小六英语第16讲阅读指导二.docx
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小六英语第16讲阅读指导二
第14讲阅读指导
（2）
阅读理解猜词技巧：
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。
有时文章借助关联词（如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等）表示前因后果。
例如：
Youshouldn"thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn"thisfault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happyandgay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars，andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.此句中的Venus（金星）、Mars（火星）、Jupiter（木星）均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。
通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：
Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根据notatall...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：
Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。
而adryperiod和drought是同义语。
这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，thatis，inotherwords，becalled或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：
Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。
从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。
例如：
ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly，itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。
后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
1提高阅读技巧
2在阅读如何处理陌生词汇
Jackisatwenty-year-oldyoungman.Twoyearsago,whenhefinishedmiddleschool,hefoundworkinashop.Usuallyheworksuntilteno'clockintheevening.Heisverytiredwhenhegetshome.Afteraquicksupperhegoestobedandsoonfallsasleep.Hisgrandmawholivesdownstairsissatisfiedwith（满意）him.
Oneday,onhiswayhome,hemetMary.Theywerebothhappy.Heaskedthegirltohishouse,sheagreedhappily.Heboughtsomefruitanddrinksforher.Andtheytalkedabouttheirschool,teachers,classmatesandtheirfuture（未来）.Theytalkedforalongtime.
“Havealookatyourwatch,please,”saidthegirl.“Whattimeisitnow?
”
“Sorry,somethingiswrongwithmywatch,”saidJack.“Where'syours?
”
“Ileftitathome.”
Jackthoughtforamomentandfoundaway.Hebegantostamphisfootonthefloor,“Bang!
Bang!
Bang!
”
Thesoundwokehisgrandmaup.Theoldwomanshouteddownstairs,“It'stwelveo'clockinthenight,Jack.Whyareyoustilljumpingupstairs?
”
1.Jackwas________whenhefinishedmiddleschool.
A.sixteenB.eighteenC.twentyD.fifteen
2.TheoldwomanissatisfiedwithJackbecause________.
A.he'shergrandsonB.he'sclever
C.hecankeepquietD.hegetshomeontime
3.Fromthestory,wecanknowthatMaryisJack's________.
A.classmateB.colleague（同事）
C.auntD.wife
4.Theword“stamp”inthestorymeans______inChinese.
A.盖印B.跺C.贴邮票D.承认
5.Jackstampedhisfootonthefloorinorder（为了）________.
A.towakehisgrandmaup
B.tomakehisgrandmaangry
C.thathisgrandmawasgoingtotellhimthetime
D.thathisgrandmawasgoingtobuyhimawatch
A
OnceImetadifficultquestiontoanswer–whatisafriend?
Butnow,IthinkIhaveabetterunderstandingaboutfriendsandfriendships.
Whatisafriend?
Tome,itisapresentIgivetomyself.ThereisanEnglishsaying“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Afriendwillprobablyloveusevenwhenweforgettoloveourselves.Wealsoknowtruefriendsarehardtofindanddifficulttoforget.Somearelikethesunshinethatlightensourday,andtheyarealwaysaroundus,readytogiveusahand.Somearelikethestarsatnight,andwedon’talwaysseethem,butweknowtheyarealwaysthere,waitingforus.
Friendshipdoublesourjoysandcutsdownoursorrows.Thefirstruleoffriendshipistobeafriend,tobeopen,naturalandhonest;thesecondruleistotaketimetokeepyourfriendship.So,whynottakesometimetogotoourfriendsandshareourselveswiththem?
Pleasebelieve:
Friendsareforever,andfriendshipsneverend.
1.Thewriterthinksafriend_______.
A.isagift B.needn’tgiveusahand
C.isalwayswaitingforus D.neverhelpsus
2.Friendshipscan_______.
A.makesushappy B.letusforgetsadness
C.lastlongD.allofthethree
3.Howmanyrulesoffriendshiparementionedinthetext?
A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.
4.Thetextismainlyabout_______.
A.friendsandfriendships B.thesunshinelightensourday
C.afriendinneedisafriendindeed D.friendshipsneverend
5.Atruefriendis_______.
A.easytofind B.easytoforgetC.difficulttofind D.easytomake
B
WhereIsMyCat?
MrBlacklikesfishverymuch.Heoftenbuyssomefishintheshopandtakesthemhomeforsupper.Hiswife,MrsBlackoftenasksherfriendstotheirhometohavelunchandeatfish.Oneday,whenMrBlackcomeshomeintheevening,hecannotfindhisfish.AndMrsBlacksaystheircathaseatenthefish.MrBlackisveryangry.Hetakesthecattotheshopneartheirhousetoweighthecat.Hesays,”Yousee,myfishisonekilo,andthiscatisonekilo,too.Myfishishere.Thenwhereismycat?
”
一,快速判断：
（正确的在括号里填"T"，错误的填"F"）
1.MrBlacklikestoeatcatverymuch.（）
2.MrsBlackofteneatsfishwithherfriends.（）
3.Thecatisonekilo.（）
4.Thecatatethefish.（）
二，回答问题：
5.WhatdoesMrBlackoftendo?
6.HowdoesMrBlackfeelwhenhecannotfindhisfish?
7.Whoeatsthefish?
C
WhereisLove?
HowcanwefindLove?
OncealittleboywantedtomeetLove.HeknewitwasalongtriptowhereLovelived,sohegothisthingsreadywithsomepizzasanddrinksandstartedoff.Whenhepassedthreestreets,hesawanoldwomansittingintheparkandwatchingsomebirds.Shelookedveryhungry.Theboygaveherapizza.Shetookitandsmiledathim.Thesmilewassobeautifulthathewantedtoseeitagain,sohegaveheraCoke.Shesmiledonceagain.Theboywasveryhappy.
Theysattherealltheafternoon,eatingandsmiling,buttheysaidnothing.Whenitgrewdark,theboydecidedtoleave.Butbeforehehadgonemorethanafewsteps,heturnedaround,ranbacktotheoldwomanandgaveherahug.Thewomangavehimherbiggestsmileever.
Whentheboyopenedthedoorofhishouse,hismotherwassurprisedbythelookofjoyonhisfaceandaskedwhathadmadehimsohappy.“IhadlunchwithLove.Shehasgotthemostbeautifulsmileintheworld.”Atthesametime,theoldwoman’ssonwasalsosurprisedathismother’spleasureandaskedwhy.
“IateapizzaintheparkwithLove,”shesaid,“andheismuchyoungerthanIexpected.”
Iftheworldisfulloflove,wecanenjoyabetterlife.
11.Whenthelittleboysawtheoldwoman,shewas_______.
A.lookingforaseatintheparkB.passingthestreet
C.lookingatsomebirdsD.havingapizza
12.ThelittleboygavetheoldwomanaCokebecause_______.
A.theoldwomanstillfelthungryB.hewantedtoseethesmileagain
C.hedidn’tlikethedrinkD.theoldwomanpaidhimforit
13.Theoldwomangavethelittleboythebiggestsmile_______.
A.afterthelittleboywenthomeB.beforeitgrewdark
C.whenshewasdrinkingCokeD.afterthelittleboyhuggedher
14.Theboy’smotherwassurprisedtoseehersonwasvery_______whenthedooropened.
A.pleasedB.surprisedC.unhappyD.angry
15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.ThelittleboyfailedtofindLove.
B.Boththelittleboyandtheoldwomanfoundwhattheywantedatlast.
C.Thelittleboydecidednevertogohome.
D.Theoldwomangavethelittleboyahugtothankhim.
Doyouhaveabrotherorasister?
Doyouhavetwotennisracketsandtennisballs?
Youcanplaytennis.Twopeopleorfourpeoplecanplaytennis.Doyouhaveabasketball?
Doyouhavetwobrothersorsisters?
Canyourmotherandfatherplay?
Fivepeoplecanplaybasketball.Volleyballneedssixpeopleforeachteam（队）andavolleyball.Butbaseballneedsabigfamily.Abaseballteamhasninepeople.Youneedabaseballbatandaball.
（）1.______peoplecanplaytennis.
A.FiveB.NineC.Twoorfour
（）2.Youwanttoplaytennis,youneed______.
A.twotennisrackets.
B.Atennisracketsandaball.
C.Twotennisracketsandaball.
D.Atennisracketandtwoball.
（）3.Abasketballteamneeds_______people.
A.twoandfourB.fiveC.six
（）4.Ninepeopleplaybaseball,theyneed______.
A.abaseballandabat.
B.Ninebaseballsandabat.
C.Abaseballandninebats.
（）5.Avolleyballteamneeds______.
A.avolleyballandtwopeople
B.Fivepeopleandavolleyball
C.Sixpeopleandavolleyball
一、找出划线部分读音与众不同的单词。
（10分）
（）1.A.bigB.sixC.niceD.miss
（）2.A.workB.wallC.whoseD.watch
（）3.A.sorryB.brotherC.someD.does
（）4.A.yesterdayB.familyC.dayD.Monday
（）5.A.hearB.pearC.earD.near
（）6.A.mapB.stampC.faceD.cat
（）7.A.threeB.thoseC.theirD.these
（）8.A.foodB.footC.bookD.good
（）9.A.notB.noC.inkD.ant
（）10.A.namesB.applesC.facesD.balls
二、请你按要求完成下列各题。
（10分）
（I）
1.shoes（单数）__________
2.bus（复数）__________
3.don't（完全形式）__________
4.me（主格）__________
5.too（同音词）__________
6.he（物主代词）__________
7.努力工作（译成英语）__________
8.letus（缩写形式）__________
9.short（反义词）__________
10.overthere（汉语意思）__________
（II）翻译下面的短语
1.二瓶果汁___________
2.到这来___________
3.在树下___________
4.双胞胎兄弟___________
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