精读课程 Unit 11 exercise keysWord文件下载.docx
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Followingtheruleofaneyeforaneyewillonlyleadtofurthertragedies.依循以牙还牙的规则只会造成更多的悲剧。
5.viciouscircle:
asituationinwhichtheeffectofoneproblemcreatesanother,andcausesthefirstproblemtoreturn恶性循环
e.g.Thediseasecanleaduptoaviciouscircleoffurthertrouble.这一疾病会导致更加严重的疾病,从而形成恶性循环。
Thisbecomesanincreasinglyviciouscircleuntilheiswillingtochangehowhesees.这种恶性循环会愈演愈烈,除非他甘愿改变自己的看法。
II.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordorphrasetakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.
1.guidelines2.promoted3.reconciled4.viciouscircle
5.worth6.keep…undercontrol7.compelled8.forge
III.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.compelling2.acknowledgement3.promotion4.reconciliation
5.mutually6.invisible7.confrontation8.denial
1.compelv.强迫,迫使,使不得已
compelleda.强迫的
compellinga.有说服力的
e.g.大雪迫使我们呆在户内。
Theheavysnowcompelledustostayindoors.
他强迫他的女儿读她不喜欢的科目。
Hecompelledhisdaughtertostudythesubjectshedoesnotlike.
2.acknowledgev.承认,公认,告知收到,表示感谢,注意到
acknowledgementn.承认,确认,感谢
e.g.他不愿认输。
Heisunwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.
对我的申请,我还没有收到回信。
Ididn’treceiveanacknowledgementofmyapplication.
3.promotev.促进;
提升,升迁;
促销
promotionn.晋升;
促进;
提升
promotionala.推销的;
晋升的
e.g.锻炼可增进健康。
Exercisepromoteshealth.
在这家公司里提升的机会很多。
Therearegoodchancesofpromotioninthisfirm.
4.reconcilev.和解,调和,妥协
reconciliationn.和解,调和
e.g.我们试图让她和她的父母和好。
Wetriedtoreconcileherwithherparents.
5.mutuala.共同的,相互的
mutuallyad.相互,共同
e.g.爱是相互的。
Loveismutual.
6.visiblea.可见的,看得见的
invisiblea.看不见的,无形的
e.g.从我旅馆房间的窗户可以望到大山。
Themountainisvisiblefromthewindowofmyhotelroom.
7.confront(v.)面临,对抗,遭遇
confrontation(n.)对审,面对面,面对
e.g.士兵常常要身临险境。
Asoldieroftenhastoconfrontdanger.
8.denyv.否认,拒绝给与
denialn.否认,拒绝
e.g.他的回答几乎等于拒绝。
Hisreplyapproachestoadenial.
V.Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.Synonym:
well-intentioned
2.Antonym:
outer,external
3.Antonym:
unfairness,partiality,injustice
4.Synonym:
pardon,excuse
5.Synonym:
discharged,dismissed,sacked
6.Synonym:
below,under
7.Synonym:
enemy,opponent
8.Antonym:
current,present
VI.Provideineachspacethefullformforeachshortenedform.
1.WTOWorldTradeOrganization/WorldTourismOrganization
2.WHOWorldHealthOrganization
3.UNESCOUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization
4.EUEuropeanUnion
5.FBIFederalBureauofInvestigation
6.ASEANAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations
7.DIYdoityourself
8.UFOunidentifiedflyingobject
GrammarExercises
1.Useofdeterminers
Wordsthatprecedeanypremodifyingadjectivesinanounphraseandwhichdenotesuchreferentialmeaningsasspecificreference,genericreference,definitequantityorindefinitequantityarereferred
toasdeterminers.
1)Determinerswithallthreeclassesofnouns
Determinerssuchaspossessivedeterminers,genitivenounsandthedefinitearticleaswellassome,any,no,theother,andwhosecangowithallthethreeclassesofnouns.
e.g.thecarthecarsthemoney
hiscarhiscarshismoney
somebooksomebookssomemoney
2)Determinerswithsingularcountnounsonly
Determinerssuchasa(n),one,
another,each,every,either,neither,manya,suchacanonly
collocatewithsingularcountnouns.
e.g.eachworkereverystudenteitherbookneitherboy
3)Determinerswithpluralcountnounsonly
Determinerssuchasboth,two,three,etc.,anothertwo/three,many,(a)few,several,these,those,a(great)numberofcanonlycollocatewithpluralcountnouns.
e.g.bothworkers(a)fewwordsseveralgirlsthese/thosetourists
4)Determinerswithnoncountnounsonly
Determinerssuchasa(little)bitof,agreatamountof,agreatdealof,(a)little,much,less,leastcanonlycollocatewithnoncountnouns.
e.g.muchnoise(a)littlecourageabitoffunalargeamountofmoneylessoil
5)Determinerswithsingularandpluralcountnounsonly
Determinerssuchasthefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenextcangowitheithersingularorpluralcountnouns.
e.g.thefirstrose/rosesthelastman/menthenextmeeting/meetings
6)Determinerswithsingularandnoncountnounsonly
Determinerssuchasthis,thatcancollocatewitheithersingularornoncountnouns.
e.g.this/thatjobthis/thatwork
7)Determinerswithpluralandnoncountnounsonly
Determinerssuchasalotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,most,such,othercangowithpluralandnoncountnouns,butnotwithsingularnouns.
e.g.enoughcopiesenoughbreadmoreessaysmoretimemostpeople
Thisclassofdeterminersmayalsoincludelessandleast,
normallyoccurwithnoncountnouns,butinpresent-dayEnglish,especiallyininformalstyle,mayoccasionallyoccurwithpluralnouns.
e.g.Lessandlesspeoplecanaffordtogoabroadfortheirholidays.
PoliticalprogramsonTVattracttheleastviewers.
(Thisuseoflessandleastisregardedbysomeasnon-standard.)
2.Useofpronouns
Pronounsarevariedclosed-classwordswithnominalfunction.Englishhasadevelopedpronounsystem,comprisingpersonalpronounssuchasI,you,he,she,it,we,they,me,him,her,them,possessivepronounssuchasmy,mine,your,his,her,hers,its,our,ours,your,yours,their,theirs,reflexivepronounssuchasmyself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves,reciprocalpronounssuchasoneanother,eachother,demonstrativepronounssuchasthis,that,these,those,interrogativepronounssuchaswho,whom,whose,what,which,relativepronounssuchaswho,whom,whose,that,whichandindefinitivepronounssuchassomebody,anybody,everybody,nobody,someone,anyone,everyone,noone,something,anything,everything,nothing,all,another,any,both,each,few,neither,none,some,etc.
e.g.There’ssomebodyatthedoor.
Didanybodyeverhearofsuchathing?
3.Useofgenitivecaseofnouns
Caseisagrammaticalterm.Itdenotesthechangesintheformofanounorapronounshowingitsrelationshipbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallywithotherwordsinasentence.
Thegenitivecaseofnounsisformedbyadding’stonouns.
e.g.mymother’sarrival,women’sclothes,mymother-in-law’sdeath,anhour’swork
Certainsemanticrelationsbetweennounphrasesmaybeexpressedbyagenitiveinpremodificationorbyaprepositionalphrase(usuallyanof-phrase)inpostmodification.
e.g.thetrunkofanelephant,theforeignpolicyofChina,thearrivaloftheprimeminister
I.Fillintheblankswithpronouns.
Key:
1.all,anything2.all3.she4.ones5.I,I
6.anything7.Anybody8.none9.it10.something,anyone/anybody
II.Correcttheerrors,wherefound,inthefollowingsentences.
1.everyone→everyone
2.each→every
3.mywholeluggage→allmyluggage
4.onmyselfonmyown/bymyself
5.thea
6.correct.
7.alittlelittle
8.mostmymostofmy
III.Comparetheitalicizedparts.
1.a.aportraitthatdepictsJohnb.aportraitthatJohnpossesses
2.a.non-uniquereferenceb.definitereference
3.a.talkingwithasenseofdisapprovalb.talkingaboutafact
4.a.informalb.formal
5.aglasstoholdwineb.aglasswithwineinit
6.a.abagusedforshoppingb.abagfullofshopping
7.a.vegetablesthataregrowninagardenb.agardenwherevegetablesaregrown
8.a.Mr.andMrs.Carteraretheownersofthebooksb.England’sproblemsandAmerica’sproblems
IV.Rephrasethefollowingsentences,usingthecorrectpossessiveforms.
1.Iamtakingaweek’sholiday.
2.IwasintroducedtoafriendofJohnandPeter’s.
3.Thepostofficeistwominutes’walkfromhere.
4.JohnrodeCharles’(s)bicycle.
5.Threemenhelpedtoorganizetheschoolsportsday.TheywereRobert’s,Peter’sandHenry’sfathers.
6.Wouldyouwantoneofmycat’skittens?
7.Ihadacupofcoffeeinthestationbuffet.
8.Atthepartywesanganddancedtoourheart’scontent.
V.choosetheexpressions.
1.b2.a3.b4.a5.a6.c7.c8.b
Translationexercises
I.EnglishChinese
1.承认仇恨将迫使我们作出决定,是否要对我们的灵魂进行可以称之为“宽恕”的手术。
2.当他说他的支持没能打动院长,因此感到非常抱歉时,她假装相信了他,可她无法保持这种两面性。
3.宽恕意味着用一种新的眼光去审视伤害我们的人,排除他的过错,看看那不道德的外衣下究竟是一个什么样的人。
4.如果所有的人都坚持“以眼还眼”式的正义,那么整个世界就像陷入黑暗。
II.ChineseEnglish
1.Asmyarticlewasover10,000words,Ifinallyhadtocutoutseveralparagraphstosatisfytherequirementsoftheacademicjournal.
Practice:
我们把不重要的细节删掉。
Letuscutouttheunimportantdetails.
我把那些我认为没有价值的东西删除了。
IhavecutoutsomeofthematerialwhichIfoundtobeoflittlevalue.
2.Thereisnorunningawayfromthefacts,sowemustfaceuptothetruthandpayforourmistakes.
一个结婚的人必须承担他的责任。
Amarriedmanhastofaceuptohisresponsibilities.
人才外流是一个全球性的问题,不能面对这一新现实的国家,就将失去一些最为宝贵的资源。
Thebraindrainisauniversalphenomenon,