对于大卫科波菲尔中人物的形象分析Word下载.docx
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DavidCopperfield"
themasterpieceofDickens,wasasemi-autobiographicalwork.InMay1849toNovember1850,theinstallmentwaspublished.Inthepreface,Dickenssaid:
“Itismyfavoritechild.”
ThenoveldepictedDavid'
sexperienceswhichwerefilledwithsufferingsandlaughters.DickensportrayedthecolorfulpictureofBritishsociety,thetypicalimageofdifferentsocialclasses,especiallytheendlessstruggleofDavidinthefaceofadversitywhichleftadeepimpressiononus.Davidwasunabletoenduretheabuseofhisstepfather,bitingthefingersofhisstepfather,savagelybeaten.Asaresult,hewaslockedinaboardingschool.Afterhismotherdied,hewassenttothefactoryasachildbyhisstepfather.Fromthenon,helivedahardlife,withoutenoughtoeatorwearandsufferedallkindsofabuseandtorture.However,Daviddidnotsuccumbtothemercyoffate,painstakingly,andfinallyfoundhisauntBetsey.Thekind-heartedauntshelteradoptedhimandlethimgotoabetterschool.WhenheknewthatAuntBetseywasbankrupted,butinstead,hestudieddiligentlywithperseveranceallkindsofabuseandtorture.Finally,aftermakingefforts,hebecameawriterandachievedsuccess.Atthesametime,othercharacterswereclearandvivid.PeggottywasanursewhotookcareofDavidandDavid’smothercarefully,shewasremarkablyloyal.Outwardly,auntBetseyappearedaseverewoman,butsheshowedthatshewaskindbylovingDavidandothers.Inaddition,Hamwasnoble,braveandhonest.wasfierceandcruel.Steerforthwasselfishandarrogant.
IntroductiontotheAuthor
Dickenswasthemainrepresentativeofrealismliteratureinthe19thcentury.Theartofwittywords,nuancedpsychologicalanalysisandrealismwerecombinedtogethercloselyinhisworks.Hewasparticularlyfamousforhisvividcomiccharacterizationsandsocialcriticism.Hewasthefirstauthorwhohadwrittenofthe
poorwithfidelityandsympathy.HisworkswerefamousduringnovelsoftheVictorianageandamongthegreatclassicsinallfiction.
DickenswasborninFebruary,1812,atLandport,Portsmouth.Hewasthesecondofeightchildren.Hisfatherwasaclerk,hardworkingbutimprudent,latercaricaturedasMr.MicawberinDavidCopperfield.In1822,thefamilymovedtoLondon,whereCharleshadtoleaveschooltosupporthisimpoverishedfamily.In1824,hisfatherwasputintoprisonfordebt.Attheageof12,Dickenswassenttogoingtoworkatafactory.Hewrappedandlabeledfor6shillingsaweek.Afterwork,hewanderedthroughthestreetsofLondon,enthralledbythesightofthedockyards,thefilesofconvicts,andvastsectionsofthecityinhabitedbythepoor.Thesebitterdaysremainedinhismemoryandlaterfoundexpressioninhisworks.
Dickenswasabletoreturntoschoolbecauseasmalllegacyhelpedreleasehisfatherfromprison.HewasanavidreaderandspentmuchtimeinthereadingroomoftheBritishMuseum.Althoughhelaterreturnedtoschoolforatime,theseexperiencesleftapermanentimprintonthesoulofCharlesDickens.Evenmanyyearslater,hehadbecomeasuccessfulauthor,hecouldnotbeartotalkaboutit,orberemindedofhisfamily’signominy.
Attheageoffifteen,Dickensbeganworkingasanofficeboyforalawfirm.HetaughthimselfandhebecameareporterforcourtsofDoctors’Commonin1828.Thedullroutineofthelegalprofessionneverinterestedhim,sohebecameanewspaperreporterfortheMirrorofparliament,theTrueSun,andfinallyfortheMorningChronicle.(JohnForster,werelaterhisclosestfriendandbiographer,wasalsoemployedattheTrueSun.)Bytheageoftwenty,DickenswasoneofthebestparliamentaryreportersalltheEngland.
Bythistime,Dickenswasenjoyingtheluxuriouslifehehaddreamedofasachild.In1850,hepublishedthelastinstallmentsofDavidCopperfield,apartlyautobiographicalnovelthatwashisfavorite.
TheIntroductiontotheBackground
1.2.1Socialbackground
“LikesomanyparentsIhaveafavoritechildinmyheart,”wroteCharlesDickens."
AndhisnameisDavidCopperfield."
Here,DickensmadegooduseofhisownlifeexperiencetoexposethesocialevilsthatwereprevalentinVictorianEnglandandwerethemiseriesofchild-labor,thetyrannyinschools,thedebtors’prison,aswellasthecrueltyandimmortalityandthetreachery.Thusthenovelwasnotmerelyapersonalrecord,butabroadpictureofthesocietyoftheauthor’sday.
DavidCopperfieldwasanovelwritteninfirst-personpointofview.Itwassometimesreferredtoasanapprenticeshipnovelbecauseitcenteredontheperiodinwhichayoungpersongrewup.ThetypeofnovelswaspioneeredbyJohannWolfgangvonGoethe(1749-1832)inhisnovelWilhelmMeistersLehrjahre(WilhelmMeister'
sApprenticeship).Dickensbasedthebookinpartonthedifficultearlyyearsofhisownlife.Thenarrationchangednames,locales,andotherdetailsofDickens’slife.Forexample,whenDickenswasonlyachild,hehadtoleaveschooltoworkinafactory.Inthenovel,DavidCopperfieldhadtoleaveschooltoworkinawarehousewashingandlabelingbottlesusedinthewinetrade.David’sinitials.)were,ofcourse,thereverseofDickens’s.).
Dickenswasamasteratdrawingmemorablecharacters.Someweresimpleanduncomplicated,likeBarkis,Creakle,Murdstone,andClaraPeggotty.Otherswerecomplex,likeDavidCopperfield.Throughoutthenovel,hebefriendedthewealthyandcharmingJamesSteerforth,ignoringhisdeviousandmalevolentside.Atthesametime,hebefriendedthegood-heartedTommyTraddlesandthehumblePeggottys.Thesetwoworlds,theworldofSteerforthandtheworldofSteerforthandhisfamily,bothattractedDavid,andhisimmaturitydecidedwhatshouldconstitutehisownworld.Tobringhischaracterstolife,Dickensinvestedthemwithclearlydefiningvirtuesorvicesanddescribedthecharactersinawaythatenabledthereaderstopicturethematthescenesinwhichtheyappeared.
1.2.2Novel’sbackground
OfalltheDickens’novels,DavidCopperfieldreflectedtheeventsofDickensownlifethemost.AsforDavid,sufferinginthepastwasadequatelymadeupfora
rich,happymarriageandasuccessfulliterarycareer,justlikeDickenshimself,andtheworldwasstillfullofhopeandsunshine.Theplotconstructionwasratherloose,butitalsoexcelledinitsvividimage.Thenarrationofnovelindetailwasalsoworthmentioning,whichgavetheworktruthfulnesstothereallife.
WhatwecouldaddtowasthewayinwhichDickenstimeandtimeagaindealtwiththeprogressofamaleherowho,aswithDavidinDavidCopperfield(1849-50)andPipinGreatExpectations(1860-1),cametotermswithworldasthemiddle-classvalues.Atthesametime,however,Dickens’heroesoftenhaveuncomfortabledoubles:
DavidCopperfieldwasshadowedbyHeepandSteerforth,bothofwhomrevealedthekindofdarksexualurgethatDavidattemptedtoconcealordenyinhisownlife.Itwasasif,inanewmiddle-classcode,Dickenswasequallyawareoftheprecariousnessorvulnerabilityofthenewrespectablesocialconceptionoftheself,oftheburiedlifethatwashiddenbeneaththeveneerofpolitemanners.
Duetotheearlysuccess,thepublicnotonlygaveDickensanassurancethatmadesureincreasingpowersofpoeticexpressionandnarrativetechnique,butalsotheconfidencetodemonstratehisprioritiestoapointwheretheycontradictedthesocialassumptionsofmanyofhisreaders.Allhislaternovels,exceptATaleofTwoCities,presentedacriticismofthemostfundamentalinstitutionsoftheVictorianEngland.
AlthoughDavidwasignorantofSteerforth’streachery,wewereawarefromthemomentwemetSteerforththathedidn’tdeserveofpraisewhichDavidfelttowardhim.Daviddidn’tknowwhyhehatedHeeporwhyhetrustedaboywithadonkeycartwhostolehismoneyandlefthimintheroad,butitwaspossibleforhimtorealizeHeep’sinherentevilandtheboy’srealintention.InDavid’sfirst-personnarration,Dickensconveyedthewisdomoftheoldermanimplicitly,throughtheeyesofachild.
Chapter2
LiteratureReviewoftheNovel
SomeScholars’ViewsontheNovel
ScholarsbelievedthatDavidCopperfield'
scareers,friendships,loveandlife,weremosthighlyinfluencedbyDickens'
experiences,aswellashistimeworkingasachild.David'
sinvolvementwiththelawprofessionandlaterhiscareerasawritermirrortheexperiencesofDickens.ManyofDavid'
sfriendswerebasedonpeoplewhoDickensactuallyknew,andDavid'
swives,AgnesWickfieldandDora,werebelievedtobebaseduponDickens'
attachmenttoMaryHogarth.Dickenskeenlyfelthislackofeducationduringhistimeatthatfactory,andaccordingtotheForsterbiography,itwasfromthesetimesthathedrewDavid'
sworkingperiod.
BritishwriterSomersetMaughamregardedthebookas"
trulyamasterpieceofliteraryworks"
.
OneofAmericanliteratureconnoisseursrecommendedthenovelasonehundredsofthe20thcentury,distinguishingEnglishnovel.
ThefamousRussianwriter,LeoTolstoy,saidthatthebookwasthebestoneamongalltheEnglishnovelsanditcouldhelppeopletobuildaperfectpersonality.
“DavidCopperfieldwasfilledwithcharactersofthemostastonishingvariety,vividness,andoriginality,”notedSomersetMaugham.“Theyarenotrealisticandyettheyaboundwithlife.ThereneverweresuchpeopleastheMicawbers,PeggottyandBarkis,Traddles,BetseyTrotwoodandMr.Dick,UriahHeepandhismother.”Thestorywastoldalmostentirelyfromthepointviewofthefirstpersonnarrator,DavidCopperfieldhimself,andwasthefirstDickensnov