课文听力文本unit6visionsofbusiness文档格式.docx

课文听力文本unit6visionsofbusiness文档格式.docx

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policies;

topofficers

Lifetime

Limited

Unlimited

Tapescript:

Businessesarestructuredtomeetdifferentneeds.Onebasicdifferenceinvolves

whoisresponsibleforthebusiness.Anotherinvolveshowlongtheorganizationcan

stayinbusiness.

Thesimplestformofbusinessiscalledanindividualproprietorship.Theword

proprietorcomesfromFrenchandLatinwordsforpropertyowner.Theproprietorowns

allthepropertyofthebusinessandisresponsibleforit.Thelawrecognizesno

differencebetweentheownerandthebusiness.MostsmallbusinessesintheUnited

Statesareindividualproprietorships.

Anotherkindofbusinessisthepartnership.Twoormorepeoplegointobusiness

together.Anagreementisusuallyneededtostatehowmuchofthepartnershipeach

personcontrols.Theycanendthepartnershipatanytime.

Butpartnershipsandindividualproprietorshipshavealimitedlife.Theyexist

onlyaslongastheownersarealive.

Somestatespermitwhatarecalledlimitedliabilitypartnerships.Thesehave

fullpartnersandlimitedpartners.Limitedpartnersmaynotshareasmuchinthe

profits.Buttheirresponsibilitiestotheorganizationarealsolimited.

Themostcomplexisthecorporation.Thiskindofbusinessorganizationis

designedtohaveanunlimitedlifetime.Investorsinacorporationownstock.This

isashareoftheownership.Investorscantradetheirsharesorkeepthemaslong

asthecompanyisinbusiness.

Investorsmaygetpaiddividends,asmallamountofmoneyforeachsharethey

own.

Aboardofdirectorscompanyofficers.The

controlsdirectors

thecorporatemightor

policies.mightnot

Thedirectorsappointholdanysharesin

top

the

corporation.

Notallcorporationsaretraditionalbusinessesthatsellstock.TheAmerican

RedCross,forexample,isorganizedasanon-profitcorporation.

PartII

MichaelDellvs.FrederickSmith（I）

ExerciseA.

MichaelDell:

1.Chairman

2.

CEO

3.Dell4.tenuredCEO

5.computerindustry

6.direct-to-consumer

7.build-to-order

8.DellComputer9.middle-man

FrederickSmith:

President3.CEO

4.FedEx

5.transportation

6.overnightdelivery7.just-in-timedelivery8.FedEx9.FedEx10.

grounddelivery

Keys.

1）thequalityofservice

2）thebreadthofthenetwork

3）theuniqueservicesneeded

4）thecost

JeffGreenfield:

Thankyou.OKlook

it

’snotallthatunusuallytodreamupa

businessideawhileyou

’reincollege.Youknow,youbookthebands

for

parties,

youdeliver

pizzasto

dorm.OK,dreaming

upanew

multi-billiondollarindustryfromthegroundup,thisisalittle

lessusual.Butitissomethingbothofourguestsaccomplishedeven

ifnoteveryonerealizeditatthetime.

When

Fred

Smithwrote

aterm

paper

outlining

his

ideafor

an

overnight

delivery

service,

teacher

gavehimaCminus.Heoff

and

wentontocreate

FederalExpress.

We'

ll

betalking

about

that

andother

matterswithFredSmith,theChairman,PresidentandCEOofFedEx

Corporation,alittlelaterintheprogram.ButfirstMichaelDell,

whodroppedoutofcollege

after

ayear

to

startthebusiness,

hestill

heads.AsChairmanandCEOofDellComputer,MichaelDellhappensto

bethelongest

tenured

CEOinthe

entire

computer

industry.

He'

s

also

mansolelyresponsiblefor

creatingthe

direct-to-consumermodel

thatsparkedthe

wholebuild-to-orderrevolution.Michael

Dell'

saim

istoeliminatethemiddle-man,ahome-grownphilosophythatcarries

overintohishands-onmanagementstyle.

Beforewegetintothespecificconversations,Iwanttoknow

somethingbecausethetwoofyouhavearelationshipthat

customers-like.CouldyouexistwithoutacompanylikeFredSmith'

tosupplyyourstuffCoulditworkifyoudidn'

thaveadjust-in-time

deliverysystemtogetyouyourpartsforyourcomputers

Inourcase,no.Imean,youknow,wecouldn'

texistwithoutFedEx,

andIdon'

tthinkFedExcouldexistwithoutourdistributing.Weare

sortofmutuallyco-dependenthere.

That'

sabsolutelyright.Michaelunderstandsthathisefficacywith

hiscustomersdependsondeliveringexactlyashe'

stoldhiscustomer

thathe'

sgongtodeliverplushisproductionisjustintime,soall

thosepartsandpiecesfromallovertheworldgottatocometogether

atthesametime.Nowhemayhavetoforhisownreasonsusebrand

X,butclearlythebestchoiceisFedEx.

Greenfield:

Nowyougoout,you'

remakingabigpushintothegrounddeliverybusiness

aswell.

Right

Smith:

Sure.

Michael,whatwouldyouwantfromhimasaCEOandfounderofDell,to

makeitmoretemptingforyou

Dell:

Well,it'

sprettystraightforward.Imean,youknow,yougottabecompetitive,

you'

vegottodeliveronthethingsthatareimportanttous,whichmeans

thequalityofservice,thebreadthofthenetwork,the...youknow,unique

servicesthatweneed.Forexample,wehavealotofthingsgoingonwith

airliftoutofAsia,comingintheUS,andtheirnetworkisparticularly

wellsuitedforthis.Andofcourse,theygottabecostcompetitive.Youputallthattogetherandthat'

sthesortofdiscussionwehave,there'

snotalotofrealsciencetoit,Imean.it'

sprettybasicnutsandbolts.Here'

swhatweneed,youknow,andhereweneedtostaycompetitive.

Doyouhaveashot

No,I'

lltellyouI'

vebeenlisteningtothewholelotofit,andusually

I'

mdoingeverything

hewantsustodo.Icantellyouthatmuch.

PartIII

MichaelDellvs.FrederickSmith（II）

Efficientinformationsystemcan

Agreatpartofeconomywillworkon

“supply

1）alltheunnecessary;

moreapplicable

2）thedistancebetween

costs;

chain”because

1）afastcyclebasis;

aworldofchoice

2）onacomputer;

customize

3）haveitdeliveredveryrapidly

Michael:

Motivation:

Theopportunityintheindustry,inthebusiness

Ambitions

1.aleadernotonlyinclientcomputing,butalsointheenterpriseandserversandstorage.

2.businessnotjustintheUnitedStatesbutallovertheworld

3.alotofservicesthatgoalongwiththeproducts

Frederick:

Positiveattitudetowardsfuture:

company’sfuture

Positiveattitudetowardswork:

goingtoworkeveryday

compete

innovate

wonderfulpeople

alotofveryexcitingbusinesstrends.

Letmeturnnowtothefirstthemewewanttotalkabout,andthatis

thisbuild-to-orderrevolution.Doesitchangeeverything

Youknow,Ithinkfirstofall,yougottalookatthesupplychain.Basically,

whatefficientinformationflowsdoisthey,youknow,theysortoftakeout

allthesecostsoftransactionandprocessingthatsortof,youknow,addto

theultimatecostofbuyingsomething.Andifyouviewinformationasthiskind

oflikevacuumthatsucksoutthatunnecessarycost,therearecertainproducts

orserviceswherethisisfarmoreapplicable.Youknowthingsthathavevery

highmarkups,thingsthatdepreciateinvalueatanincrediblerate.

What'

sanexample

Takethecarindustryforexample.OkNotnecessarilyfitinsmallpackages

yet,butyouknowwhenyougotobuyacar,youtypicallygotoaplacewhere

there'

slotsofcarsandsomebodyguessedwhatkindofcar,youknow,youwere

goingtobuy.And,youknowthat'

s,there'

stensofbillionsofdollarsinassets

tiedupinthoseguessesandwhatusuallyhappensisyouendupbuying,not

thecarexactlythatyouwantedbutthecartheyhappenedtohave.Andthen

thesignalbacktothefactorythatthatcarthatyoujustbought,youknow,

issellingreallywell,solet'

sbuildsomemore.Andthepersonwhosoldit

toyougetsacommission

forselling

yousomethingthat

youdidn'

t

quite

exactly

wanttobuy.Andsoyougotcapitaltiedup,yougotcoststiedup,andwhat

informationsystemscandoisessentiallyshrinkthedistancebetweenthe

sourceofdemandandthesourceofsupply.

There'

alot

work

that'

beendonein

academicrealm

this

issue

supply

chain

re

just

talking

about.

Thelatest

figure

ve

seen

which

was

done

by

oneof

schools

in

Midwest

has

a

good

transportationandlogisticspractices.Andabout40percentofbusinesses

today

are

operated

onafast

cycle

basisthat

Michael

andWal-Mart

andsoforth

pioneered.Nowthere'

scertaintypesofitemsthatareverylowintermsof

unitcostslikegroceriesorgasolineyouputinyourcar,orcommoditiesof

onesort