自考国际商务英语复习资料Word格式.docx
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b.Portfolioinvestment证券投资
C.Othertypes
a.Licensingandfranchising许可经营和特许经营
b.Managementcontractandcontractmanufacturing管理合同和承包生产
c.TurnkeyprojectandBOT
TradeTerms:
1.Customsarea关税区:
2.Conversion货币兑换
3.Visibletrade有形贸易:
Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.（includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade）
4.Invisibletrade无形贸易:
Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.
5.FDI外国直接投资:
Foreigndirectinvestments.Returnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry./P.256.Onecountryacquiresassetsinaforeigncountryforthepurposeofcontrollingandmanagingthem.
6.Portfolioinvestment证券投资:
Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.
7.Stocks股票:
Capitalstocksorbonds.
8.Bonds债券:
Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.
9.Maturity（票据等）到期
10.Certificateofdeposit大额存单
11.Licensing许可经营:
Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty（许可费）.
12.Franchising特许经营:
Underfranchising,franchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
13.TradeMark商标
14.Patent专利
15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税
16.Copyright版权
17.Licenser许可方
18.Licensee被许可方
19.Franchiser特许方:
Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
20.Franchisee被特许方:
Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.
21.Managementcontract管理合同:
Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume.
22.Valuechain价值链
23.Turnkeyproject“交钥匙”工程:
Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.
24.BOT建设、经营和移交:
Build,Operate,Transfer
25.Expertise专门知识
26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴
27.Royalty许可使用费
28.Internationalinvestment国际投资:
Supplyingcapitalbyresidentsofonecountrytoanother.
29.Contractmanufacturing承包生产
30.GATT关贸总协定:
GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade
31.Internationalbusiness国际商务:
Transactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport.
32.Intellectualproperty知识产权
33.Oildeposit:
石油储备=oilreserves
34.thereservesofnaturalresources自然资源储备
35.Personaladvancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
Answerthefollowingquestions:
1.Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?
Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.
A:
Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport.
Somemajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusinessisfollowing:
（1）Differencesinlegalsystems
（2）Differencesincurrencies
（3）Differencesinculturalbackground
（4）Differentinnaturalandeconomicconditions
2.Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?
Visibletradeistheformofcommoditytrade.Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.Thelaterisbecomemoreandmoreimportant.
3.Canyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiness?
Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavioretc.
4.Pleaseelaborate（详细说明）onthetwocategories（种类）ofinternationalinvestment.Whatistheirmajordifference?
FDI（Foreigndirectinvestment）ismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry.
/外国直接投资：
通过控制其它投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
Portfolioinvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.Suchfinancialassetsmaybestocks,bondsorcertificatesofdeposit.
/证券投资：
不以控制为目的而购买外国的金融资产，如：
股票、债券和定期存款单。
5.Whatislicensing?
Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasameansofenteringaforeignmarket?
Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry./国际许可即：
一家公司允许国外的公司使用它的知识产权。
Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.可直接收取知识产权费，不必现金开办新业务
Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantagesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipormanagement.享有当地经营优势，而在所有权和经营上不承担义务
Theuseoflicensingisparticularlyencouragedbyhighcustomsdutyandnon-tariffbarriersonthepartofthehostcountry.当东道国的关税高或非关税壁垒多时，国际许可经营更受欢迎。
6.Whatisfranchising?
Howisitdifferentfromlicensing?
Underfranchising,franchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
/在特许经营情况下，特许使用方以特许授予方的名义开展业务，后者向前者提供商标、品牌、公司经营技巧等而获取特许使用费。
Incomparisonwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.
7.Whatisamanagementcontract?
Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?
Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservices（管理或其它专门服务）toanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume（相关业务总价值的百分比）.Whenagovernmentforbidsforeignownershipincertainindustriesitconsiderstobeofstrategicimportancebutlackstheexpertiseforoperation,managementcontractsmaybeapracticalchoiceenablingaforeigncompanytooperateintheindustrywithoutowningtheassets.
8.Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?
InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTdifferentfromit?
Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaser（外国买方）andundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequipping（装配设备）beforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.ForaBOTproject,afirmoperatesafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.MakingprofitfromoperatingtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifferencebetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeyproject
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:
1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesformdifferentcountries.Itinvolvesmorefactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthedomesticbusiness.
2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。
因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,fewpeopleorcompaniescancompletelystayawayfrominternationalbusiness.Therefore,someknowledgeinthisrespectisnecessarybothforthebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement.
3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Otherformsforparticipatingininternationalbusinessaremanagementcontract,contractmanufacturingandturnkeyproject.
4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
Internationalbusinessfirsttooktheformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.
5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
Besidestradeandinvestment,internationallicensingandfranchisingaresometimestakenasameansofenteringaforeignmarket.
Lesson2
IncomeLevelandtheWorldMarket/收入水平和世界市场
（1）GNPandGDP
（2）PercapitaincomeandpercapitaGDP
（3）High-income,middleincomeandlow-incomecountries
A.Standardsforclassification
B.Representativecountries
（4）TriadandQuad
A.UnitedStates
B.WesternEurope西欧
C.Japan
D.Canada
（5）OtherimportantmarketsforChina
1.GNP国民生产总值:
GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.
/一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。
2.GDP国内生产总值:
GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.
/一个经济体地理区域内所生产的所有实物产品和服务的价值。
3.Nationalincome国民收入
4.Percapitaincome人均收入
5.PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值:
ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.
6.PPP购买力平价:
Purchasingpowerparity
7.Consumerism消费主义
8.Incomedistribution收入分布:
Theproportions（比例）ofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.
9.Infrastructure基础设施
10.Staplegoods大路货
11.Invoice（开）发票
12.Creditorcountry债权国
13.OECD经合组织，经济合作与开发组织:
OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.
14.T
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