin_____.Anothercauseis_____.______.Tosumup,______.3(本模板第2句提出原因1,第3局提出原因2,第4句提出原因3,第5句是对第4句的进一步阐述,最后一句为结论。
Severalcausesmightcontributetotheincreasingseriousnessofthepollutionofenvironment.Theprimaryreasonliesintheharmfulsubstancessentintoenviroment.Forexample,tokilltheinsects,farmersmakeuseofgreatamountsinsecticideswhichunintentioallypollutetheair,thewaterandtheland.Thesecondfactorconsistsinthegascomingfromthecarenginesandfactories.Anothercauseactuallyisthegrowingpopulationintheworld,everyday,somuchlitterandwastearepouredoutfromhouses,whichalsopollutetheenvironment.Tosumup,allthesefactorscontributetotheincreasinggraveness.Itisurgentthatwetakecountermeasures.(环境污染原因)模板3Therearemanyreasonsresponsibleforthisinstance,andthefollowingarethetypicalones.Foronething,_____.______.Foranother,_______._____.Thethirdreasonis_____.______.(本模板第2、第4、第6句提出3个原因,第3、第5、第7句分别对其前面的原因进行进一步阐述。
)2)建议或解决方案模板模板1Thereareseveralwaystoeliminatetheharmfuleffects.First,________.Second,______.Meanwhile_______.Insummary,_________.(本模板中,第1句为主题句,第2、第3和第4句提出3个途径,第5句为结论。
Thereareseveralwaystoeliminatetheharmfuleffects.First,somepeoplecanbeorganizedonavoluntarybasistopreventourenvironmentfrombeingfurtherdeteriorated.Second,governmentsofmanycountriescandrawuplawstoprotecttheair,water,forest,andlandtostopenvironmentalpollution.Meanwhile,peoplecanbefurthereducatedtohaveabetterunderstandingoftheseriousnessoftheproblemsothattheywillbeconscioustoconserveournaturalresourcesandstoppollutingopurenvironment.Insummary,allthesocietyshouldbemobilzedtoprotecttheenviroment.(解决环境污染建议的方法及措施)模板2Inmyopinion,aseriesofcounter-measuresshouldbetakentoreversethecurrentdangeroustendency.Ontheonehand,_______.Ontheotherhand,itisurgentthat______.Onlyinthiswaycanwe_______(succeed).(本模板中,第1句为主题句,第2、第3句提供两种途径,第4句为结论。
)模板3Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybethemosteffective.Firstofall_________.Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemis_____.Finally,_____.Thesearenotthebestandtheonlytwo/threemeasureswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthat_____.(本模板中,第1句为主题句,第2、第3和第4句提供两种途径,第5句为结论。
Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblemoftrafficjams,butthefollowingonesmaybethemosteffective.Firstofall,roadsshouldbebroadenedtolowerthedegreeofcongestionandtospeeduptheflowofheabytraffic.Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemistoopenupmorebusroutestoreducebikesandautomobiles.Finally,moreundergroundpassagesshouldbedevelopedsothatpeoplecancommutebymetro.Thesearenotthebestandtheonlytwo/threemeasureswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatifthegovernmenttakessomestrongactionstoalleviatethetrafficproblem,allofuscanenjoymorefreeflowingtraffic.(解决交通堵塞问题的方法及途径)3)观点类模板4有三种表现形式:
对立观点类/作者的观点类/批驳错误观点类。
Do“LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck?
(1)对立观点类模板1Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleabout____.Somepeopleholdthat_____.Theybasetheirargumentonthegroundthat_____.Butothersreacttotheproblemtheotherwayaroundandcontendthattheoppositeisjustreasonableorright.Fromtheirperspective,____.(本模板中第一句的空格中填写争论的焦点,第2和第4句表明两种观点,第3和第5句表明各自的理由。
)例:
Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleaboutwhethermoneycanbringhappinessornot.Somepeopleholdthatthemoneycanleadtohappiness.Theybasetheirargumentonthegroundthatwithmoneyonecangetwhattheywant,suchasluxuriouscarsandspacioushouses.Butothersreacttotheproblemtheotherwayaroundandcontendthattheoppositeisjustreasonableorright.Fromtheirperspective,moneyisthesourceofallevils.Somepeoplecommitcrimesmsuchastheft,robberyormurderjusttogetmoney.Togetmoney,someviciousmerchantssellfakecommokitieswhichcanhurtthecustomersgreatly.(人们看待金钱的不同观点)模板2Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoing_______.Theypointoutthefactthat______.Theyalsoarguethat_____.However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.Theyconsideritharmfultodo______.Theyfirmlypointoutthat_____.Anexamplecangivethedetailsofthisargument:
______.(本模板中第1和第4句表明两种观点,第2和第3句论证第1个观点,第5和第6句论证第2个观点。
Thesystemoftwo-dayweekendhasbeenpracticed.Nowadays,peoplehavemoredaysoffandmorefreetime.Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofhavingatwo-dayweekend.Theypointoutthefactthatpeoplecanhavemoretimeforrelaxation,havemoretimetorelievetheirburden.Goodrestcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic,andcanmakepeopleworkwithmoreefficency.Theyalsoarguethatpeopleusuallygoshoppingorsightseeingduringthefreetimewhichcanhelpdevelopoureconomy.However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.Theyconsideritharmfultohaveatwo-dayweekend.Theyfirmlypointoutthatsomepeopleidletheprecioustimeawaybyplayingcardsandvideogames.Anexam