山东大学考博英语完型填空和阅读试题Word格式.docx

山东大学考博英语完型填空和阅读试题Word格式.docx

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Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.They,didn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstononfinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn’twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential.”ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.

36.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy________.

A）ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI

B）ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles

C）hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS

D）ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping（B）

37.Weknowfromthepassagethat________.

A）thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation

B）moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses

C）legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection

D）lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers’buyinghabits（D）

38.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif________.

A）youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber

B）youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod

C）youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline

D）youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory（B）

39.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause________.

A）itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw

B）ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic

C）itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation

D）itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy（A）

40.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

A）bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusiness

B）“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebanned

C）privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforced

D）consumers’privacywillcontinuetobeinvaded（D）

36.B

37.D

38.B

39.A

40.D

1997年6月

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:

amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.”

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:

speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;

inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselves-toglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakeratthe`precisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:

iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:

theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

36.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare________.

A）ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B）somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld

C）ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D）somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate（A）

37.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson________.

A）whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B）whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C）whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D）whosefaceisfreeofanycovering（C）

38.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause________.

A）theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B）theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C）theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D）theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood（D）

39.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto________.

A）onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B）eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C）improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D）constantadjustmentofeyecontact（C）

40.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants________.

A）nottoweardarkspectacles

B）nottomakeanyinterruptions

C）nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D）nottomakeunpredictablepauses（A）

36.A

37.C

38.D

39.C

40.A

1998年1月

Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskindeep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnotsobeautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:

Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.

UnAmerican,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?

Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties（虔诚）whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers-apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaveragelookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,what