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Onlinetherapyisdangerous,criticssay.Quackscouldsetupshopandscamcustomers.Discontentswhoarelookingforaquickfixcouldscoredrugswithasimplemouseclick.Theentirementalhealthindustrymaydegenerateintoamess.
AtaCapitolHillnewsconferencelastweek,acoalitionofmedicalpractitionersandpatientadvocatesreleasedasetofguidelinestokeepthatfromhappeningbeforethegovernmentgetsachancetostepinanddoitforthem.Butcriticssaythosestandardsmightnotbeenough,andwarnthatmixingprofessionalcounselingwiththeInternetisapotentiallyvolatilesituationthatthegovernmentisnotlikelytoignore.
Theguidelines—theeHealthCodeofEthics—aren’trevolutionary.They’revoluntaryrulesdrawnupbytheInternetHealthcareCoalitionthatasktheplayersinthisfield(andintheelectronichealthfieldingeneral)tostaythecourseandfollowasetofstandardsthatsomesitessaytheywerealreadyfollowing.
GunnyCho,CEOoftheonlinetherapysiteH,saidhiscompanywasalreadyadheringtotheguidelinessuggestedinthenewcode.“Weweretakingthehighestofthehighmoralground,”hesaid.ChosaidmostofthepeoplewhouseStanfordUniversity-backedHere2listen’sfee-based,real-timechatservicearelookingforhelpwithpersonalrelationshipsandlife’sstresses.Noneofthemwillbehookedupwithdrugs,hesaid,becauseHere2listen’sshrinksaretheretolisten,notprescribe.
Psychology-ethicsexpertThomasNagyiswaryofhowhisfieldisembracingtheInternetasaclinicalmedium.TheassistantclinicalprofessoratStanfordMedicalSchool’sDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciences,whomaintainsaprivatepracticeasapsychologistinPaloAlto,saysonlinetherapyisrifewithrisks.“There’snotrainingorresearchinInternettherapy,andthere’snodefinitionofwhatitis,”hesaid.Hesaidface-to-facecounseling,oratleasttelephonictherapy,isalwayssuperiortoonlinetherapy.“Withwordsonascreenyouhavesuchanarrowbandwidthofemotionalovertones,”hesaid.“Iwouldalwaysarguefortelephoneconsultationinsteadofemailtherapy.Ithinkthere’ssomuchmoreinformationavailable,youcanatleasttellsomethingabout(apatient’s)emotionaltone.”
GlennMarron,apsychologistwhomaintainsaprivatepracticeinNewYorkandonceservedasconsultanttothegovernment,agreedthattheindustryismovingquickerthanitshould.“Ithinkthere’snoquestionthatultimatelythisindeedisgoingtobeoneofthemainformatsformentalhealth,”shesaid.“Thetechnologyisfarmoreadvancedthantheinfrastructureandguidelineswehave.”[458words]
1.Onlinetherapyiscriticizedfor.
[A]givingpotentiallyharmfuladvicetothecustomers
[B]sellingdrugstohelpapersontocommitsuicide
[C]thedisclosureofpatients’informationwithoutpermission
[D]thelackofsystematictrainingandresearchsupport
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatonlinetherapyguidelines.
[A]revealthefirmpositionoftheethicscommittee
[B]arecompulsoryrequirementsforthetherapysites
[C]willresultinnoradicalchangeinthepresentsituation
[D]preventtheneedforgovernment-imposedregulationinthefuture
3.Theword“shrinks”(Line5,Paragraph4)mostprobablyrefersto.
[A]psychiatrists[B]patients[C]customers[D]critics
4.ThomasNagyprefersface-to-facetherapybecause.
[A]clinicaldoctorsaremorepassionateforpatientcare
[B]signsofpatientsareinvisibletoatherapistviaemail
[C]itisabetterwaytoaddressmentalhealthproblems
[D]itavoidstheconstraintsofonlinediagnosisandtreatment
5.Whichofthefollowinggroupismostlikelytosupportinternettherapy?
[A]medicalpractitioners.[B]psychologicalexperts.
[C]thegovernment.[D]networkcompanies.
Text207.6剩余
Therealheroineofthenovelstandsatoneremovetothenarrative.Onthefaceofit,readersaremorelikelytoempathizewith,andbecuriousabout,themysteriousandresourcefulslave,Sarah,whoformsonepointofanemotionaltriangle.SarahisthepropertyofManon,andcamewithhertoafailingLouisianasugarplantationonhermarriagetothegood-for-nothing,bullyingowner.ButManon’shusbandissoonstruckbySarah,andtheproofliesintheiridiotsmallson,Walter.
However,thereaderisforcedtoseethingsthroughManon’seyes,notSarah’s,andherconsciousnessisnotacomfortableplacetobe.Neverapleaseorathankyoupassesherlipswhentalkingtoslaves,thoughmannersistheorderofthedayinwhitesociety.Manonisenormouslyattractedbyinter-racialmarriage(fortheplaceandtime—theearly19thcentury—suchaconcernwouldnotbeunusual,butinhercaseitseemspathological).Walter,with“hisfather’scurlyredhairandgreeneyes,hismother’sgoldenskin,herfull,pushing-forwardlips”,istheobjectofherespecialhatred,butshechattersonaboutallthe“dreadfulmixed-blooded”,theobjectionable“yellow”people.
BeyondManon’spolarizedvision,weglimpse“freenegros”andtheemergingblackmiddle-class.ToManon’sdisgust,suchpeopleactuallyhaveself-respect.InNewOrleansbuyingshoes,Manonistakenabackbytheshopkeeper’slackofdesiredrespect.MixedraceprostitutesacquiredtheaffectionsofmaleplantersbygivingthemsomethingmysterioustheirwivescannotoftenWhatthatmightbe,andwhywivescan’tofferittoo,arequestionsManoncan’tevenask,letaloneanswer.
ThefirstthirdofthebookexplorestheuneasyandunsustainablepeacebetweenManon,Sarahandthemanalwayscalledjust“myhusband”or“he”.Againstthebackgroundofviolentslaverevoltsandequallysavagerevenges,it’sclearthepeacecannotlast.It’spartofthesubtletyofthisbookthatasthestorydevelopsandtheinevitableexplosionoccurs,ourviewofallthecharactersswiftlychanges.SarahturnsouttodeserveallthesuspicionManondirectsather;
atthepointofdeathManon’shusbanddisplaysanadmirabletoughnessandcourage;
andManonherselfwinsthereader’sreluctantadmirationforherbravery,herendurance,andhertotallackofself-pity.
Perhapsthecruelestaspectofthissocietyisthewayitbreaksdownanddistortsfamilyaffections.Aslave’sbabyisusuallysoldsoonafterbirth;
Sarah’swould-behusband,ifhewantsher,mustbuyher;
andManonherself,afterall,isonlythepropertyofherhusband.[464words]
6.WhichofthefollowingreflectsManon’sattitudetowardscoloredpeople?
[A]Sympathetic.[B]Suspicious.[C]Concerned.[D]Disgusted.
7.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthenoveliswritten.
[A]withamobilepointofview[B]withalimitedthirdpersonsingular
[C]fromManon’sperspective[D]fromSarah’seyeasaslave
8.AccordingtoManon,blackpeopleshould.
[A]emergeasfreemiddleclasscitizens[B]behavesubmissivelytowardsthewhites
[C]haveself-respectinthemixedracemarriage[D]learntooffermoreaffectiontotheirwives
9.Welearnthatasthestorydevelops.
[A]readerswillthinkdifferentlyofallthecharacters
[B]Manon’shusbandwillwinbackheradmiration
[C]theemotionalcrisiswillbeswiftlyresolved
[D]allthesuspicionwillbeprovedagainstSarah
10.Fromthetextwelearnthat.
[A]Manon’shusbandisanamelessbutbullyingperson
[B]Manonistherealheroinewhodeservesreaders’sympathy
[C]SarahisinfactsmarterthanhermasterManon
[D]Walterisaproofofthemixedraceprostitution
Text306.8
Instudyingboththerecurrenceofspecialhabitsorideasinseveraldistricts,andtheirprevalencewithineachdistrict,therecomebeforeusever-reiteratedproofsofregularcausationproducingthephenomenaofhumanlife,andoflawsofmaintenanceanddiffusionconditionsofsociety,atdefinitestagesofculture.But,whilegivingfullimportancetotheevidencebearingonthesestandardconditionsofsociety,letusbecarefultoavoidapitfallwhichmayentraptheunwarystudent.Ofcourse,theopinionsandhabitsbelongingincommontomassesofmankindaretoagreatextenttheresultsofsoundjudgmentandpracticalwisdom.Buttoagreatextentitisnotso.
Thatmanynumeroussocietiesofmenshouldhavebelievedintheinfluenceoftheevileyeandtheexistenceofafirmament,shouldhavesacrificedslavesandgoodstotheghostsofthedeparted,shouldhavehandeddowntraditionsofgiantsslayingmonstersandmenturningintobeasts—allthisisgroundforholdingthatsuchideaswereindeedproducedinmen’smindsbyefficientcauses,butitisnotgroundforholdingthattheritesinquestionareprofitable,thebeliefssound,andthehistoryauthentic.Thismayseematthefirstglanceatruism,but,infact,itisthedenialofafallacywhichdeeplyaffectsthemindsofallbutasmallcriticalminorityofmankind.Popularly,whateverybodysaysmustbetrue,whateverybodydoesmustberight.
Therearevarioustopics,especiallyinhistory,law,philosophy,andtheology,whereeventheeducatedpeopleweliveamongcanhardlybebroughttoseethatthecausewhymendoholdanopinion,orpractiseacustom,isbynomeansnecessarilyareasonwhytheyoughttodoso.Nowcollectionsofethnographicevidence,bringingsoprominentlyintoviewtheagreementofimmensemultitudesofmenastocertaintraditions,beliefs,andusages,arepeculiarlyliabletobethusimproperlyusedindirectdefenseoftheseinstitutionsthemselves,evenoldbarbaricnationsbeingpolledtomaintaintheiropinionsagainstwhatarecalledmodernideas.
Asithasmorethanoncehappenedtomy