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ittypicallyinvolvesreviewsandmeetingstoevaluatedocuments,plans,code,requirementsandspecifications;
thiscanbedonewithchecklists,issueslists,andwalkthroughsandinspectionmeetings.(确认)
2、Verificationisaprocessinwhichinformationischeckedusingaccuratemeasures.E.g.whenyouenteranewpasswordyouareaskedtoretypeittoverifythatthepasswordsuppliediscorrect.
(确认)
3、VerificationisCORRECTNESS.
Correctnessisrelativetothesystemaspresented.
4、verificationissetofactivitiestoensurethatthefunctionthatisdevelopingproperly
5、Verification:
1.ItisaQualityimprovementprocess.
2.Itisinvolvewiththereviewingandevaluatingtheprocess.
3.ItisconductedbyQAteam.
4.VerificationisCorrectness.
5.Areweproducingtheproductright?
6、VerificationCheckingtheapplicationwhetheritsatisfiesthespecified
userrequirementspecification.
Validation
n.确认;
批准;
生效
1、Validation
ensuresthatfunctionality,asdefinedinrequirements,istheintendedbehavioroftheproduct;
validationtypicallyinvolvesactualtestingandtakesplaceafterverificationsarecompleted.(有效性验证)
2、Validationhoweveristheautomaticprocessinwhichrulesareappliedinordertomakeinformationcorrect,E.g.iftherighttypeofdataisenteredinacertaincellinadatabase.(有效性验证)
3、ValidationisTRUTH.
TRUTHissomethingabsolutewhichcannotbeinterpretteddifferently.
4、validationisadifferentsetofactivitiestoensurethatthefunctionthathasbeenbuiltisworkingproperly.
5、Validation:
1.Itisensuresthefunctionality.
2.ItisconductedbydevelopmentteamwiththehelpfromQCteam.
3.ValidationisTruth.
4.Validationisthefollowingprocessofverification.
5.Areweproducingtherightproduct?
6、Validation
Checkingtheapplicationwhetheritsatisfiestheuserrequirementsatanytime(environmentchanges..ifany..).
verification和validation区别
Verification是验证,是通过提供客观证据证明规定的要求是否得到满足,也就是说,输入与输出比较.
Validation是确认,是在验证好的基础上,对预期的使用和应用要求是否得到满足,也就是说,在确认时,应考虑使用和应用的条件范围要远远大于输入时确定的范围.一般是由客户或代表客户的人执行.
VerificationandValidation
除了要测试对与错之外,还要侧重是否是有效的。
换言之,就是本文说得是Verification和Validation。
Verification也就是说要做正确、而Validation是看经过Verification是否是我们想要的。
Verificaiton是我们可以预见的,在测试以前就知道我们期望一个什么结果。
例如我要找GF,首先对方要是个女的,
if(Person.gender!
=female)returnfalse;
做IC的,读卡器芯片,必须能够读相应的数码卡;
做sales的,评价Performance的标准每个月的销售额就是Verification的标准。
Verification是否可以说是理性思维大于感性。
1是1,2是2。
而Validation首先前提是经过Verification,重要的是做的是否是customer需要的。
拿刚才三个例子,我相信任何一个人找对象,不会只需要一个异性。
验证Validation,还要看是否是自己喜欢的;
IC做出来了,是否市场真的需要。
做sales,除了销售额,是否让客户买对了产品,是否增加了客户的忠诚度,是否合乎客户使用习惯应该是Validation过程。
可以说Validation更多的是感性因素多,也是一个及其难以掌握的事情。
毕竟,thinkfromothers是一件非常难的事情。
看看windowsxp,尽管安全问题依旧,但是很多用户会毫不犹豫地抛弃win98。
其实经过调查,大多数原因是界面比以前漂亮友好了很多。
而且使用方面,和之前的版本对于绝大多数人来说能够最大程度保持一致。
Microsoft的可怕不在于技术,而在于它能够让我们养成了习惯,习惯是很难改变的,而掌握了客户的习惯和心态,这正是做Validation的极高境界。
不多说了,下周末又有一场婚礼要参加。
看样又有一对新人经历了Verifiaction和Validation。
1、在整个开发过程中verification和validation是什么时期什么阶段需要做的?
VER和VAL是贯穿开发过程始终的
假设采用的生命周期模型是V模型
前期跟需求相关的确认的工作量要多(需求评审,用户接受测试用例评审,系统测试用例评审),在开发中期验证的工作量要相对大些(单元测试,代码评审),在开发的末期确认的工作量相对较大(系统测试,用户接受测试)
如果采用敏捷的方法,生命周期模型一般是增量模型,VER和VAL的工作量就基本一致,没有按阶段有所侧重
2、verification和validation针对的对象是什么?
针对的对象包括了开发过程的所有文档和代码
评审和测试是VER和VAL的主要形式
3、verification和validation都需要怎么去做?
VER和VAL的主要实现形式是评审和测试
4、verification和validation的区别?
Verification(验证):
Youdoitright.
侧重在软件系统是否正确地反映了需求.
Validation(确认):
Youdotherightthing.
侧重在是否按照客户的意图来进行系统开发
以测试举例(V模型),
用户接受测试,系统测试较靠近确认活动,侧重站在客户角度考虑问题
单元测试,集成测试较靠近验证活动,侧重站在系统功能角度考虑问题
Verification与Validation按照实行的目的不同来区分的
BTW:
两个活动可以说你中有我,我中有你,完全区分还是有困难的
双V是系统工程最核心的思想,这种思想也可以用来解释我们日常生活中面对的各种各样的事情。
简单的说:
Verification,中文翻译叫“验证”,就是把事情做对(dothingsright);
Validation,中文翻译叫“确认”,就是做对的事情(dorightthings)
二者如图所示
ThedifferencebetweenVerificationandValidation
Sometimeinthe1990’s,Idraftedafrequentlyaskedquestionlistfor
NASA’sIV&
Vfacility.Here’swhatIwroteonthemeaningoftheterms“validation”and“verification”:
ThetermsVerificationandValidationarecommonlyusedinsoftwareengineeringtomeantwodifferenttypesofanalysis.Theusualdefinitionsare:
∙Validation:
Arewebuildingtherightsystem?
∙Verification:
Arewebuildingthesystemright?
Inotherwords,validationisconcernedwithcheckingthatthesystemwillmeetthecustomer’sactualneeds,whileverificationisconcernedwithwhetherthesystemiswell-engineered,error-free,andsoon.Verificationwillhelptodeterminewhetherthesoftwareisofhighquality,butitwillnotensurethatthesystemisuseful.
Thedistinctionbetweenthetwotermsislargelytodowiththeroleofspecifications.Validationistheprocessofcheckingwhetherthespecificationcapturesthecustomer’sneeds,whileverificationistheprocessofcheckingthatthesoftwaremeetsthespecification.
Verificationincludesalltheactivitiesassociatedwiththeproducinghighqualitysoftware:
testing,inspection,designanalysis,specificationanalysis,andsoon.Itisarelativelyobjective
process,inthatifthevariousproductsanddocumentsareexpressedpreciselyenough,nosubjectivejudgementsshouldbeneededinordertoverifysoftware.
Incontrast,validationisanextremelysubjectiveprocess.Itinvolvesmakingsubjectiveassessmentsofhowwellthe(proposed)systemaddressesareal-worldneed.Validationincludesactivitiessuchasrequirementsmodelling,prototypinganduserevaluation.
Inatraditionalphasedsoftwarelifecycle,verificationisoftentakentomeancheckingthattheproductsofeachphasesatisfytherequirementsofthepreviousphase.Validationisrelegatedtojustthebeginingandendingoftheproject:
requirementsanalysisandacceptancetesting.Thisviewiscommoninmanysoftwareengineeringtextbooks,andismisguided.Itassumesthatthecustomer’srequirementscanbecapturedcompletelyatthestartofaproject,andthatthoserequirementswillnotchangewhilethesoftwareisbeingdeveloped.Inpractice,therequirementschangethroughoutaproject,partlyinreactiontotheprojectitself:
thedevelopmentofnewsoftwaremakesnewthingspossible.Thereforebothvalidationandverificationareneededthroughoutthelifecycle.
Finally,V&
Visnowregardedasacoherentdiscipline:
”SoftwareV&
Visasystemsengineeringdisciplinewhichevaluatesthesoftwareinasystemscontext,relativetoallsystemelementsofhardware,users,andothersoftware”.(fromSoftwareVerificationandValidation:
ItsRoleinComputerAssuranceandItsRelationshipwithSoftwareProjectManagementStandards,byDoloresR.WallaceandRogerU.Fujii,NISTSpecialPublication500-165)
Havingthuscarefullydistinguishedthetwoterms,myadvicetoV&
Vpractitionerswasthentoforgetaboutthedistinction,andthinkinsteadaboutV&
Vasatoolbox,whichprovidesawiderangeoftoolsforaskingdifferentkindsofquestionsaboutsoftware.Andtomastertheuseofeachtoolandfigureoutwhenandhowtouseit.Here’soneofmyattemptstovisualizethespaceoftoolsinthetoolbox:
ArangeofV&
Vtechniques.Notethat"
modeling"
and"
modelchecking"
refertobuildingandanalyzingabstractedmodelsofsoftwarebehaviour,averydifferentkindofbeastfromscientificmodelsusedinthecomputationalsciences
Forclimatemodels,thedefinitionsthatfocusonspecificationsdon’tmakemuchsense,becausetherearenodetailedspecificationsofclimatemodels(norcantherebe–they’rebuiltbyiterativerefinementlikeagilesoftwaredevelopment).Butnomatter–thetoolboxapproachstillworks;
itjustmeanssomeofthetoolsareappliedalittledifferently.Anappropriatetoolboxforclimatemodelinglooksalittledifferentfrommypictureabove,becausesomeofthesetoolsaremoreappropriateforreal-timecontrolsystems,applicationssoftware,etc,andtherearesomemissingfromtheabovepicturethatareparticularforsimulationsoftware.I’lldrawabetterpicturewhenI’vefinishedanalyzingthedatafrommyfieldstudiesofpracticesusedatclimatelabs.
ManydifferentV&
Vtools
arealreadyinuse
atmostclimatemodellinglabs,butthereisroomforaddingmoretoolstothetoolbox,andforsharpeningtheexistingtools(what
and
how
arethesubjectsofmycurrentresearch).Butthequestionofhowbesttodothismustproceedfromadetailedanalysisofcurrentpracticesandhoweffectivetheyare.Thereseemtobeplentyof
people
wanderingintothisspace,claimingthatthemodelsareinsufficientlyverified,validated,orboth.Andsuchpeopleliketopontificateaboutwhatclimatemodelersoughttododifferently.Butanyonewhopontificatesinthisway,butisunabletogiveadetailedaccountofwhichV&
Vtechniquesclimatemodellerscurrentlyuse,isjustblowingsmoke.Ifyoudon’tknowwhat’sinthetoolboxalready,thenyoucan’treallymakeconstructivecommentsaboutwhat’smissing.
WhatisVerificationandValidation?
DifferenceBetweenVerificationandValidation
Inthecontextoftesting,“VerificationandValidation”areverywidelyandcommonlyusedterms.Mostofthetimes,weconsiderthetermssame,butactuallythetermsarequitedifferent.
TherearetwoaspectsofV&
Vtasks
∙Confirmstorequirements(Producerviewofquality)
∙Fitforuse(consumersviewofquality)
Producer’sviewofquality,insimplertermsmeansthedevelopersperceptionofthefinalproduct.
Consumersviewofqualitymeansusersperceptionoffinalproduct.
WhenwecarryouttheV&
Vtasks,wehavetoconcentratebothoftheseviewofquality.
Tobegi