山东大学考博英语完型填空和阅读试题Word格式.docx

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山东大学考博英语完型填空和阅读试题Word格式.docx

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.They,didn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstononfinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn’twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential.”ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.

36.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy________.

A)ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI

B)ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles

C)hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS

D)ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping(B)

37.Weknowfromthepassagethat________.

A)thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation

B)moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses

C)legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection

D)lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers’buyinghabits(D)

38.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif________.

A)youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber

B)youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod

C)youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline

D)youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory(B)

39.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause________.

A)itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw

B)ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic

C)itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation

D)itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy(A)

40.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

A)bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusiness

B)“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebanned

C)privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforced

D)consumers’privacywillcontinuetobeinvaded(D)

36.B

37.D

38.B

39.A

40.D

1997年6月

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:

amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.”

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:

speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;

inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselves-toglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakeratthe`precisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:

iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:

theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

36.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare________.

A)ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B)somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld

C)ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D)somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate(A)

37.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson________.

A)whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B)whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C)whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D)whosefaceisfreeofanycovering(C)

38.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause________.

A)theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B)theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C)theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D)theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood(D)

39.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto________.

A)onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B)eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C)improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D)constantadjustmentofeyecontact(C)

40.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants________.

A)nottoweardarkspectacles

B)nottomakeanyinterruptions

C)nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D)nottomakeunpredictablepauses(A)

36.A

37.C

38.D

39.C

40.A

 

1998年1月

Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskindeep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnotsobeautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:

Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.

UnAmerican,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?

Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties(虔诚)whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers-apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaveragelookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,what

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