远大前程论文Word格式文档下载.docx

远大前程论文Word格式文档下载.docx

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ThestoryhappenedinEnglandin19thcentury.HisparentsdiedwhenPipwasonlyfiveyearsold,andhethenlivedwithhiseldersisterandherhusband.Onenightwhenhewaslookingathisparents’tombstones,anescapedconvictsprungup.Piphelpedhimwithsomefood,andhewasgrateful.Butatlasthewastakenbythepolicemen.

OnedayPipwastakentotheSatisHouse,thehomeofthewealthydowagerMissHavisham,whowasbothveryrichandeccentric.Thisoldladywasabandonedbyherhusbandwhentheyweregoingtomarried,andshelivedinsufferingsandmemoriesformanyyears.Duringhisvisit,hemetabeautifulgirlnamedEstella,whotreatedhimcoldlyandcontemptuously.Nevertheless,hefellinlovewithheranddreamedofbecomingawealthygentlemansothathemightbeworthyofher.

OnedayalawyercametoPipandbroughthimastrangenews:

asecretbenefactorhasgivenPipalargefortune,andPipmustcometoLondonimmediatelytobeginhiseducationasagentleman.PipcametoLondon,learnhowtocommunicate,howtodance,andhowtobecomearealgentleman

Keywords:

CharlesDickens,greatexpectation,Pip,Estella,London,Orphan

摘要

故事发生在19世纪的英国。

在皮普还是个15岁的孩子时，父母双亡，和姐姐、姐夫生活在一起。

圣诞节前，皮普到墓地去悼念父母，遇到了越狱犯麦格维奇。

皮普为他拿来了蛋糕充饥，令麦格维奇非常感动，但最后他还是被警察带走了。

圣诞过后，皮普被邀请到村里最富有的哈维汉姆小姐家做客。

这个老妇人新婚当天丈夫没有出现，从此便再也没有脱下婚纱，多年来一直生活在回忆里。

尽管她拥有财富，却从没有得到过幸福，因此一直活在愤恨中，性格怪癖。

当皮普怀着忐忑不安的心情踏入这所老房子时，遇到了哈维汉姆小姐收养的女孩埃斯特拉，从此便一发不可收拾地爱上了她。

但埃斯特拉是个傲慢又刻薄的女孩，根本不把皮普放在眼里。

这令皮普很伤心，他暗自下决心要成为一名绅士好让埃斯特拉不再歧视自己。

　　机会终于来了。

尽管皮普的姐夫只是一个铁匠，没有钱送他上学，但在几年后，突然有不愿意透露姓名的人提出资助皮普到伦敦去过上层社会的生活。

皮普满心欢喜地来到伦敦，学习如何社交、如何跳舞、如何成为一名真正的绅士。

此时的皮普已明显的感觉到自己无法再和做铁匠的姐夫顺畅沟通了，尽管是姐夫把他养大，感情也非常好...

关键词：

查尔斯·

狄更斯、远大前程、皮普、艾丝黛拉、伦敦、孤儿

BrieflyTalkingaboutPhilip’sGreatExpectation

Introduction

Dickensengineersemotionaleffectsinthisbookbyshiftingwritingstyles.Healternatesbroadeffectswithsubtletouches.Comicexaggeration,satiricunderstatement,thebroodingtonesofmelodrama,andthesternnotesoftragedyallslipinandout.Althoughhemustworkthroughhisnarrator,Pip,Dickensfine-tunesthetoneofPip'

svoicetosteeroursympathiesincertaindirections.

Pip'

susualvoiceisquietandthoughtful;

he'

sevenalittlestiffandtendstowardformalturnsofphrase.Buthealsousesdeadpanhumor;

helashesoutathimself;

everyonceinawhilehestepsasideandcommentswiselyonlife.Atothertimesheburstsforthtodescribehisfeelings,withlong,rhythmicsentences,urgentquestions,andechoingphrases.SometimesPipfadesintothebackgroundandsimplyobserves,sothatDickenscanwritescenesready-madeforthestage.LookatsomeofEstellaandMissHavisham'

sconfrontations,forexample;

Piprecordswhatissaid,addingtheactors'

gesturesandtonesofvoice,buthedoesn'

tanalyze.Hedoesn'

tneedto,becausethedialogueitself,likethedialogueinaTVsoapopera,effectivelyconveyssomuchpassion.Pipinterjectscommentsduringsomescenes,suchasthosewiththeconvict,wherethedramaliesinthetwistsandturnsofPip'

sownreactions.Hetreatsotherscenesinavividoverview;

describingWopsle'

sHamlet.forinstance,heparaphraseswhatissaidandtossesoutjumbleddetails,tomakeitlookasabsurdaspossible.

1.ThePlotofGreatExpectations

Inavillagecemetery,asmallboy,Pip,isaccostedbyarunawayconvictMagwitchwhodemandsfoodandafiletosawoffhislegiron.Piphelpedhim.Notlongafterthis,Pipisinvitedtothegloomyhomeofrich,eccentricMissHavisham,whowantsaboyto"

play"

forheramusement.ButPip'

srealroleatMissHavisham'

sturnsouttobeasatoyforMissHavisham'

sadopteddaughter,Estella,whohasbeenraisedwithonepurpose--tobreakmen'

shearts,PipfallsinlovewithEstellaandbecomesself-consciousabouthislowsocialclassandunpolishedmanners.Fromthenon,hisabidingdreamistobeagentleman.

ThenaLondonlawyer,Jaggers,comestothevillagetotellPipthathehascomeintoafortunefromananonymoussource.Finally,hecametoknowthatitwasMagwitchwhohelpedhim.BackinLondon,PiplearnsthatMagwitchoncehadababygirl,butshewasabandonedbyhermother.Piecingtogetherevidence,PiprealizeswithshockthatEstellawasthatbabygirl.Later,heacceptingajobinanoverseasbranchofHerbert'

soffice.ReturningtoEnglandmanyyearslater,PipvisitsMissHavisham'

shouse,whichhasbeenpulleddown.Estellaisthere,too.Astheywalkawayhandinhand,itlooksasthoughtheywillfinallygettogether.

2.TheanalysisofPipatgrowthcourse

PipisthenarratorandthemaincharacterofGreatExpectationsandpossiblyalsothevoiceoftheauthor.IfDickensintendedPipasanautobiographicalfigure,it'

sinteresting--asasidelighton

Dickens'

personality--thathetriedtomakePipsofullofflawedqualities.Andyet,despitethoseflaws,Pipemergesasacharacterwecareaboutverymuch.

Inaway,wefeelclosetoPipbecauseheisn'

ttryingtoimpressusorbuilduphisownimage;

insteadheconfessesallhisshamesandfearstous.It'

sasthough,throughPip,Dickensisworkingoutallhisworstfeelingsabouthimself.LookbackoverDickens'

lifestoryandcompareittoPip'

s.WhenDickenswasworkingintheblackingwarehousehefelt"

aboveit,"

justasPipfeelsabovehisjob,asanapprenticetoablacksmith.WhentheotherboysresentedDickens,helearnedtokeeptohimself--justaslittlePipseemstodoinMrsWopsle'

sschool.Dickenshadonefriend,BobFagin,whomheungratefullylookeddownon,inmuchthesamewaythatPiptakesforgrantedhisvillagefriendsBiddyandJoe.Pipisalsoahopelessromantic,beneathallhisshyness;

heremainsobsessedforyearswithanidealizedimageofhisbelovedEstella--who'

sreallyproudandcold.WhenPipfirstreceiveshismysterious"

expectations"

andbecomesagentleman,hisshynessandambitioncombinetomakehimasnob;

Dickensmaybecriticallyrelivinghisownreactionwhenhewassuddenlyhitwithfameandfortuneatayoungage.DickenssometimesseemssoclosetoPip,it'

shardforhimtogivePiphisownidentity.Pipishighlyimpressionableandsensitivetocriticism,andsohechangeseasily--morethanothercharactersinthebook.Throughoutthebook,Pipstrugglestoformhisidentity;

hedoesn'

tevenseemtohavearealname.Thefirstthingwelearnabouthimisthathehimselfshortenedhisname,PhilipPirrip,totheinsignificantnicknamePip.PhilipPirripwasalsohisfather'

sname,butthenamefeelsalientoPipbecauseheneverknewhisfather

.WhenPipreceiveshismysteriousfortune,oneofthetermsisthathewillalwaysbecalled"

Mr.Pip"

--atitlethatseemsvainandridiculous,asthoughmockingtheideathata"

pip"

shouldeverbecomeimportant.EvenPip'

sbestfriendHerbertPocketimmediatelychangesPip'

snameto"

Handel,"

asthoughbygivingPipanewnamehe'

llhelphimchangeintothegentlemanhewantstobe.

Whilewe'

retryingtofigureoutwhoPipreallyis,wehavetorememberthathe'

sthenarrator--sowecan'

talwaystrustwhathesaysabouthimself.Pipisintelligent,intuitive,and,evenasachild,unusuallyobservantoftheadultworldaroundhim.Buthehascertainblindspotswhenitcomestohimself.He'

salwaystellingushowbadhewas,howguiltyhefelt,howeverythingwashisfault,andhowsurehewasthathewasgoingtobecaughtandpunished.Asyoureadthebook,tryfromtimetotimetolookatPipasanothercharactermight.Setupamoralscaleofallthecharacters,andseehowPipfitsin.Lookespeciallyathisgoodqualities--tact,sensitivity,imagination,modesty.You'

llhavetokeepremindingyourselfofthem,becausePipnevermentionsthem.

WhyisPipsohardonhimself?

Somereaderssayitstemsfromhisearlyupbringing,surroundedbyunlovingadultslikehissisterMrs.Joe,whosephilosophyis"

sparetherodandspoilthechild."

OtherspointoutthatPipistellingusallthisyearslater--longaftertheeventsinthebook--fromtheperspectiveofamiddle-agedman,whoisbeingcriticalofhisownpastmistakes.

OtherreadersthinkPipisn'

tbeingharshonhimselfatall—justhonest,owninguptofaultsweallhave.Thoughheseemslikeanastylittlekidandanunpleasantadolescent,thesereaderspointout,Dickensisjustgivingusarealisticportraitofchildpsychology.Mostsmallchildren,likePip,arelikelytolie,cheat,andstealtogetaroundadults;

theydon'

tautomaticallylovetheireldersandtheymayhategoingtoschoolortochurch.（Ifyou'

veeverbeenababysitter,youknowthatalllittlekidsaren'

tsweetangels.）AndadolescentsareoftenlikePipis:

painfullyself-conscious,criticaloftheirparentsandtheirparents'

friends,unsatisfiedwiththeirowndailylives,easilytakeninbyglamorousbutundependablefriends.Thisisalljustpartofgrowingup.WatchingPipgothroughthesevariousstages,wemayrememberthewayweactedatthesameage--andwinceatthememory.

Pipdoesseemtoviewtheuniverseinprettysimplemoralterms.Thingsareeithergoodorbad,nobleorcommon,beautifulorugly.Thisisinpartaresultofhisromanticnature,whichwantseverythingintheworldtobelovelyandperfectandfeelsfrustratedwhenthingsfallshortofthisideal.It'

saproductofhisupbringing,too--hehasnorealmoraltrainingasachild,onlystrictthreatsofpunishment,soheformschildishlyharsh,absoluteideasofrightandwrongforhimself.Thisisalsoafairlytypicalwayofviewingtheworldwhenyou'

reyoung,andstilltryingtojudgethepeoplearoundyou.Butashegrowsolder,Piplearnsthatotherqualities--sympathyandforgiveness,forexample--needtobeusedtotempermoraljudgments.Lifeisn'

tassimpl