单片机和keil毕业论文外文翻译Word格式.docx

单片机和keil毕业论文外文翻译Word格式.docx

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Alsoknownassingle-chipMCU（Microcontroller）,becauseitwasfirstusedinthefieldofindustrialcontrol.Onlybythesingle-chipCPUchipdevelopedfromthededicatedprocessor.ThedesignconceptisthefirstbyalargenumberofperipheralsandCPUinasinglechip,thecomputersystemsothatsmaller,moreeasilyintegratedintothecomplexanddemandingonthevolumecontroldevices.INTELtheZ80isoneofthefirstdesigninaccordancewiththeideaoftheprocessor,Fromthenon,theMCUandthedevelopmentofadedicatedprocessorpartedways.

Earlysingle-chip8-bitorallofthefour.OneofthemostsuccessfulisINTEL'

s8031,becausetheperformanceofasimpleandreliableaccesstoalotofgoodpraise.Sincethenin8031todevelopasingle-chipmicrocomputersystemMCS51series.Basedonsingle-chipmicrocomputersystemofthesystemisstillwidelyuseduntilnow.Asthefieldofindustrialcontrolrequirementsincreaseinthebeginningofa16-bitsingle-chip,butnotidealbecausethepricehasnotbeenverywidelyused.Afterthe90'

swiththebigconsumerelectronicsproductdevelopment,single-chiptechnologyisahugeimprovement.INTELi960SerieswithsubsequentARMinparticular,abroadrangeofapplications,quicklyreplacedby32-bitsingle-chip16-bitsingle-chiphigh-endstatus,andenterthemainstreammarket.Traditional8-bitsingle-chipperformancehasbeentherapidincreaseinprocessingpowercomparedtothe80'

storaiseafewhundredtimes.Atpresent,thehigh-end32-bitsingle-chipfrequencyover300MHz,theperformanceofthemid-90'

scloseontheheelsofaspecialprocessor,whiletheordinarypriceofthemodeldroppedtooneU.S.dollars,themosthigh-endmodels,only10U.S.dollars.Contemporarysingle-chipmicrocomputersystemisnolongeronlythebare-metalenvironmentinthedevelopmentanduseofalargenumberofdedicatedembeddedoperatingsystemiswidelyusedinthefullrangeofsingle-chipmicrocomputer.InPDAsandcellphonesasthecoreprocessingofhigh-endsingle-chiporevenadedicateddirectaccesstoWindowsandLinuxoperatingsystems.

Morethanadedicatedsingle-chipprocessorsuitableforembeddedsystems,soitwasuptotheapplication.Infactthenumberofsingle-chipistheworld'

slargestcomputer.Modernhumanlifeusedinalmosteverypieceofelectronicandmechanicalproductswillhaveasingle-chipintegration.Phone,telephone,calculator,homeappliances,electronictoys,handheldcomputersandcomputeraccessoriessuchasamouseintheDepartmentareequippedwith1-2singlechip.Andpersonalcomputersalsohavealargenumberofsingle-chipmicrocomputerintheworkplace.Vehiclesequippedwithmorethan40Departmentofthegeneralsingle-chip,complexindustrialcontrolsystemsandevensingle-chipmayhavehundredsofworkatthesametime!

SCMisnotonlyfarexceedsthenumberofPCandotherintegratedcomputing,even

morethanthenumberofhumanbeings.

Hardwaveintroduction

The8051familyofmicrocontrollersisbasedonanarchitecturewhichishighlyoptimizedforembeddedcontrolsystems.ItisusedinawidevarietyofapplicationsfrommilitaryequipmenttoautomobilestothekeyboardonyourPC.SecondonlytotheMotorola68HC11ineightbitprocessorssales,the8051familyofmicrocontrollersisavailableinawidearrayofvariationsfrommanufacturerssuchasIntel,Philips,andSiemens.Thesemanufacturershaveaddednumerousfeaturesandperipheralstothe8051suchasI2Cinterfaces,analogtodigitalconverters,watchdogtimers,andpulsewidthmodulatedoutputs.Variationsofthe8051withclockspeedsupto40MHzandvoltagerequirementsdownto1.5voltsareavailable.Thiswiderangeofpartsbasedononecoremakesthe8051familyanexcellentchoiceasthebasearchitectureforacompany'

sentirelineofproductssinceitcanperformmanyfunctionsanddeveloperswillonlyhavetolearnthisoneplatform.

Thebasicarchitectureconsistsofthefollowingfeatures:

?

aneightbitALU

32descreteI/Opins（4groupsof8）whichcanbeindividuallyaccessed

two16bittimer/counters

fullduplexUART

6interruptsourceswith2prioritylevels

128bytesofonboardRAM

separate64KbyteaddressspacesforDATAandCODEmemory

One8051processorcycleconsistsoftwelveoscillatorperiods.Eachofthetwelveoscillatorperiodsisusedforaspecialfunctionbythe8051coresuchasopcodefetchesandsamplesoftheinterruptdaisychainforpendinginterrupts.Thetimerequiredforany8051instructioncanbecomputedbydividingtheclockfrequencyby12,invertingthatresultandmultiplyingitbythenumberofprocessorcyclesrequiredbytheinstructioninquestion.Therefore,ifyouhaveasystemwhichisusingan11.059MHzclock,youcancomputethenumberofinstructionspersecondbydividingthisvalueby12.Thisgivesaninstructionfrequencyof921583instructionspersecond.Invertingthiswillprovidetheamountoftimetakenbyeachinstructioncycle（1.085microseconds）.

二、ettingStartedwithµ

TheKeilSoftware8051developmenttoolslistedbelowareprogramsyouusetocompileyourCcode,assembleyourassemblysourcefiles,linkandlocateobjectmodulesandlibraries,createHEXfiles,anddebugyourtargetprogram.

µ

Vision2forWindows?

isanIntegratedDevelopmentEnvironmentthatcombinesprojectmanagement,sourcecodeediting,andprogramdebugginginonesingle,powerfulenvironment.

TheC51ANSIOptimizingCCrossCompilercreatesrelocatableobjectmodulesfromyourCsourcecode.

TheA51MacroAssemblercreatesrelocatableobjectmodulesfromyour8051assemblysourcecode.

TheBL51Linker/LocatorcombinesrelocatableobjectmodulescreatedbytheC51CompilerandtheA51Assemblerintoabsoluteobjectmodules.

TheLIB51LibraryManagercombinesobjectmodulesintolibrariesthatmaybeusedbythelinker.

TheOH51Object-HEXConvertercreatesIntelHEXfilesfromabsoluteobjectmodules.

TheRTX-51Real-timeOperatingSystemsimplifiesthedesignofcomplex,time-criticalsoftwareprojects.

SoftwareDevelopmentCycle

WhenyouusetheKeilSoftwaretools,theprojectdevelopmentcycleisroughlythesameasitisforanyothersoftwaredevelopmentproject.

1.Createaproject,selectthetargetchipfromthedevicedatabase,andconfigurethetoolsettings.

2.CreatesourcefilesinCorassembly.

3.Buildyourapplicationwiththeprojectmanager.

4.Correcterrorsinsourcefiles.

5.Testthelinkedapplication.

Vision2IDE

Theµ

Vision2IDEcombinesprojectmanagement,arich-featurededitorwithinteractiveerrorcorrection,optionsetup,makefacility,andon-linehelp.Useµ

Vision2tocreateyoursourcefilesandorganizethemintoaprojectthatdefinesyourtargetapplication.µ

Vision2automaticallycompiles,assembles,andlinksyourembeddedapplicationandprovidesasinglefocalpointforyourdevelopmentefforts.

LIB51LibraryManager

TheLIB51librarymanagerallowsyoutocreateobjectlibraryfromtheobjectfilescreatedbythecompilerandassembler.Librariesarespeciallyformatted,orderedprogramcollectionsofobjectmodulesthatmaybeusedbythelinkeratalatertime.Whenthelinkerprocessesalibrary,onlythoseobjectmodulesinthelibrarythatarenecessarytocreatetheprogramareused.

BL51Linker/Locator

TheBL51linkercreatesanabsoluteobjectmoduleusingtheobjectmodulesextractedfromlibrariesandthosecreatedbythecompilerandassembler.Anabsoluteobjectfileormodulecontainsnorelocatablecodeordata.Allcodeanddataresideatfixedmemorylocations.Theabsoluteobjectfilemaybeused:

ToprogramanEPROMorothermemorydevices,

Withtheµ

Vision2Debuggerforsimulationandtargetdebugging,

Withanin-circuitemulatorfortheprogramtesting.

Vision2Debugger

Vision2symbolic,source-leveldebuggerisideallysuitedforfast,reliableprogramdebugging.Thedebuggerincludesahigh-speedsimulatorthatletyousimulateanentire8051systemincludingon-chipperipheralsandexternalhardware.TheattributesofthechipyouuseareautomaticallyconfiguredwhenyouselectthedevicefromtheDeviceDatabase.

Vision2Debuggerprovidesseveralwaysforyoutotestyourprogramson

realtargethardware:

InstalltheMON51TargetMonitoronyourtargetsystemanddownloadyourprogramusingtheMonitor-51interfacebuilt-intotheµ

Vision2Debugger.，

UsetheAdvancedGDIinterfacetoattachusetheµ

Vision2Debuggerfrontendwithyourtargetsystem.

Monitor-51

Vision2DebuggersupportstargetdebuggingusingMonitor-51.Themonitorprogramresidesinthememoryofyourtargethardwareandcommunicateswiththeµ

Vision2Debuggerusingtheserialportofthe8051andaCOMportofyourPC.WithMonitor-51,µ

Vision2letsyouperformsource-level,symbolicdebuggingonyourtargethardware.

RTX51Real-TimeOperatingSystem

TheRTX51real-timeoperatingsystemisamultitaskingkernelforthe8051microcontrollerfamily.TheRTX51real-timekernelsimplifiesthesystemdesign,programming,anddebuggingofcomplexapplicationswherefastreactiontotimec