江苏专用版高考英语新增分大一轮复习语法专题全辑专题十形容词和副词讲义牛津译林版Word格式.docx
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①下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:
lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,likely,brotherly,timely等.
②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词:
③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词:
题组训练1
选词填空
sharp,occasionally,thankfully,optional,particular,besides,transparent,permanent,steady,quite
1.Itisonethingtoenjoylisteningtogoodmusic,butitisquiteanothertoplayitwellyourself.
2.Theoldengineer’seyesstillshonebrightinthewrinkledbrownfaceandhisstepashecameacrosstheroomwassteady,thoughslow.
3.Anunhappychildhoodmayhavesomenegativeeffectsonaperson’scharacter;
however,theyarenotalwayspermanent.
4.Thestate-runcompanyisrequiredtomakeitsaccountsastransparentaspossibleforitsstafftomonitortheuseofmoney.
5.Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides,I’dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.
6.Shehasalreadytriedherbest.Pleasedon’tbetooparticularaboutherjob.
7.Inthatschool,Englishiscompulsoryforallstudents,butFrenchandRussianareoptional.
8.Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.
9.I’vebeenwritingthisreportoccasionallyforthelasttwoweeks,butithastobehandedintomorrow.
10.Nowadays,thereisasharpincreaseinchildren’screativity,fortheyaregreatlyencouragedtodeveloptheirtalents.
2.形容词和副词的比较等级
(1)原级的构成和用法.
构成:
形容词、副词的原级即本身.
用法:
表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;
表示双方不相等时,用“notso(as)+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;
表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构.
XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.
Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.
MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.
Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.
(2)比较级和最高级的构成.
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词.
(3)比较级的用法.
①表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示.
Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.
②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示.
Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,byfar等修饰.
Heworksevenharderthanbefore.
注意:
(A)英语的比较级前如无even,still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”.
Sheisbetterthanshewasyesterday.
Pleasecomeearliertomorrow.
(B)byfar通常用于强调最高级.用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”.
Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.
Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”).
Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.
⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构.
Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than.这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的),superior(较好的,优于……),junior(资历较浅的),senior(资格较老的),prior(在……之前)等.
HeissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词.that指物,one既可指人又可指物.that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词.
Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.
Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.
⑧倍数表达法.
(A)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,length,etc.)ofB.
Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.
(B)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.
AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.
(C)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.
Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.
用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.
(4)最高级的用法.
①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示.这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语.
ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.
Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.
②最高级可被序数词以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等词语所修饰.
Thishatisbyfar/much/nearly/almost/notreally/bynomeans/notquite/nothinglikethebiggest.
③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级.
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略.
Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词.
Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.
⑥否定词+比较级=最高级
Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.
(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况.
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级前可不加冠词.
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词,或不加冠词,不表比较,表示“非常”.
Heisamostcleveryoungpoliceman.(most=very)
Thefilmismostinteresting.(most=very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”,比较级前加the.
Whoistheolderofthetwoboys?
④在“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构中.
Themore,thebetter.
(6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语.
①asmuchas+不可数名词数量多达
Eachstoneweighsasmuchasfifteentons.
Shecouldearnasmuchastendollarsaweek.
②asmanyas+可数名词数量多达
Ihaveasmanyassixteenreferencebooks.
③asearlyas早在
AsearlyasthetwelfthcenturytheEnglishbegantoinvadetheisland.
④asfaras远到;
就……而知(论)
Wemightgoasfaras(走到)thechurchandback.
AsfarasIknow(就我所知),hehasbeentherebefore.
⑤may(might,could)aswell不妨,不如
Thenyoumightaswellstaywithushere.
⑥as...asonecan尽某人所能的……
Theyareasunreliableastheycanbe.
Hebegantorun,asfastashecould.
⑦as...aspossible尽可能……的
Justgetthemtofinishupasquicklyaspossible.
题组训练2
1.The
longer
you
stay(你待的时间越长),thebetteritwillbe.
2.Thenewcityisbecoming
more
and
beautiful
(变得越来越美丽了).
3.Chinaislarger
than
any
other
country
in
Asia
(比亚洲任何其他国家都大).
4.The
taller
of
the
two
boys(这两个男孩中较高的那个)ismybrother.
5.Theroadisfivetimesaslongasthatone.(同义句改写)
Theroadisfivetimesthelengthofthatone.
Theroadisfourtimeslongerthanthatone.
3.几组重要的词语辨析
(1)very和much的区别.
①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much.
②表示状态的过去分词前用very.如averyfrightenedboy,averytiredchild,averycomplicatedproblem.一般情况下,以-ing,-ed结尾的分词多用much,verymuch,greatly等修饰.
WeweregreatlyshockedbythenewsaboutTom.
IwasmuchamusedbyJack’sattitude.
③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very.如:
veryinteresting/worrying/exciting.
④too前用much,alot或far,不用very.如:
Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.另外,在toomany/much,toofew/little前用far.
There’sfartoolittleopportunityforadventurethesedays.
We’vegotfartoomanyeggsandfartoofeweggcups.
⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:
(a)修饰绝对意义的形容词,一般不用very,而用quite,completely,well,entirely.如:
quitewrong(mistaken,sure),completelydead,quiteimpossible,quiteperfect等.(b)修饰以a-开头的形容词,多有特殊的修饰词:
quitealone,verymuchalone,wideawake,fastasleep,verymuchafraid.(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:
bewellworth,muchthesame,freezingcold,quitedifferent,terriblycold/frightening.
(2)so...that...与such...that...的区别.
下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many,much,little,few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时,如somuchprogress,somanypeople,solittlefood,sofewapples等.但当little表示“小”时用such.如:
Thesearesuchlittleboysthattheycan’tdressthemselves.下列so的用法是错误的:
soadifficultproblem,sodifficultproblems,sohotweather.
(3)其他几组词的辨析.
①ago,before:
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”;
before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”.泛指“以前”用before而不用ago.
②already,yet,still:
already表示某事已经发生;
yet表示期待某事发生;
still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句.
③too,also,either:
too和also用于肯定句,too多用于口语,also多用于书面语,either用于否定句.
④good,well:
与good不同的是,well作形容词,只能在系动词后作表语,表示“身体状况好”,也作副词修饰动词.
⑤quick,fast:
作形容词皆表示“快”.fast多指运动的物体,含持续的意思.quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然,而且持续的时间较短.
⑥real,true:
作形容词皆表示“真的”.real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的,在句中常作定语;
true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合,在句中作表语或定语.
⑦hard,difficult:
均表示“困难”,但hard通常指体力上困难;
difficult则指智力或技能上的困难,困难程度大于hard.它们都可作定语和表语.
1.Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel,themanageris
toinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.(2018·
江苏,34)
A.keenB.reluctant
C.anxiousD.ready
答案 B
解析 考查形容词词义辨析.句意为:
虽然宾馆的服务很差,但经理仍然不愿意投资对员工进行充分的培训.reluctant意为“不情愿的”,符合语境.keen渴望的,着迷的;
anxious担心的,焦虑的;
ready准备好的,愿意的.
2.OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death,smart-phonesdefeated
PCsinsales.
(2017·
江苏,29)
A.controversialB.contradictory
C.confidentialD.conventional
答案 D
仅仅在史蒂夫·
乔布斯去世五年之后,智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑.语境提到smart-phones(智能手机),与之对应的PCs(personalcomputers)应该用形容词conventional修饰,表示“传统的”.controversial有争议的;
contradictory自相矛盾的;
confidential机密的.故选D.
3.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.But
explanationsarehardtofind.(2017·
A.alternativeB.aggressive
C.ambiguousD.apparent
答案 A
恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞,但也难以找到别的解释.空格处与前面的“未必”(notnecessarily)呼应,这里用alternative表示“另外的,可替代的”.aggressive好斗的,挑衅的;
ambiguous模棱两可的,不明确的;
apparent显而易见的,明白的.
4.—IwanttoseeMrWhite.Wehaveanappointment.
—I’msorry,butheisnot
atthemoment,forthemeetinghasn’tended.(2017·
天津,3)
A.busyB.active
C.concernedD.available
——我想见怀特先生.我们已经约好了.——很抱歉,但是此刻他没空(available),因为会议还没有结束.D项available可表示“(人)有空的”,符合语境.busy忙碌的;
active活跃的;
concerned担忧的.
5.Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemost
statementsofhow,andonwhatbasis,dataarecollected.(2016·
江苏,31)
A.explicitB.ambiguous
C.originalD.arbitrary
他全面的调查提供了关于如何收集信息及在什么基础上收集信息的最清楚明确的说明.explicit清楚的,明晰的,详述的;
ambiguous模棱两可的,含糊不清的;
original起初的,原来的;
arbitrary任意的,随心所欲的.
6.Inthisarticle,youneedtobackupgeneralstatementswith
examples.(2016·
浙江,16)
A.specificB.permanent
C.abstractD.universal
解析 考查形容词辨析.句意为:
在这篇文章里,你需要用具体的例子来支持你的总体性陈述.specific具体的,特定的;
permanent永久的;
abstract抽象的;
universal通用的,普遍的.根据句意可知选A.
7.IhavealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhopetoattend
inthecomingyears.(2016·
浙江,18)
A.littlemoreB.nomore