初中语法专题7介词专题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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before
在……之前
Hewillbebackbeforesuppertime.
after
①“after+具体时刻”,表示“在……之后”
②“after+时间段”不与将来时连用。
afterthreeo’clock/lunch/August
Hewillarrive______(after/in)anhour.
since
后接时间点或过去时的句子,表示
“自从……以来”
HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.
Ihaven’tseenhimsinceheleftlasttime.
for
后接时间段,表示“持续一段时间”
Hehaslivedhereforeightyears.
till/until
①表示持续到某个时候
②not…until…意为“直到……才”
Itmaylasttill/untilnextFriday.
Wecan’tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.
from
from…to…意为“从……到……”
WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.
by
①表示“在……之前”、“不迟于”
②表示“到……为止”
Youmustbeherebyteno’clocktomorrow.
bytheendoflastyear/nextyear;
bynow
【例题】
1.Iwasborn______December17.ThisyearI’llholdabirthdaypartyforitat
home.
A.onB.atC.inD.by
2.—DoyouknowVictoryDayinChina?
—Yes,it’s______September3rd______eachyear.IttellstheworldthatChinesepeople
lovepeaceandhatewars.Chinesepeoplewillneverforgetthehistory.
A.in;
onB.on;
/C.at;
/D.on;
in
3.FormanyWesternpeople,theydrinkcoldwatereven______winter.
A.onB.forC.atD.in
4.—Thecharitywalkbegins______9:
00.Don’tbelate.—Noproblem.
A.atB.byC.inD.on
5.TheDragonBoatFestivalthisyearwillcome______fourdays.
A.afterB.forC.duringD.in
6.(短文填空)Afterwalkingaround________sometime,shecametoariver.
7.(首字母填空)Hehasbeenawayfromhomes________twodaysago.
8.(句子填空)TheHighlandMuseumisopenedeveryday______Monday.
二、对地点、方位介词的考查
介词
图示
意义
例句
11
在……之内
Thestudentsarereadingintheclassroom.
学生们在教室里读书。
22
在……上面
Theboatisontheriver.
那条船在河上。
33
beneath
在……下面
(紧贴着表面)
Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizon.
太阳此刻落到地平线下了。
44
over
在……(正)上方
Thereareseveralbridgesovertheriver.
河上有好几座桥。
55
under
在……(正)下方
Theboatsailedunderthebridge.
船在桥下行驶。
66
above
在……上方
Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
77
below
在……下方
Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon.
太阳沉没在地平线下。
88
by/beside
在……旁边
Tomissittingby/besidethewindow.
汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。
99
near
在……附近
Idon’tneedacarbecauseIlivenearthecitycentre.我不需要汽车,因为我住在靠近市中心。
110
nextto
紧挨……
Mybestfriendsitsnexttomeinclass.
上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
111
behind
在……后面
Olivehidbehindatree.
奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。
112
outside
在……外面
Heparkedhiscaroutsidethetheater.
他把汽车停在剧场外面。
113
to
到……去
Wewalkedtothefruitshop.
我们步行到水果店。
114
从……来
WetraveledtoLondonfromEdinburgh.
我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。
115
(a)round
围绕……
Weallsataroundthetable.
我们都围绕着桌子坐。
116
between
在……之间(指二者)
TheletterBisbetweenAandC.
字母B在A和C之间。
117
among
在……之间(指三者或三者以上)
Thehousestandsamongthetrees.
房子在树丛中。
118
across
横过、越过
(从表面跨过)
Iftheroadisbusy,don’twalkacrossit.
如果道路拥挤,就不要横穿马路。
119
through
穿过……
(从内部穿过)
Wedrovethroughthetunnel.
我们开车穿过了隧道。
220
past/by
从旁边经过/路过……
Iwentpast/byabakeryonmywayhome.
我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。
221
onto
到……上
Themenliftthebasketsontothetrucks.
人们把篮子运上卡车。
222
into
到……里
Theyputtheapplesintothebaskets.
他们把苹果放进篮子里。
223
outof
从……出来
Don’tlookoutofthewindowinclass.
上课时不要朝窗外看。
224
along
沿着
Walkalongthisstreet,thenturnleft,youcanseethepostoffice.
沿着这条街走,然后向右拐,你就可以看到邮局。
at,in,on表示地点的用法:
①at表地点时,指空间位置上的某一点,后面常接小地方。
如:
atthebusstop;
②in表地点时,指在某一立体空间范围内,后面接大地方。
inshanghai;
③on表地点时,指某物与另一物表面相接触,或与某地方接壤等。
onthetable等。
in,on,to表示方位的用法:
①范围之内用in;
②相邻、接壤用on;
③不相邻或隔海相望用to。
9.—IliketheweatherinKunming.It’swarmallyearlong.
—Yes.Andthetemperaturestays______zeroallthetime.
A.at B.below C.around D.above
10.Incoldwinter,thetemperatureinHarbinoftenremains______zeroallday.
A.aboveB.belowC.overD.under
11.Thebankis______thebookstoreandthepostoffice.
A.atthefrontofD.amongC.betweenD.in
12.Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswim______thelake.
A.acrossB.belowC.overD.through
13.—Excuseme,whereisthebookstore?
—Go______thebridge.You’llseeitonyourleft.
A.onB.crossC.acrossD.through
14.HeilongjiangProvinceis_____thenortheastofChina.
A.toB.inC.onD.at
15.Cambridgeisasmallcity______theeastofEngland.
A.betweenB.withC.inD.under
16.Jimsitsbehindme,soIsit______him.
A.atthetopofB.attheendofC.inthemiddleofD.infrontof
三、对手段、方法介词的考查
①by+交通工具:
“乘坐交通工具”
②bydoingsth.:
“通过某种方式”
Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.
IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.
①in+语言类名词:
“用某种语言”
②in+工具:
“用某种工具或材料”
CanyousayitinEnglish?
Don’twriteitinpencil.Writeitinink.
with
①with+工具:
②withthehelpof…:
“在……的帮助下”
Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.
Withthehelpofhim,Iwonthematch.
通过某个设备
Helistenstomusicontheradio.
17.MaYun,theChairpersonofAlibabaGroup,hasmademuchmoney_____
theInternet.
A.throughB.alongC.acrossD.towards
18.MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaichoosetogotowork______underground.
A.inB.withC.byD.for
19.Gina,what’sthis______English?
A.byB.forC.inD.with
20.Wecansavemoney______cookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingoutside.
A.byB.toC.forD.with
四、对其他常用介词的考查
about
①大约
②“关于”,只表示“和……有关”
Thereareabout60pupilsinmyclass.
Iwanttotellyouastoryaboutanimals.
“关于”,多表示内容具有专门性,是严肃的和学术性的
It’sabookonanimals.这是一本论及动物的书。
(学术专著)
like
“像……一样”
Hetalkedtomelikehisfather.
as
“作为;
以……的身份”,后跟表示职业、职务的名词
Asavolunteer,Imusttrymybesttohelpyouwithyourproblems.
except
“除……之外”,指从整体中除去一部分
WeareallhereexceptLiMing.(李明不在这儿)
besides
“除……之外还有(包括在内)”
WeareallherebesidesLiMing.(李明在这儿)
表示伴随,意为“和……一起”
Iwenttoplanttreeswithmyfriends.
without
表示“没有”,常作状语
Heleftwithoutsayingaword.
①表示目的,意为“为了”
②表示原因、理由
Hecamehereforacupoftea.
Sanyaisfamousfor“TianyaHaijiao”.
towards
“朝……方向”
Adogisrunningtowardsme.
off
“离开,脱离”
Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草地。
against
靠着;
反对
Heissleepingsoundlyagainstatree.
insteadof
“代替”
IwentswimminginsteadofwatchingTV.
becauseof
“因为……”,表示原因
Ididn’tgooutbecauseofthebadweather.
21.—Doyourememberwhatshelookedlikewhenyoufirstmether?
—Ofcourse.Shewastallandthin______longhair.
A.inB.withC.onD.for
22.Jackhadtostopworkingthoughitwas______hisownwishes.
A.onB.forC.againstD.by
23.Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldn’tkillthem______foodorclothing.
A.inB.withC.aboutD.for
24.Itisgreat______ustogetsomanyfavouritebooksonInternational
Children’sBookDay.
A.toB.withC.ofD.for
25.Helookedatmeand,______aword,smiled.
A.inB.withC.withoutD.for
26.Allofuswenttothepark______Bob.Hehadtolookafterhissister.
A.besidesB.withC.exceptD.besides
五、对介词短语的考查
搭配情况
固定搭配
与
名
词
的
搭
配
atnight/noon;
atonce;
atfirst/last;
athome/school/work
afterschool/class;
afterbreakfast/lunch/supper;
afterall
bytheway;
bythelake/river;
bynow;
bychance/accident
inclass;
intime;
intown;
inthefuture;
infact;
inacar/taxi
ontime;
onduty;
onbusiness;
onfoot;
onatrain/ship/plane
forexample;
forawhile;
forsure;
forfun;
theidea/technologyfor…
theanswerto…/thewayto…/thekeyto…
haveproblem/trouble/difficulty/funwith…//makefriendswith…
动
worryabout;
talkabout;
thinkabout;
learn/knowabout
lookat;
laughat;
shoutat;
pointat;
knockat;
arriveat;
callatswh.
lookfor;
askfor;
waitfor;
standfor;
leavefor;
sendforsb.
hearfromsb.;
learnfromsb.;
comefrom;
bemadefrom
dependon;
geton;
callonsb.;
(puton;
tryon;
turnon)
off
getoff;
falloff;
showoff;
(takeoff;
seesb.off)
belongto;
listento;
getto;
writeto;
helponeselfto;
sayhello/hito…
beginwith;
talk/chatwithsb.;
agreewithsb.;
geton/alongwithsb.
形
容
besureabout;
besorryabout
bemadat;
begood/badat;
besurprisedat;
betalentedat
of
beafraid/scaredof;
besure/proud/fond/jealous/fullof
bebusy/strict/angry/popular/satisfied/covered/filledwith
beinterestedin;
bedifferentinsize;
bestrictinsth.
befamousfor;
belatefor;
bereadyfor;
begood/badfor
bepolite/rude/crueltosb.;
begood