职称英语考试理工类A真题及答案解析Word文档格式.docx
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D.taste
B
3.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.
A.excuse
B.client
C.refusal
D.destiny
C
4.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.
A.pleased
B.powerful
C.brave
D.sensible
5.Theywerelockedinmortalcombat.
A.deadly
B.open
C.actual
D.active
A
6.Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.
A.amount
B.supply
C.tempt
D.sum
7.Theprocedureswereperceivedascomplexandlesstransparent.
A.clear
B.necessary
C.special
D.correct
8.TheStockExchangeisinturmoilfollowingahugewaveofselling.
A.Service
B.danger
C.disorder
D.threat
9.HebelievesthatEuropemustchangeoritwillperish.
A.survive
B.last
C.die
D.move
10.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuild.
A.fair
B.full
C.coexisting
D.public
11.Theypromoteassimilationofethnicgroupsintothemain-streamculture.
A.policy
B.value
C.equality
D.integration
12.Asalesman’scardinalruleistosatisfycustomers.
A.principal
B.official
C.simple
D.legal
13.Imustcomplimentyouonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation
A.silence
B.praise
C.assure
D.complain
14.Welivedforyearsinaperpetualstateoffear
A.emotional
B.nervous
C.terrible
D.Continuous
15.Thestarvingchildrenwereapatheticsight.
A.common
B.unexpected
C.unforgettable
D.Pitiful
第二部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;
如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;
如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
LackofOxygenDelayedtheRiseofAnimalsonEarth
Scientistshavelongspeculatedastowhyanimalspeciesdidn’tflourishsooner,oncesufficientoxygencoveredtheEarth’ssurface.AnimalsbegantoprosperattheendoftheProterozoicperiod,about800millionyearsago—butwhataboutthebillion-yearstretchbeforethat,whenmostresearchersthinktherealsowasplentyofoxygen?
Well,itseemstheairwasn’tsogreatthen,afterall.
InastudypublishedOct.31inScience,YaleresearcherNoahPlanavskyandhiscolleaguesfoundthatoxygenlevelsduringthe“boringbillion”periodwereonly0.1%ofwhattheyaretoday.Inotherwords,Earth’satmospherecouldn’thavesupportedadiversityofcreatures,nomatterwhatgeneticadvancementswerepoisedtooccur.
“Thereisnoquestionthatgeneticandecologicalinnovationmustultimatelybebehindtheriseofanimals,butitisequallyunavoidablethatanimalsneedacertainlevelofoxygen,”saidPlanavsky,co-leadauthoroftheresearchalongwithChristopherReinhardoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.“We’reprovidingthefirstevidencethatoxygenlevelswerelowenoughduringthisperiodtopotentiallypreventtheriseofanimals.”
Thescientistsfoundtheirevidencebyanalyzingchromium(Cr)isotopesinancientsedimentsfromChina,Australia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.ChromiumisfoundintheEarth’scontinentalcrust,andchromiumoxidationisdirectlylinkedtothepresenceoffreeoxygenintheatmosphere.
Specifically,theteamstudiedsamplesdepositedinshallow,iron-richoceanareas,neartheshore.Theycomparedtheirdatawithothersamplestakenfromyoungerlocalesknowntohavehigherlevelsofoxygen.
Oxygen’sroleincontrollingthefirstappearanceofanimalshaslongvexedscientists.“Weweremissingtherightapproachuntilnow,”Planavskysaid.“Chromiumgaveustheproxy.”Previousestimatesputtheoxygenlevelat40%oftoday’sconditionsduringpre-animaltimes,leavingopenthepossibilitythatoxygenwasalreadyplentifulenoughtosupportanimallife.
Inthenewstudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatoxygenlevelswere“highlydynamic”intheearlyatmosphere,withthepotentialforoccasionalspikes.However,theysaid,“Itseemsclearthatthereisafirst-orderdifferenceinthenatureofEarthsurfaceCrcycling”beforeandaftertheriseofanimals.
“Ifweareright,ourresultswillreallychangehowpeopleviewtheoriginsofanimalsandothercomplexlife,andtheirrelationshipstotheco-evolvingenvironment,”saidco-authorTimLyonsoftheUniversityofCalifornia-Riverside.“Thiscouldbeagamechanger.”
“There’salotofinterestrightnowinabroaderdiscussionsurroundingtherolethatenvironmentalstabilityplayedintheevolutionofcomplexlife,andwethinkourresultsareasignificantcontributiontothat,”Reinhardsaid.
16.ThestudydiscoveredtheriseofanimalsoccurredearlierthantheProterozoicperiod.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
17.Manyresearchersbelievetheoxygenlevelwashighduringpre-animaltimes.
C.Notmentioned
18.Theteamwasfundedbyseveralresearchinstitutes.
19.Geneticadvancementstriggeredtheriseofanimals.
20.Thesamplesstudiedintheresearchwerecollectedinoceanareas.
21.ThestudyrevealedthatchromiumfoundinEarth’scontinentalcrustremainedstablebeforeandaftertheriseofanimals.
22.TimLyonslikedtoplaycomputergamesinhissparetime.
第三部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
FirstImage-recognitionSoftware
1.DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.
2.Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm(运算法则)forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel(像素)datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned(收集)fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions(图片说明),makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.
3."
Overthelast30years,"
saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"
theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist(主旨)ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch."
4.Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic(语义的)informationfromthepixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries(查询)onadatabaseof50millionWebpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthatthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.
23.Paragraph1_____F_______
24.Paragraph2_____A______
25.Paragraph3_____D_____
26.Paragraph4____B_____
A.Functionofthenewsystem
B.Improvementindocumentretrieval
C.Publicationofthenewdiscovery
D.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines
E.Popularityofthenewsystem
F.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated
27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby________A_______.
28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin_____D______.
29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore_______E______.
30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe_______C______.
A.usingphotos
B.descriptionoftheHTMLpage
C.currentpopularsearchengines
D.documentsearch
E.informationinimages
F.machinevisionsystems
第四部分:
阅读理解
(第31—45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇FaceMasksMayNotProtectfromSuper-Flu
IFasuper-flustrikes,facemasksmaynotprotectyou.Whetherwidespreaduseofmaskswillhelp,orharm,duringthenextworldwidefluoutbreakisaquestionthatresearchersarestudyingfuriously.Noresultshavecomefromtheirmaskresearchyet.However,thegovernmentsayspeopleshouldconsiderwearingthemincertainsituationsanyway,justincase.
Butit’saquestionthepublickeepsaskingwhilethegovernmentaremakingpreparationsforthenextflupandemi
C.SotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)cameupwithpreliminaryguidelines.“Wedon’twantpeoplewearingthemeverywhere,”saidtheCD
C.“Theoverallrecommendationreallyistoavoidexposure.”
Whenthat’snotpossible,theguidelinessaytoconsiderwearingasimplesurgicalmaskifyo