句子成分化分专练文档格式.docx
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谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
He
practicesrunningeverymorning.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
女口:
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:
Wearestudents.
(四)表语:
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)
Isityours?
(代词)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)
Thespeechisexciting.(分词)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?
(数词)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)
Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?
Ihavefive.(数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.
(名词化形容词)
Hepretendednotto
seeme(.不定式短语)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)宾语补足语:
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:
某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)
Letthefreshairin.(副词)
Youmustn'
tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短
语)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)
(七)定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;
Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
(八)状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)状语种类如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?
(时间状语)
Lastnightshedidn'
tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn'
train.(条件状语)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaLtomorow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelse_to_say?
15.Tobehonest;
yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、英语的句子成分:
1、Wallshaveears.()
2、Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.()
3、Toseeistobelieve.()
4、Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.()
5、Actionspeakslouderthanwords.
6、Thechaneemaynevercomeagain.
7、Maryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994.
8、Myfatherisaprofessor()
9、Who'
sthat?
It'
sme()10、Everythinghereisexpensive.(
11、Thematchbecameveryexciting.()
12、Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelpto
others.()
13、Threetimesfiveisfifteen.()
14、Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.()
15、Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyour
feelings.()
16、Shecovered^herfacewithherhands.(
17、
Wehaven'
tseenherforalongtime.(
18
19、
Doyoumindopeningthewindow?
(
Givemefourplease.()
20、
21、
Hewantstodreamanicedream.(
Theyarewomanworkers.()
22、Tom'
sfatherdidn'
twritehomeuntilyesterday.
23、Maryisabeautifulgirl..()
24、Theplayhasthreeacts.()
25、ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.()
26、Chinaisadevelopingcountry.()
27、Ihavenothingtoeat()
28、Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.()
29、
Ileftthevillage
fiveyearsago
30、Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetraffic
jam.()
31、Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,
leavingonlybones.()
32、Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singin(
anddancing.()
33、Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.()
34、Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.()
36、Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.()
37、Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.
()
38、Isawhimgoingupstairs.()