英语高考不规则动词过去式和过去分词Word下载.docx
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(11个)
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig—dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10.改变辅音字母。
(1个)
make—made—made
11改变元、辅音字母。
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)—had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。
(共35个)
1i—a—u变化。
(6个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk
2词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。
(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。
(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke—woken
5过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。
forget—forgot—forgotten
6过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。
come—came—come
become—became—become
run—ran—run
六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词,还有一种规则变化形式。
——————————————————————————————————
不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一
类词。
学生难学,老师难教。
幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中
的一些内部规律来记忆。
下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家
在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。
)
二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten
三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come/came/come
become/became/become
run/ran/run
come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:
welcomed,welcomed
四、过去式,过去分词相同:
(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met
feed/fed/fed
(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt
sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept
sweep/swept/swept
(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/spelt
smell/smelt/smelt
spill/spilt/spilt
(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
catch/caught/caught
teach/taught/taught
bring/brought/brought
buy/bought/bought
think/thought/thought
(5)将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood
(6)将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid
pay/paid/paid
say/said/said
(7)将d改为t
lend/lent/lent
send/sent/sent
spend/spent/spent
build/built/built
(8)将i改为a,o,u等
sit/sat/sat
spit/spat/spat
win/won/won
dig/dug/dug
(9)将ell改为old
tell/told/told
sell/sold/sold
(10)词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt
mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt
spoil/spoilt/spoilt
(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的
learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone
shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung
hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt
smell/smelled/smelled
(12)其它
have(has)/had/had
hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot
lose/lost/lost
hold/held/held
get/got/got(AmEgotten)
find/found/found
make/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同:
(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown
fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown
know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed
draw/drew/drawn
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun
drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung
sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum
sink/sank/sunk
(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven
write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen
ride/rode/ridden
(4)原形后加n变成过去分词
rise/rose/risen
eat/ate/eaten
fall/fell/fallen
give/gave/given
(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken
choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen
mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolen
speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken
wake/woke/woken(或woke)
(6)其它
be/was或were/been
do/did/done
forget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gone
hide/hid/hidden
see/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk
sink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone/shone照耀
shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂
hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
find找到、发现find/found/found
found创建,成立found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对:
(1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去
(2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得
(3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉——
wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked醒来
(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——
fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉
(5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖
(6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来
(7)teach/taught/taught教——
learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——
find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——
get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得、收到
(二)、词义相近:
(1)beat/beat/beaten.打,打败
win/won/won赢得、获胜
(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解
know/knew/known知道,了解,认识
(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得
become/became/become变成,成为,变得
go/went/gone变成
turn/turned/turned变成
(4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过
pay/paid/paid支付、交纳
cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
take/took/taken花费
(5)say/said/said说、讲
speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论
①A-B-B型变化
不定式过去式过去分词基本意义
bendbentbent使变曲
bringbroughtbrought带来;
引起;
产生
buyboughtbought购买;
采购
catchcaughtcaught接住;
抓住;
赶上;
染上
dealdealtdealt分配;
分给
digdugdug挖(土);
掘地
feelfeltfelt触摸(某物);
感觉到
fightfoughtfought搏斗;
奋斗;
斗争;
findfoundfound发现;
找到;
getgotgot/gotten收到;
接到;
得到;
成为
havehadhad有;
吃;
喝;
进行;
经受
hearheardheard听见;
听说;
得知
holdheldheld拿住;
抱;
举行
keepkeptkept留下;
保留;
继续
laylaidlaid放置;
产(卵)
leaveleftleft离开;
把……留下;
剩下
learnlearnt
learnedlearnt
learned学;
学习;
获悉;
lendlentlent借出;
借给
loselostlost失去;
丧失;
损失
makemademade做;
制作;
制造;
使得
meetmetmet遇见;
碰见;
相遇
babysitbabysatbabysat照顾婴儿
paypaidpaid付钱;
给……报酬
saysaidsaid说,讲
sellsoldsold卖;
销售
shineshoneshone发光;
照耀;
照射
sitsatsat坐;
就座
sleepsleptslept睡,睡觉;
睡着
smellsmeltsmelt闻出;
嗅;
发出气味
spendspentspent用(钱);
花(时间);
度过
standstoodstood站立;
直立;
位于;
teachtaughttaught教,教授;
传授
telltoldtold告诉;
讲述;
吩咐
thinkthoughtthought想,思考,认为
understandunderstoodunderstood懂;
理解;
领会
winwonwon赢;
获胜;
赢得,获得
buildbuiltbuilt建筑,建造
feedfedfed喂养
hanghunghung悬挂,吊
sweepsweptswept打扫
sendsentsent送,派
shootshotshot射击
spitspatspat吐(痰)
spoilspoiltspoilt溺爱,损坏,破坏
fleefledfled逃离
leadledled引导;
致便;
领导
misleadmisledmisled把…引错方向;
给…带错路
meanmeantmeant意思是…
②A-B-A型变化
不定式过去式过去分词基本含义
overcomeovercameovercome克服,战胜
becomebecamebecome变为,成为
comecamecome到来;
出现
runranrun跑,奔跑;
③A-B-C型变化
Bewas/werebeen有;
存在;
是;
beginbeganbegun开始
blowblewblown吹,刮;
吹响
breakbrokebroken打破(断,碎);
损坏,撕开
choosechosechosen选择,挑选,选取
dodiddone做,干
drinkdrankdrunk喝;
饮
drivedrovedriven驾驶(车):
驱赶
eatateeaten吃
fallfellfallen落下;
跌落;
变为
flyflewflew飞;
飞行;
forgetforgotforgotten忘记;
遗忘;
忽视
freezefrozefrozen(使)结冰;
冷冻
givegavegiven送给;
授予;
供给;
gowentgone去;
离去;
行驶;
通到;
到达
growgrewgrown变成;
生长;
发育;
种植
knowknewknown知道,懂得;
了解;
认识
lielaylain躺;
平卧;
(指物)平放
rideroderidden骑马、自行车等;
搭乘
ringrangrung(铃等)鸣响;
打电话
riseroserisen上升;
上涨;
起立
seesawseen看见;
察觉;
showshowedshown/showed给……看;
展出;
表明
shakeshookshaken颤抖
singsangsung唱,唱歌
speakspokespoken说话;
会说(某语言);
发言
stealstolestolen偷;
窃取
swimswamswum游水;
游泳
taketooktaken拿;
服用;
乘坐;
花费
throwthrewthrown投,抛,扔,掷
wakewokewoken醒,醒来,叫醒
wearworeworn穿,戴
writewrotewritten写,书写;
写作,著述
forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅
hidehidhidden/hid躲,藏
divedovedived跳水
sinksanksunk/sunken下沉
④A-A-A型变化
costcostcost价值为,花费;
使付出
cutcutcut切;
割;
剪;
砍;
削
hurthurthurt使受伤痛;
刺痛;
伤害
letletlet允许,让
putputput放,摆;
装入
readreadread阅读,朗诵
shutshutshut关上,封闭;
紧闭;
合拢
upsetupsetupset使人不舒服
betbetbet确信,打赌
hithithit击中
setsetset放置
1、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
spill—spilt—