上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题一Word文档格式.docx
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25isremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostly26craftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.
Itistheuniversality(普遍性)oftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsofthe
worldandtheirpersistencetothepresent27isamazing.InEgypt,America,
China,JapanandamongtheArctic(北极的)people,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflife28toysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.
Becausetoys29begenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltothecarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofwaysup.Theprogressfromarattle(拨浪鼓)usedbyababyin3,000BCto30usedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness(独创性).Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.
SectionB
Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbe
experiencereliefwhentheurgeisacteduponthereisanincreasedlikelihoodthatwewillactontheurgeagain.
III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
TheimportanceoflikingpeopleisthesubjectofanarticleintheHarvardBusiness.Review,whichhascarriedoutanexperimenttofindoutwhowe'
dratherworkwith.Hardlysurprisingly,thepeoplewewantmostasourworkmatesareboth:
41attheirjoband
delightfulhumanbeings.Andthepeoplewewantleastarebothunpleasantanduseless.Moreinterestingly,theautorsfoundthat,giventhechoicebetweenworkingwithlovablefollsandcomptentjerks(性情古怪的人),weirresistiblychoosethe42.Anyway,wholikesthosewho43orhurtotherpeople?
Wemightinsistthatcompetencemattersmore,but
our44showswestayclosetothepeoplewelike,sharinginformationwiththem.
Whatcompaniesshould45doisgetpeopletolikeeachothermore.Thetrick
hereisapparentlytomakesurethatstuffscomeacrosseachotherasoftenaspossibleduringday.Theyalsoshouldbesentonbondingcoursesandsoontoencouragefriendlinessand
46displeasure.
47,moreoutdoor-activityweekendsandsharedcoffeemachinesinspirenoconfidenceatall.The48isthatpeopleeitherlikeeachotherortheydon’t.Youcan’tforceit.Possiblyyoucanmakeofficesfridendlierbytoleratingalotofchat,butthereisa
49costtothat.Inmyexperience,thequestionoflovablefoolagainstcompetentjerkmaynotbetherightone.Thetwoareinterrelated:
wetendnottolikeourworkmateswhentheyarecompletely50.IwasoncequitefriendlywithawomanwhomIlaterworkedwith.Ifoundhertobeso51badatherjobthatIlostrespectforherandendedupnotreallylikingheratall.Thenisthereanythingthatcompaniesshouldbedoingaboutit?
Byfarthemosteffectivestrategywouldbetohirepeoplewhoareallprettymuchthesame,giventhat52isoneofthemaindeterminantsofwhetherwelikeeachother.I
thinkthisisaprettygoodides,butnoone53recommendthisanymorewithout
offendingthediversitylobbygroup(游说团体).Thereisonlyoneacceptableviewonthissubject:
teamsofsimilarpeoplearebadbecausetheystopcreativity.Thismaybetrue,thoughIhaveneverseenanyconclusiveproofofit.
Notonlydowelikesimilarpeople,welikepeoplewholikeus.Soifcompanieswantto
54moreliking,theyshouldencourageaculturewhereweareallnicetoeachother.The
55isthatthisneedstobedonewithsomeskill.
41.A.strangeB.brilliantC.surprisedD.absent-minded
42.A.formerB.latterC.majorityD.minority
43.A.hateB.fearC.doubtD.annoy
44.A.thoughtB.behaviorC.expressionD.appearance
45.A.furtherB.neverthelessC.thereforeD.instead
46.A.breakdownB.talktoC.pickoutD.holdout
47.A.besidesB.FurthermoreC.HoweverD.Hence
48.A.impressionB.realityC.practiceD.custom
49.A.investmentB.productionC.operationD.productivity
50.A.valuelessB.disabledC.hopelessD.careless
51.A.outstandinglyB.inevitablyC.hopefullyD.forgetfully
52.A.appearanceB.effectivenessC.distinctionD.similarity
53.A.needB.dareC.mustD.should
54.A.createB.discoverC.promoteD.place
55.A.strategyB.standardC.hopeD.trouble
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
A
Asafatheroffour,I’mconcernedabouthowtoleadmychildrentobegoodyoungmenandwomeninsuchaturbulenttime.Ihavestudiedphilosophy,mysticism,andreligionmyentirelife.Theyprovidegreatlessonsinresponsibilityandgrowth.However,Ialsorecognizethat,atleastatthispointintheirlives,mychildrenarenotterriblyinterestedinsuchsubjects.WhileIwasreflectingonthis,IwasremindedofalineinasongIhadheardrecently.Itgoes:
“Ifyouhadonlyonechancetosaysomething,whatwoulditbe?
”
Thatnight,IfoundmytowoldestkidsloungingonthecouchwatchingaTVshowthatfeaturedviolence,cursingandevensome“adultscenes”.Iquietlysatonachairnexttothem.Isawmyboystraightenup,andmygirlpretendedtoignoreme.Ididn’tmakeanyusualcommentsaboutthepointlessnessofsuchprograms.Ididn’tevenrollmyeyes,althoughthistooksomeeffort.Isimplyasked:
Canyoutellmehowthiswillmakeyouabatterperson?
Withoutaword,Igotupandlefttheroom.Abouttenminuteslater,tomysurprise,thechildrenwereintheirroomsdoingtheirhomeworkandthetelevisionwassilent.Remarkable.Thisphilosophycanchangethewayweliveourlives.Forexample,wheneverIfeelangryandgettheurgetolashout,Iaskmyself:
“HowdoesthisactingorfeelingthewayIdorightnowmakemeabetterperson?
”Ibegantorealizethatrarelydidmythoughtsoractionsresult
inself-improvement,soImadeconsciousefforttochangemymindsetandbehavior.
Weallwanttobebetterfathers,mothers,sonsanddaughters.Betterworkers,betterleaders,betterlovers......thislistgoeson.Sometimessucceedingintheserolescanbetough.Butonequestionalignsuswithallthosedutieswepossesstosocietyandourselves:
“Isthismakingmeabetterperson?
WhateverIsaid,itworked.MydaughterhasbegunwatchingnatureprogramsinsteadofviolentTVshows,andshedecidedtogotoschooltobecomeacounselor.Mysontoldmehewantstobeapoliceofficer.I’vesincethrownawayallthoseparentingmagazinesandbooksI’vecollectedovertheyearsbecauseImademoreprogresswithasinglequestionthanIdidwithhundredsofpagesof“experts”advice.
56.WhenthewriterfoundhiskidswatchinginappropriateTVprogramsthatnight,heappeared.
A.calmB.indifferentC.criticalD.anxious57.Howcanthisphilosophychangethewayweliveourlives?
A.Bycalmingourselvesdownwhenweareangry
B.Byraisingaquestionaboutourcurrentactionandfeeling
C.Byhelpingusrealizeourneedforself-improvement
D.Byprovidinguswithnewmindsetandbehavior
58.Whydidthewriterthrowawayhisparentingmagazinesandbooks?
A.Becausehiskidshadgrownoutofthem
B.Becausetheydidn’tofferhimanyhelp.
C.Becausethatsinglequestionwasmoreuseful
D.Becausetheexpertadvicewastoomuchtofollow59.Thewrotethispassageto
A.convinceteenagersofthedownsidestowatchingTV
B.introducealifephilosophybytellingaparentingstory
C.informthereadersofhowhehelpedhidkidssetgoodgoals
D.callonotherotherparentstotrustthemselvesinsteadofexperts.
B
Whenthepeopleyouknowrunmore,yourunmore.Andnowthere'
sdatatoproveit.
AnewstudypublishedtodayinNatureCommunicationsofthedaily-recordedexercisepatternsofmorethanonemillionrunnersoverfiveyearsshowsthatexerciseissociallycontagious.Yourknowledgeofwhatyourfriendsaredoingcanandwillmotivateyoutodomore.Theworkmarksawatershedmomentintheuseofdetailedfitnesstrackingdatatounderstandhealthbehaviorandcausalbehaviorchange.
"
Knowingtherunningbehaviorsofyourfriendsassharedonsocialnetworkscancauseyoutorunfarther,faster,andlonger,"
saidMITSloanProfessorSinanAral,anauthorof"
Exercisecontagioninaglobalsocialnetwork."
AralandcolleagueChristosNicolaides,apostdoctoralfellowatMI