cet41Word格式.docx
《cet41Word格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《cet41Word格式.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
2.竞争促使生产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务。
3.竞争促进了社会的进一步发展。
Competition
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Earthquake
CanScientistsPredictKillerEarthquakes?
ThedatewasNovember23,1980.PeoplenearNaples,insouthernItaly,felttheEarthrollandshake.Earthquake!
Suddenlybuildingscametumblingdown.Cracksappearedintheearth.Withinminutes,entiretownsweredestroyed.Thousandsofpeopleweredead.Thousandsmorewereinjured.
Asrescuerssearchedthroughtherubble,manypeoplemusthavewondered,ofonlythevictimshadknownaheadoftime,manylivescouldhavebeensaved.
Actually,anItalianscientistdidpredictthatsuchaquakewouldhappen.In1977Dr.M.CaputooftheUniversiteDegilesStudiinRomewarnedthatalargequakewouldsoonstriketheeastofNaples.Unfortunately,hecouldn’tpredicttheexacttimeanddateofthequake.
Dr.Caputomadehisgeneralpredictionaftertalkingwithscientistsat54earthquakemonitoringstationsthroughoutItaly.HelearnedthatmanyearthquakeshadrecentlyrockeddifferentareasaroundNaples.ButnonehadoccurredinoneparticularspoteastofNaplesformanyyears.Dr.Caputofeltthattheareawaslongoverdueforalargequake.Anditwas.
EarthquakeStrikesinGap
ThequakeoccurredinaregionthatDr.Caputocalledaseismicgap.Aseismicgapisanareainanactiveearthquakeregionwherenoearthquakeorseismicactivityhasbeenrecordedinalongtime.SeismicgapsarelocatedwheretwolargeplatesintheEarthhavebecomestuck.
Whentheplatesslidepasteachother,theysometimesbecamelockedinplace.Asimilarthinghappenswhenyoumakearunningleaponasidewalkwhilewearingsneakers.Whenyoulandonbothfeet,thesneakersgrabontoroughsurface.Frictiontendstoholdyourfeetbackwhiletherestofyourbodygoesforward.Youmayendupfallingflatonyourface.
Inthecaseofplates,however,theunevensurfacesbetweentheplatescausetheplatestoremainlockedinplaceforyears.Hugepressurebuildsupbehindeachplate.Periodically,ashudder,ortremor,isrecordedassomeofthisenergyisreleased.
Finally,afterabout50years,rockintheseismicgapeithersuddenlybreaksormovesunderthegreatstress.Thissuddenreleaseofenergysendsshockwavesthroughtherocklayersabove.Thegroundshakes,sidewalkscrack,andbuildingstumble.Amightyquakehasstruck.
GapsUsedToPredictQuakes
Manygeologistshaveusedwhatiscalledtheseismicgaptechniquetoaccuratelypredictearthquakes.ThetechniquewasfirstdevelopedbySovietearthquakeexpertDr.V.FodotovduringhisstudiesofancientandrecentJapaneseearthquakes.Dr.Fodotovwasmarkingthelocation,size,anddateofallknownquakesinJapanwhenhenoticedastrikingpattern.
AllmajorearthquakeswerefoundtooccurinonlyafewisolatedspotsinJapan.Eachofthesespots,henoted,experiencedamajorquakeonlyonceevery50to60years.Dr.Fodotovconcludedthatspotsthathadnthadaquakeinmorethan50yearswere“ripe”foraquake.TheRussianscientistnamedtheselocationsseismicgaps.
Inthepastseveralyears,geologistsfromothercountrieshavefoundseismicgapsinotherpartsoftheworld.Aftermakingdetailedstudiesofpastquakesintheseregions,thegeologistswereabletomakeanaccuratepredictionofwhenaquakewouldoccur.
HowDoAnimalsKnowWhenanEarthquakeIsComing?
Scientistswhotrytopredictearthquakeshavegottensomenewhelpersrecently—animals.
That’sright,animals.Scientistshavebeguntocatchontowhatfarmershaveknownforthousandsofyears.Animalsoftenseemtoknowinadvancethatanearthquakeiscoming,andtheyshowtheirfearbyactinginstrangeways.BeforeaChinesequakein1975,snakesawokefromtheirwintersleepearlyonlytofreezetodeathinthecoldair.Cowsbroketheirhaltersandtriedtoescape.Chickensrefusedtoentertheircoop.Allofthisunusualbehavior,aswellasphysicalchangesintheearth,alertedChinesescientiststothecomingquake.Theymovedpeopleawayfromthedangerzoneandsavedthousandsoflives.
Onetaskforscientiststodayistolearnexactlywhichtypesofanimalbehaviorpredictquakes.It’snotaneasyjob.Firstofallnoteveryanimalreactstothedangerofanearthquake.JustbeforeaCaliforniaquakein1977,forexample,anArabianstallionbecameverynervousandtriedtobreakoutofhisstall.Thehorsenexttohim,however,remainedperfectlycalm.It’salsodifficultattimestotellthedifferencebetweennormalanimalrestlessnessand“earthquakenerves”.Azookeeperoncecalledearthquakeresearcherstosaythathiscougarhadbeenactingstrangely.Itturnedoutthatthecathadanupsetstomach.
Asecondtaskforscientistsistofindoutexactlywhatkindofwarningstheanimalsreceive.Theyknowthatanimalssensefarmoreoftheworldthanhumansdo.Manyanimalscansee,hear,andsmellthingsthatpeopledonotevennotice.Somecandetecttinychangesinairpressure,gravity,orthemagnetismofEarth.Thisextrasenseprobablyhelpsanimalspredictquakes.
Agoodexampleofthisoccurredwithagroupofdogs.Theywerepennedupinanareathatwasbeingshakenbyaseriesoftinyearthquakes.(Severalsmallquakesoftencomebeforeorafteralargeone.)Beforeeachquakealowboomingsoundwasheard.Eachboomcausedthedogstobarkwildly.Thenthedogsbegantobarkduringasilentperiod.Ascientistwhowasrecordingtilequakeslookedathismachine.Itwasactingasthoughtherewerealoudnoisetoo.Thescientistrealizedthatthedogshadreactedtoaboomingnoise.Theyalsosensedthetinyquakethatfollowedit.Themachinerecordedboth,thoughhumansfeltandheardnothing.
Inthiscasetherewasamachinetomonitorwhatthedogsweresensing.Manytimes,however,ourmachinesrecordnothingoutoftheordinary,eventhoughanimalsknowaquakeiscoming.Theanimalsmightbesensingsomethingwesomeasurebutdonotrecognizeasawarning.Discoveringwhatanimalssense,andlearninghowtheyknowitisadangersignal,isajobforfuturescientists.
1.SincenoonehadpredictedtheprecisedateoftheearthquakestrikingeastofNaples,peopletheresufferedheavylossinthedestruction.
2.AseismicgapislocatedatthejunctionoftwointerlockingplatesintheEarth,andwherenoseismicactivityhasbeenrecordedforalongtime.
3.Fromthepassagewelearnthataregularstrikingpatterncanbefoundinanactiveearthquakeregion.
4.DuringanearthquakeinChina1975,cowsbroketheirhaltersandranawayfromtheirsheds.
5.AsitisusedinParagraph13,theword“cat”referstoatypicaldomesticcat.
6.Allanimalsbutmencannoticetinychangedinairpressure,gravity,orthemagnetismofEarth.
7.ThedogsmentionedinParagraph15hadsensedboththelowboomsandtheminorquakesfollowingthem.
1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]
4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]
7.[Y][N][NG]
8.Dr.CaputobasedhispredictionuponthefactthatlotsofearthquakeshadrecentlyoccurredinallareasaroundNaplesbutits___________.
9.Accordingtotheauthor’sinformation,every50yearsorso,amightyearthquakewillberecordedat___________________.
10.Chinesescientistsevacuatedpeoplefrom_____________aftertheyhadnoticedthestrangebehaviorofsomeanimalsaswellasphysicalchangesintheearth.
PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)
SectionA
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
WhatisitaboutAmericansandfood?
Welovetoeat,butwefeel47aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebest,butwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re48withhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity.Perhapsthe49tothisambivalenceliesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspicesbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcropwasn’teatenbutsmoked.ThentherewasProhibition,intendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore50waysofdoingit.
Theimmigrantexperience,too,hasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRomansdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eat,butournation’sfoodhascometobe51byimports-pizza,say,orhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles.
Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesit-insatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconceptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeat