最新四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解Word格式.docx

最新四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解Word格式.docx

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据了解，百分之八十的饰品店都推出“DIY饰品”来吸引顾客，一方面顺应了年轻一代喜欢与众不同、标新立异的心理；

另一方面，自制饰品价格相对较低，可以随时更新换代，也满足了年轻人“喜新厌旧”的需要，因而很受欢迎。

（1）专业知识限制

据统计，上海国民经济持续快速增长。

03全年就实现国内生产总值（GDP）6250.81亿元，按可比价格计算，比上年增长11.8%。

第三产业的增速受非典影响而有所减缓，全年实现增加值3027.11亿元，增长8%，增幅比上年下降2个百分点。

１９９６年“碧芝自制饰品店”在迪美购物中心开张，这里地理位置十分优越，交通四通八达，由于位于市中心，汇集了来自各地的游客和时尚人群，不用担心客流量的问题。

迪美有３００多家商铺，不包括柜台，现在这个商铺的位置还是比较合适的，位于中心地带，左边出口的自动扶梯直接通向地面，从正对着的旋转式楼梯阶而上就是人民广场中央，周边４、５条地下通道都交汇于此，从自家店铺门口经过的９０％的顾客会因为好奇而进去看一下。

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1）Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:

whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornWith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.

WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:

amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.

Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage（ASL）wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish（混杂英语）.ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:

Mightdeafpeopleactually:

haveagenuinelanguage?

AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?

Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy（异端邪说）.

Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation（调节）ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”

21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe_____C___.

A）anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage

B）achallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureoflanguage

C）anapproach:

tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage

D）anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage（C）

22.The,presentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby___C_____.

A）afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain

B）aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts

C）anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf

D）someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage（C）

23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis_____B___.

A）aSubstandardlanguage

B）agenuinelanguage

C）anartificiallanguage

D）aninternationallanguage（B）

24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought_____D___.

A）signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople

B）signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted

C）alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand

D）alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds（D）

25.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat____D____.

A）signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguage

B）signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguage

C）languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes

D）languageisaproductofthebrain（D）

2）Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.I’llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;

itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:

“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest（ofGermany）andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:

“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”

ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’yenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

31.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

（B）

A）ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B）Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

C）Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

D）Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

32.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen___（A）_____.

A）thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

B）astrongicestormtiltedtheship

C）thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

D）thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

33.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans_____（D）___.

A）wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B）hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

C）wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

D）feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII

34.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?

（D）

A）Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

B）BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.

C）Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

D）Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

35.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat____（C）____.

A）theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

B）GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

C）theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy

D）it-iswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

1、现代文化对大学生饰品消费的影响

我们从小学、中学到大学，学的知识总是限制在一定范围内，缺乏在商业统计、会计，理财税收等方面的知识；

也无法把自己的创意准确而清晰地表达出来，缺少个性化的信息传递。

对目标市场和竞争对手情况缺乏了解，分析时采用的数据经不起推敲，没有说服力等。

这些都反映出我们大学生创业知识的缺乏；

合计50100%（三）上海的文化对饰品市场的影响）TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.『Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.』①Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,gentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.

　　Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.

　　OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,closeups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;

youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.

　　Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmshangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.『Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:

thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.』②Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”

　　Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthe