乡村旅游定义及影响因素 毕业论文外文文献翻译.docx

乡村旅游定义及影响因素 毕业论文外文文献翻译.docx

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毕业设计（论文）外文参考

资料及译文

译文题目：

乡村旅游定义及影响因素

学生姓名：

马倩倩学号：

专业：

旅游管理

所在学院：

人文学院（民办为“龙蟠学院”）

指导教师：

™

职称：

XXX

201X年XX月XX日

原文：

Thedefinitionandinfluencefactorsofruraltourism

Thisarticleintroducesthedefinitionandconnotationofruraltourism,therolethatruraltourismplayedintheprocessofeconomicdevelopmentandthefactorswhichinfluenceruraltourism.

Generally,'ruraltourism*istourismthattakesplaceinthecountryside.Itisdefinedas"ademandfortouristicuseofaruralarea"（Gartner,2004,p.153）.Oppermann（1996）defines"ruraltourism*astourismoccurringina"non-urbanterritorywherehumanactivityisoccurring,primarilyagriculture;apermanenthumanpresenceseemsaqualifyingrequirement"（p.88）.Forexample,bedandbreakfastsvacations,recreationtrailnetworks,andharvestfestivals,areallsourcesof'ruraltourism,thatcanbefoundinsmalltowns.Oppermann（1996）emphasizesthatthetypeofaccommodationsusedbyruraltouristsisonekeyaspectindifferentiatingruraltourismfromothertypesoftourism.

Lane（1994）suggeststhat'ruraltourism*existsasaconcept,andreflectsthedifferingandcomplexpatternofruralenvironment,economy,historyandlocation.'Ruraltourism*isdirectlyrelatedtotheparticularcharacteristicsofruralareas,anditisassumedthattheprincipalmotivationforvisitingthecountrysideistoexperienceitsrurality.Thismotivationjustifiesthedefinitionof'ruraltourism*asanidentifiabletypeoftourism,withruraltourismbeinganendontoitself一toexperiencethecountryside.

Consideringthedemandandsupplyofruraltourism,itcanbedefinedmorespecifically.Demand-sideruraltourismisbasedonthenatureofthevisitorandisdefinedas"avisitbyapersontoanyplaceotherthanhisorherusualworkorhomeenvironmentandthatisoutsideaStandardMetropolitanStatisticalArea"（Greffe,1994,p.23）.Ontheotherhand,supply-sideruraltourismismorefocusedonavisitors*placeofstay.Ruraltourismisalsoassociatedwithaparticularformofaccommodationthatofferstouristopportunitiestoparticipateinfarm-relatedactivities,suchasvegetablegardeningorcaringforanimals.

Lobo（2001）defines'ruraltourism*as"recreationalexperienceinvolvingvisitstoruralsettingsorruralenvironmentsforthepurposeofparticipatinginorexperiencingactivities,eventsorattractionsnotreadilyavailableinurbanizedareas.Thesemaynotnecessarilybeagriculturalinnature."Ruraltouristactivitiesmightincludeacountry-sidetour;purchasinghoneyfromalocalfarm;orvisitsorchards,cheesefactoriesgreenhouses,pumpkinpatches,road-sidefruitandvegetablestands,nurseries,etc.Ruraltourismcanalsoincludeactivitiessuchas:

participatinginfallcolortours;fishingIlocalstreams,rivers,orlakes;visitingamaplesugaringhouseinthespring;takingphotographsofbeautifulscenery;paintingthelandscape;hikingatrail;orvisitingabandonedraillines,conservationarea,orlocal,state,ornationalpark.Personswhoparticipateintheseandsimilaractivitiesareparticipatinginvariousformsofruraltourism（Buck,2004）.

Theconceptofruraltourismhasevolvedsubstantiallyinrecentyears.Oneaspectofthischangeisreflectedinthevocabularyusedtodescribevarioustypesofruraltourismactivities.Forexample,somestudiesrefertooutdoor-basedtourismas'ecotourism,'whileotherpublicationsusetheterm"nature-basedtourism*or'greentourism*（Stancliffe,1992）.Althoughthesetwotermsarenottechnicallysynonymous;theterm'ecotourism'suggestsactivitiesthatpromoteconservationofnature,while"nature-basedtourism1isevocativeofabroaderspectrumofoutdoor-basedrecreationincludinghunting,fishing,camping,andtheuseofrecreationalvehicles.Thesenewtermsreflectnewperspectivesinthetourismindustry.

Thedefinitionofruraltourismvariesbetweencountriesreflectingthespecifictypesandcharacteristicsofruraltourismwithineachcountry.Forexample,inIsraelcountryvacations*centeronbedandbreakfasts,whiletouristsparticipatein'agritourism1inItaly,"farmtourism*inKorea,and'greentourism*inJapan（Fleischer&Pizam,1997;Park,Ryu,&Lee,2001;Arahi,1998）.Ruraltourismisamulti-facetedactivity:

itisnotjustfarm-basedtourism（Alexander,Kumar,&Day,1998）.Itincludesfarm-basedholidaysbutalsocomprisesspecialinterestnatureholidaysandeco-tourismwalking,climbingandridingholidays,adventure,sportandhealthtourism,huntingandangling,educationaltravel,artsandheritagetourism,andinsomeareasethnictourism.Nature-basedtourism/ecotourism（sometimescalledrecreation-basedtourism）referstotheprocessofvisitingnatural（usuallyrural）areasforthepurposeofenjoyingthescenery,includingplantandanimalwildlife.Nature-basedtourismmaybee