关于大卫科波菲尔中的人物形象英语论文Word格式文档下载.docx
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DavidCopperfield"
wasthemasterpieceofDickens;
itwashisunremittinglyeffortsuptothelongestofasemi-autobiographicalwork,inMay1849toNovember1850installmentwaspublished.Inthepreface,Dickenssaid:
"
Inallmyworks,myfavoriteinthisdepartment....Itismyfavoritechild."
Thispaperbeganwithabriefintroductionoftheauthorandthesocialbackground,andthenittriedtoanalyzethenovel.Thustheauthorpavedthewayforthefollowinganalysis,thenitcametotheessentialpartofthepaper—theanalysisofimageinDavid,Dora,David’sgreat-aunt,Mr.Micawber,andSteerforth,TheMr.Murdstones,Heep.
Next,theessaycametotheauthor’simpactonthetwofiguresinordertomakereadersknowmoreaboutthenovelandtheauthor.Finally,theauthorattemptedtoanalyzedifferentpeople’simageandshowpeople’sdifferentdestinies.Thepaperwantedtotellpeoplethatmaybefateisunfairtoyou,sothatyouaresufferingfromhumansufferings,butyoucannotdoanythingwithoutthegoodnessofheartandyoumustfightforyourowndestiny.Andstressed:
onlylovecangivecouragetofacethemiseryandsuffering.
DavidandSteerforthweretwodifferentimagesthathavegreatdifferences.Suchaskind-heartedfishermanPeggottyandDavid,despiteapoorfamily,didn’treceiveeducation,buttoholdanhonestandgoodheart,whilerichSteerforthwasaninvalidcharacterinstarkcontrast.
Atthesametime,itreflectedDickens'
ownmorality:
Whatgoesaroundcomesaround"
.SuchasasymbolofevilHeapandSteerforthhasbeendulypunished;
kind-heartedpeoplehavefoundapopulardestinationthattheyweredreamedtocomeallthetime.
1.1Theintroductiontotheauthor
Dickenswasthemainrepresentativeofrealismliteratureofthe19thcentury.Theartofwittywords,nuancedpsychologicalanalysisandrealismwerecombinedtogetherclosely.Hewasparticularlyfamousforhisvividcomiccharacterizationsandsocialcriticism.Hewasthefirstauthorwhohadwrittenofthepoorwithfidelityandsympathy.HisworkswerefamousduringnovelsoftheVictorianageandamongthegreatclassicsinallfiction.
DickenswasborninFebruary,1812,atLandport,Portsmouth.Hewasthesecondofeightchildren.Hisfatherwasaclerk,hardworkingbutimprudent,latercaricaturedasMr.MicawberinDavidCopperfield.In1822,thefamilymovedtoLondon,whereCharleshadtoleaveschooltohelpsupporthisimpoverishedfamily.In1824,hisfatherwasputintoprisonfordebt.Attheageof12,Dickenswassenttogoingtoworkatafactory.Hewrappedandlabeledfor6shillingsaweek.Afterwork,hewanderedthroughthestreetsofLondon,enthralledbythesightofthedockyards,thefilesofconvicts,andvastsectionsofthecityinhabitedbythepoor.Thesebitterdaysremainedinhismemoryandlaterfoundexpressioninhisworks.
Dickenswasabletoreturntoschoolafterasmalllegacyhelpedreleasehisfatherfromprison.HewasanavidreaderandspentmuchtimeinthereadingroomoftheBritishMuseumandlearntshort-hand.Althoughhelaterreturnedtoschoolforatime,thisexperienceleftapermanentmarkonthesoulofCharlesDickens.Evenmanyyearslater,afterhehadbecomeasuccessfulauthor,hecouldnotbeartotalkaboutit,orberemindedofhisfamily’signominy.
AttheageoffifteenDickensbeganworkingasanofficeboyforalawfirm.Hetaughthimselfandby1828hebecameareporterforcourtsofDoctors’Common.Thedullroutineofthelegalprofessionneverinterestedhim,sohebecameanewspaperreporterfortheMirrorofparliament,theTrueSun,andfinallyfortheMorningChronicle.(JohnForster,werelaterhisclosestfriendandbiographer,wasalsoemployedattheTrueSun.)Bytheageoftwenty,DickenswasoneofthebestparliamentaryreportersinallEngland.
DuringthissameperiodDickens’sinterestbegantoswitchfromjournalismtoliterature.Hisfirstworkoffiction,“DinneratPoplarWalk〞(laterreprintedas“Mr.MinnsandHisCousin〞),appearedintheMonthlyMagazinewhenhewastwenty-one.HisnewspaperworkhadgivenhimanintimateknowledgeofthestreetsandbywaysofLondon,andlatein1832hebeganwritingsketchesandstoriesofLondonlife.Theybegantoappearinperiodicalsandnewspapersin1833andin1836weregatheredtogetherassketchesbyBoz,IllustrationsofEverydaylife,andEverydayPeople.
Bythistime,Dickenswasenjoyingtheluxuriouslifehehaddreamedofasachild.In1850,hepublishedthelastinstallmentsofDavidCopperfield,apartlyautobiographicalnovelthatwashisfavorite.
In1858Dickens'
stwenty-three-yearmarriagetoCatherineHogarthdissolvedwhenhefellinlovewithEllenTernan,ayoungactress.Thethelastyearsofhislifewerefilledwithintenseactivities:
writing,takingpartinmanagement,andundertakingtoursthatreinforcedthepublic'
sfavorableviewofhiswork,whichtookanenormoustollonhishealth.Workingfeverishlytothelast,DickenscollapsedanddiedonJune8,1870,leavingTheMysteryofEdwinDrooduncompleted.
1.2Theintroductiontothebackground
SocialBackground
LikesomanyparentsIhaveinmyheartofheartsafavoritechild,"
wroteCharlesDickens."
AndhisnameisDavidCopperfield."
HereDickensmadegooduseofhisownlifeexperiencetoattackthesocialevilsofthetime,themiseriesofchild-labour,thetyrannyinschools,thedebtors’prison,aswellasthecrueltyandimmortalityandthetreacherythatwereprevalentinVictorianEngland.Thusthenovelwasnotmerelyapersonalrecord,butabroadpictureofthesocietyoftheauthor’sday.
DavidCopperfield(alsocalledThePersonalHistoryandExperienceofDavidCopperfieldtheYounger),waspublishedinmonthlyinstallmentsbetween5.1849and11.1850.Aneditionwaspublishedneartheendof1850.
DavidCopperfieldwasanovelwritteninfirst-personpointofview.Itwassometimesreferredtoasanapprenticeshipnovelbecauseitcenteredontheperiodinwhichayoungpersongrowsup–thatis,serveshisapprenticeship.ThetypeofnovelwaspioneeredbyJohannWolfgangvonGoethe(1749-1832)inhisnovelWilhelmMeistersLehrjahre(WilhelmMeister'
sApprenticeship).AnapprenticeshipnovelcouldalsobeidentifiedbyitsGermanname,meaningnovel(roman)ofeducationaldevelopment(buildings).Dickensbasedthebookinpartonthedifficultearlyyearsofhisownlife.Thenarrationchangednames,locales,andotherdetailsofDickens’slifebutmaintaineditsgeneraltenor.Forexample,whenDickenswasonlyachild,hehadtoleaveschooltoworkinafactorythatpolishedsomeshoes.Inthenovel,DavidCopperfieldhastoleaveschooltoworkinawarehousewashingandlabelingbottlesusedinthewinetrade.David’sinitials(D.C.)were,ofcourse,thereverseofDickens’s(C.D.).
Dickenswasamasteratdrawingmemorablecharacters.Someweresimpleanduncomplicated,likeBarkis,Creakle,Murdstone,andClaraPeggotty.Otherswerecomplex,likeDavidCopperfield.Throughoutthenovel,hebefriendedthewealthyandcharmingJamesSteerforth,ignoringhisdeviousandmalevolentside.Atthesametime,hebefriendedthegood-heartedTommyTraddlesandthehumblePeggottys.Thesetwoworlds–theworldofSteerforthandtheworldofthepeopleSteerforthandhisfamilylookdownupon–bothattractDavid,andpartofhismaturationwasdecidingwhatshouldconstitutehisownworld.Tobringhischaracterstolife,Dickensinvestedthemwithclearlydefiningvirtuesorvicesanddescribingthecharactersinawaythatenabledthereadertopicturethemandthescenesinwhichtheyappear.
Novel’sBackground
OfalltheDickens’novels,DavidCopperfieldreflectstheeventsofDickensownlifethemost.David’searlysufferingwasadequatelycompensatedwitharich,happymarriageandasuccessfulliterarycareer,justlikeDickenshimself,andtheworldisstillfullofhopeandsunshine.Theplotconstructionwasratherloose,butitalsoexcelledinitsvividcharacterization.Thenovel’sdetailednarrationwasalsoworthmentioning,whichgavetheworkatruthfulnesstothereallife.
TheearlysuccesswiththepublicnotonlygaveDickensanassurancethatledtoincreasedpowersofpoeticexpressionandnarrativetechnique,butalsotheconfidencetoasserthisthematicprioritiestoapointwheretheycontradictedthesocialassumptionsofmanyofhisreaders.Allhislaternovels,exceptATaleofTwoCities,presentacriticismofthemostfundamentalinstitutionsoftheVictorianEngland.
AlthoughDavidwasignorantofSteerforth’streachery,wewereawarefromthemomentwemetSteerforththathedidn’tdeserveofpraisewhichDavidfeelstowardhim.Daviddidn’tknowwhyhehatedHeeporwhyhetrustedaboywithadonkeycartwhostolehismoneyandlefthimintheroad,butitwaspossibleforhimtorealizeHeep’sinherentevilandtheboy’srealintention.InDavid’sfirst-personnarration,Dickensconveyedthewisdomoftheoldermanimplicitly,throughtheeyesofachild.
Thenovelbeganintheearly19thCentury(presumablyin1812,theyearofDickens'
sbirth)inBlunderstone,afictionalnameforarealtown,Blundeston,whichDickensvisited.ItwasineasternEnglandinthecountyofSuffolk.OthercitiesinwhichactionwassetwereLondon,Canterbury,Yarmouth,Dover,andHighgate,suburbsofLondon.Neartheendofthenovel,DavidvisitedSwitzerland,andthePeggottysandMicawberstraveledtoAustralia.(However,neithertheSwissnortheAustralianlocalesactuallyappearedinthenovel.).
SomewhereaboutthemiddleoftheserialpublicationofDavidCopperfield,happeningtobeoutofwriting-paper,hesalliedforthonemorningtogetafre