英语四六级阅读练习二Word格式.docx

英语四六级阅读练习二Word格式.docx

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压倒；

超过

besetto被设为；

已成定势

Timeforareckoning.It'

sroughlymygenerationthatisfailingtobreakthroughintothetopjobs.Womenintheir40sand50swhocouldnowberunningthecountrybutaren'

t,accordingtotheEqualityandHumanRightsCommission'

sreportSexandPower.Itsanalysisisthatit'

sacaseofdiscrimination–directandindirect.Motherhoodanddomesticresponsibilitiesstillexactasteeppenalty.IfeellikeI'

mbackontheschoolhockeypitch（Iwasuseless）withmyPEteacherurgingmetomakeabitmoreofaneffortandgetstuckin.

breakthrough突破；

突围；

冲出

getstuckin陷入了；

被困在……

Well,beforewecreepoffthepitchwithachronicsenseoffailure,it'

scheeringtorememberwhatthisgenerationhasachieved.Twentyfiveyearsago,part-timeworkinprofessionaloccupationswasvirtuallyunheardof.Therewasonlyonemodeloffemalecareersuccess,anditconsciouslyaimedtoemulateadriven,obsessivemaleversion–itwastheeraofshoulderpadsandclichesofball-crunchingwomenbosses.

creepoff爬出来

emulatev.效法，尽力赶上；

仿真

Sincethen,theworkplacehasbeenrevolutionisedwithahugeincreaseinthenumberofwomenworkingpart-time.Workingmothersarenolongeranovelty,andfatheringnolongerpartofahiddenprivatelife.Inmostoffices,slippingtheChristmasnativityplayorateachermeetingintoabusydayisroutine.Theimportanceoffamilylife,andthenecessityofflexibilityforchildcarehavebecomepartofofficeculture.Womenbosseshaveescapedludicrousstereotypestobecomenormal.That'

squiteanachievement–somethingIneverdreamedwouldbepossiblewhenIhadmyfirstchildandwasbackatthedeskfull-timewithinfourmonthsofherbirth.NowIlookatcolleaguesroutinelytakingayear'

smaternityleaveandreturningpart-time.

maternityleave产假

Butit'

stwostepsforward,onestepback.Thelabourmarkethassegregatedintooneformumsandoneforseriousplayers.Mumslookforcosyniches–jobstheycanmanagewithouttoomuchstrainonthefamily,forwhichtheystilltakethebulkofresponsibility.Whenmentakeontheprimary-carerroleandgopart-time,itcanplayacrucialroleinhelpingwomentoreachthetop–butchangehereinchesforward.Thegenderrolesaroundcaringandbreadwinninghaveprovedresistanttochange.

segregatev.使隔离；

使分离

resistantadj.抵抗的；

顽固的

Perhapsweshouldbelesssurprised–orfrustrated–thatthiskindofsocialchangecantaketime.Wehavebeenatransitionalgeneration,tryingtoliveuptoourstay-at-homemothers'

standardsofavailabilityandattentionwhilealsocarvingoutcareers.Equally,menhavesoughttoemulatetheirfathers'

careerdedicationwhilerespondingtonewexpectationsofengagedparenting.It'

shardlysurprisingtheconceptof"

rolestrain"

litterstheresearchstudies.

liveupto不辜负；

做到；

实践

carveout创业；

开拓

seek（过去分词sought）to追求；

争取

respondto响应；

对……反应

It'

snotjusttheinfamous"

homemade"

mincepiesfortheschoolfete（boughtandbashedaboutwitharollingpinatmidnighttolookhomemade）inAllisonPearson'

snovelIDon'

tKnowHowSheDoesIt,butnownewcommunicationtechnologiesrequireinstantaneousmulti-tasking–achildtextingthattheyarelockedout/beenmugged/hungryasyousitinanimportantmeeting.Orthereverse,athomeandcaughtbetweenthedemandsofaBlackBerryandatoddler.Thecompleteseparationofpersonalandprofessionallife,ahallmarkof20th-centurycareers,hasimploded,bequeathinguswithacomplexjugglingact.Notonlyisitexhausting,butitcansimplydoyourheadin.

instantaneousadj.瞬间的；

即时的

bequeathv.遗赠；

把…遗赠给；

把…传下去

jugglingact变戏法似的把戏；

同时做几件事又难以做好的局面

Somemenandwomenenjoyjugglingandgetverygoodatit,butitrequiresferociousorganisation,focusandenergy.Lotsdon'

thavethem,ordon'

tevenwantthem.Iknowmanywomenmyagewhocouldbeamongthose"

missing"

atthetop;

insteadofbecomingchiefexecutivesthey'

veworkedoutacombinationoffamilyandworkthatleavestimeforfriends,hobbies,voluntaryworkandexercise.Itsprioritiesmapwellontotheresearchliteratureonhappiness;

anaspectthatperhapsdoesn'

tgettheacknowledgementitdeserves.

ferociousadj.惊人的；

极度的

Ambitionhasprovedhardtocombinewiththemundanerequirementsofsecurenurturing.Thecostisobvious;

theydon'

tgetthepowerorconventionalmeasuresofprofessionalsuccess.It'

snotlettingthesisterhooddownbutholdingontovaluesofrelationshipsandwellbeing.We'

redelightedtoseeothersforgingaheadandcrashingthroughtheprejudices,butweshiveratthepriceitmightexactinourownlives.

mundaneadj.世俗的；

平凡的

conventionaladj.常见的；

符合世俗的；

惯例的

holdonto坚持；

紧握；

克制

forgeahead继续进行；

取得进展

crashthrough撞毁；

推翻

（16）：

为什么缺少睡眠会使人变胖？

Sleeplessnightsdon’tjustruinyourmoodthenextday—theycouldalsodamageyourwaistline.AccordingtonewresearchintheAugustissueoftheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition,sleepdeprivationcancausepeopletopackonextrapounds.

sleepdeprivation睡眠不足

packonthepounds长胖；

变肥；

增加体重

ResearchersattheNewYorkObesityNutritionResearchCenteratSt.Luke’s-RooseveltHospitalfoundthatsleep-deprivedpeopleseemtoburnthesamenumberofcaloriesasthewell-rested,buttheyconsumeabout300morecaloriesaday.Giventhatittakesjust3,500caloriestoaddapoundtoyourbody,thosecaloriescanquicklyturnintoextraweight.

well-rested休息充分的

giventhat只要是，考虑到；

假定，已知

turninto转变为；

变成

Butthereareseveralotherreasonsthatsleeplosscouldleadtoweightgain,sayssleepdisorderspecialistMichaelBreus.Whenwegettoolittleshut-eye,ourmetabolismslowsdowntoconserveenergy.Thatslowdowntriggersthereleaseofthehormonecortisol,whichincreasesappetite.Yourbodythinksitneedsmoreenergy,soitasksformorefood.

metabolismn.新陈代谢

triggerv.引发；

引起

appetiten.食欲；

胃口

Inaviciouscycle,sleeplossalsocausesourbodiestoreleasemoreghrelin,anotherhormonethatsignalshunger,andlessleptin,thehormonethattellsyourstomachthatit’sfull.Withyourhormonesoff-kilter,yourbodywantsmorefoodandlacksthesensitivitytoknowwhentostopeating.Nottomentionthatbeingawakemorehoursgivesyoumoretimetosnack.

viciouscycle恶性循环

nottomention更不用说；

更别提

“Thelateryou’reupatnight,thegreaterthelikelihoodthatyou’regoingtoeat,”Breussays.And“you’remorelikelytoeathigh-fat,high-carbfoods.”

likelihoodn.可能性；

可能

OneothercontributingfactortosuchweightgainisthatthebodyburnsthemostcaloriesduringREMsleep,adeeplyrestfulphase.AndlesssleepmeanslesstimeinREM.

Foroptimalhealth,expertssayyoushouldtrytoget7.5hoursofsleepanight.Ifyouhavetroublesleeping,sticktoanightlyroutine,exerciseduringtheday,banishworriestoajournal,andkeeppre-bedtimeactivitiesrelaxing.

optimaladj.最佳的；

最理想的

stickto坚持

banishv.放逐；

驱逐

（17）：

保持大脑年轻化的七种方法

1.MoveIt

Quick—what’stheNo.1thingyoucandoforyourbrain’shealth?

Differentialcalculus,yousay?

Chess?

Chaostheory?

Nope,thebestbrainsharpenermaybe…sneakers?

Yup.Oncethey’reonyourfeet,youcanpumpupyourheartrate.“ThebestadviceIcangivetokeepyourbrainhealthyandyoungisaerobicexercise,”saysDonaldStuss,PhD,aneuropsychologistanddirectoroftheRotmanResearchInstituteatBaycrestCentreforGeriatricCareinToronto.

differentialcalculus[数]微积分；

微分学

chaostheory混沌理论

pumpup给……打气；

加速

aerobicexercise有氧运动

MarkMcDaniel,PhD,professorofpsychologyatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,agrees,butadds,“Iwouldsuggestacombinedprogramofaerobicsandweighttraining.Studiesshowthebestoutcomesforthoseengagedinbothtypesofexercise.”

Asweage,ourbraincells,calledneurons,losethetree-branch-likeconnectionsbetweenthem.Theseconnections,orsynapses,areessentialtothought.Quiteliterally,overtime,ourbrainslosetheirheft.Perhapsthemoststrikingbrainresearchtodayisthestrongevidencewenowhavethat“exercisemayforestallsomekindsofmentaldecline,”notesMcDaniel.Itmayevenrestorememory.Myriadanimalstudieshaveshownthat,amongotherbrainbenefits,aerobicexerciseincreasescapillarydevelopmentinthebrain,meaningmorebloodsupply,morenutrientsand—abigrequirementforbrainhealth—moreoxygen.

forestallv.垄断；

预先阻止

mentaldecline智力下降

Thepreeminentexerciseandbrain-healthresearcherinhumansisArthurKramerattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Inadozenstudiesoverthepastfewyears,withtitlessuchas“AerobicFitnessReducesBrainTissueLossinAgingHumans,”Kramerandhiscolleagueshaveprovedtwocriticalfindings:

Fitpeoplehavesharperbrains,andpeoplewhoareoutofshape,butthengetintoshape,sharpenuptheirbrains.Thissecondfindingis