流体力学名词Word下载.docx

流体力学名词Word下载.docx

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进口

entrance,inlet

出口

exit,outlet

扰动

disturbance,perturbation

分布distribution

传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量addedmass,associatedmass收缩contraction镜象法imagemethod无量纲参数dimensionlessparameter几何相似geometricsimilarity运动相似kinematicsimilarity动力相似［性］dynamicsimilarity平面流planeflow势potential势流potentialflow速度势velocitypotential复势complexpotential复速度complexvelocity流函数streamfunction源source汇sink速度［水］头velocityhead拐角流cornerflow

空泡流cavityflow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavityflow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speedaerodynamics高速空气动力学high-speedaerodynamics气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流［动］subsonicflow跨声速流［动］transonicflow超声速流［动］supersonicflow锥形流conicalflow楔流wedgeflow叶栅流cascadeflow非平衡流［动］non-equilibriumflow细长体slenderbody细长度slenderness钝头体bluffbody钝体bluntbody翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoiltheory构型configuration

后缘trailingedge迎角angleofattack失速stall脱体激波detachedshockwave波阻wavedrag诱导阻力induceddrag诱导速度inducedvelocity临界雷诺数criticalReynoldsnumber前缘涡leadingedgevortex附着涡boundvortex约束涡confinedvortex气动中心aerodynamiccenter气动力aerodynamicforce气动噪声aerodynamicnoise气动加热aerodynamicheating离解dissociation地面效应groundeffect气体动力学gasdynamics稀疏波rarefactionwave热状态方程thermalequationofstate喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyerflow瑞利流Rayleighflow可压缩流［动］compressibleflow可压缩流体compressiblefluid绝热流adiabaticflow非绝热流diabaticflow未扰动流undisturbedflow等熵流isentropicflow匀熵流homoentropicflow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniotcondition状态方程equationofstate量热状态方程caloricequationofstate完全气体perfectgas拉瓦尔喷管Lavalnozzle马赫角Machangle马赫锥Machcone马赫线Machline马赫数Machnumber马赫波Machwave当地马赫数localMachnumber冲击波shockwave激波shockwave

正激波normalshockwave斜激波obliqueshockwave头波bowwave附体激波attachedshockwave激波阵面shockfront激波层shocklayer压缩波compressi

onwave

反射

reflection

折射

refraction

散射

scattering

衍射

diffraction

绕射

diffrac

tion

出口压力exitpressure超压［强］overpressure

反压

backpressure

爆炸

explosion

爆轰

detonation

缓燃

deflagration

水动力学hydrodynamics

液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylorinstability盖斯特纳波Gerstnerwave斯托克斯波Stokeswave瑞利数Rayleighnumber自由面freesurface波速wavespeed,wavevelocity波高waveheight波列wavetrain波群wavegroup波能waveenergy表面波surfacewave表面张力波capillarywave规则波regularwave不规则波irregularwave浅水波shallowwaterwave深水波deepwaterwave重力波gravitywave椭圆余弦波cnoidalwave潮波tidalwave涌波surgewave

破碎波breakingwave船波shipwave非线性波nonlinearwave孤立子soliton水动［力］噪声hydrodynamicnoise水击waterhammer空化cavitation空化数cavitationnumber空蚀cavitationdamage超空化流supercavitatingflow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波floodwave涟漪ripple消能energydissipation海洋水动力学marinehydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezyformula欧拉数Eulernumber弗劳德数Froudenumber水力半径hydraulicradius水力坡度hvdraulicslope

高度水头elevatinghead

水头损失headloss

水位waterlevel水跃hydraulicjump

含水层

aquifer

排水drainage

排放量

discharge

壅水曲线backwatercurve压［强水］头pressurehead过水断面flowcross-section

明槽流

openchannelflow

孔流orificeflow

无压流

freesurfaceflow

有压流

pressureflow

缓流subcriticalflow

急流supercriticalflow

渐变流

graduallyvariedflow

急变流

rapidlyvariedflow

临界流

criticalflow

异重流

densitycurrent,gravity

flow

堰流weirflow

掺气流

aeratedflow

含沙流

sediment-ladenstream

降水曲线dropdowncurve

沉积物

sediment,deposit

沉[降堆]积sedimentation,deposition沉降速度settlingvelocity流动稳定性flowstability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeldequation

涡量方程vorticityequation

泊肃叶流Poiseuilleflow

奥辛流

Oseenflow

剪切流

shearflow

粘性流[动]viscousflow层流laminarflow

分离流

separatedflow

二次流

secondaryflow

近场流

nearfieldflow

远场流

farfieldflow

滞止流

stagnationflow

尾流wake[flow]

回流backflow反流reverseflow

射流jet自由射流freejet管流pipeflow,tubeflow内流internalflow拟序结构coherentstructure猝发过程burstingprocess表观粘度appare

ntviscosity运动粘性kinematicviscosity动力粘性dynamicviscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shearlayer

次层sublayer流动分离flowseparation层流分离laminarseparation

湍流分离

turbulentseparation

分离点separationpoint附着点attachmentpoint再附reattachment

再层流化

relaminarization

起动涡startingvortex驻涡standingvortex

涡旋破碎

vortexbreakdown

涡旋脱落

vortexshedding

压［力］降

pressuredrop

压差阻力

pressuredrag

压力能pressureenergy型阻profiledrag

滑移速度

slipvelocity

无滑移条件non-slipcondition

壁剪应力

skinfriction,frictional

drag

壁剪切速度frictionvelocity

磨擦损失

frictionloss

磨擦因子

frictionfactor

耗散dissipation

滞后lag

相似性解similarsolution

局域相似localsimilarity

气体润滑gaslubrication

液体动力润滑hydrodynamiclubrication

浆体slurry

泰勒数Taylornumber

纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokesequation

牛顿流体Newtonianfluid

边界层理论

boundarylatertheory

边界层方程

boundarylayerequation

边界层boundarylayer

附面层boundarylayer

层流边界层

laminarboundarylayer

湍流边界层

turbulentboundarylayer

温度边界层

thermalboundarylayer

边界层转捩

boundarylayertransition

边界层分离

boundarylayerseparation

边界层厚度

boundarylayerthickness

位移厚度displacementthickness

动量厚度momentumthickness

能量厚度energythickness焓厚度enthalpythickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylorvortex速度亏损律velocitydefectlaw形状因子shapefactor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si]metry流动显示flowvisualization油烟显示oilsmokevisualization孔板流量计orificemeter频率响应frequencyresponse油膜显示oilfilmvisualization阴影法shadowmethod纹影法schlierenmethod烟丝法smokewiremethod丝线法tuftmethod氢泡法nydrogenbubblemethod相似理论similaritytheory相似律similaritylaw部分相似partialsimilarity定理pitheorem,Buckingham

theorem

静[态]校准staticcalibration动态校准dynamiccalibration风洞windtunnel

激波管

shocktube

激波管风洞shocktubewindtunnel水洞watertunnel拖曳水池towingtank旋臂水池rotatingarmbasin

扩散段

diffuser

测压孔

pressuretap

皮托管

pitottube

普雷斯顿管prestontube斯坦顿管Stantontube文丘里管Venturitube

U形管

U-tube

压强计

manometer

微压计

micromanometer

多管压强计multiplemanometer

静压管

static[pressure]tube

流速计

anemometer

风速管Pitot-statictube

激光多普勒测速计laserDoppleranemometer,laserDopplervelocimeter

热线流速计hot-wireanemometer

热膜流速计hot-filmanemometer流量计flowmeter

粘度计visco[si]meter

涡量计vorticitymeter传感器transducer,sensor压强传感器pressuretransducer热敏电阻thermistor

示踪物tracer时间线timeline脉线streakline尺度效应scaleeffect壁效应walleffect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockageeffect

动态响应

dynamicresponse

响应频率

responsefrequency

底压basepressure

菲克定律

Ficklaw

巴塞特力

Bassetforce

埃克特数

Eckertnumber

格拉斯霍夫数Grashofnumber

努塞特数

Nusseltnumber

普朗特数

prandtlnumber

雷诺比拟

Reynoldsanalogy

施密特数

schmidtnumber

斯坦顿数

Stantonnumber

对流convection

自由对流

naturalconvection,free

convec-tion

强迫对流

forcedconvection

热对流heatconvection

质量传递

masstransfer

传质系数

masstransfercoefficient

热量传递

heattransfer

传热系数

heattransfercoefficient

对流传热

convectiveheattransfer

辐射传热radiativeheattransfer

动量交换momentumtransfer能量传递energytransfer传导conduction热传导conductiveheattransfer热交换heatexchange临界热通量criticalheatflux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusionvelocity分子扩散moleculardiffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computationalfluiddynamics（mechanics）多重尺度问题multiplescaleproblem伯格斯方程Burgersequation对流扩散方程convectiondiffusionequation

KDU方程KDVequation修正微分方程modifieddifferentialequation拉克斯等价定理Laxequivalencetheorem数值模拟numericalsimulation大涡模拟largeeddysimulation数值粘性numericalviscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinearinstability希尔特稳定性分析Hirtstabilityanalysis相容条件consistencycondition

CFL条件Courant-Friedrichs-Lewycondition,CFLcondition狄里克雷边界条件Dirichletbound