远大前程论文Word格式.docx

远大前程论文Word格式.docx

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GreatExpectationsisanexcellentoflateDickenscriticalrealismnovelwhich

describesPip’sgreatexpectationsofdisillusionprocess,throughthefactsoftheeducationhefinallyrealizedhisbuckishworldpursuitofallisofnovalue.Inordertomakepeoplebetterunderstandthisworks,andthemoreclearlyseedickens'

workscriticalrealism,thispaperaimsattheformidablestrengthtohislaterworksthegreatexpectations,theprotagonist'

spersonalitydevelopmentanditsinfluencingfactorswereanalyzed.

KeyWords:

Greatexpectations,Dickens,Criticalrealism,Characterdevelopment,Socialreality,Charityrecovery

Contents

Introduction

1.CharlesDickensandHisTimes

2ThePlotofGreatExpectations

3.TheanalysisofPipatgrowthcourse

4TheFactorsthatInfluencetheRevivalofPip’sBenevolence

4.1TheInfluencefromJoe

4.2TheInfluencefromMagwitch

5.Conclusion

Reference

Dickensengineersemotionaleffectsinthisbookbyshiftingwritingstyles.Healternatesbroadeffectswithsubtletouches.Comicexaggeration,satiricunderstatement,thebroodingtonesofmelodrama,andthesternnotesoftragedyallslipinandout.Althoughhemustworkthroughhisnarrator,Pip,Dickensfine-tunesthetoneofPip'

svoicetosteeroursympathiesincertaindirections.

Pip'

susualvoiceisquietandthoughtful;

he'

sevenalittlestiffandtendstowardformalturnsofphrase.Buthealsousesdeadpanhumor（readtheopeningtwoparagraphs）;

helashesoutathimself（readtheendofchapter8）;

everyonceinawhilehestepsasideandcommentswiselyonlife（readtheendofchapter9）.Atothertimes（asinchapter14）heburstsforthtodescribehisfeelings,withlong,rhythmicsentences,urgentquestions,andechoingphrases.SometimesPipfadesintothebackgroundandsimplyobserves,sothatDickenscanwritescenesready-madeforthestage.LookatsomeofEstellaandMissHavisham'

sconfrontations,forexample;

Piprecordswhatissaid,addingtheactors'

gesturesandtonesofvoice,buthedoesn'

tanalyze.Hedoesn'

tneedto,becausethedialogueitself,likethedialogueinaTVsoapopera,effectivelyconveyssomuchpassion.Pipinterjectscommentsduringsomescenes,suchasthosewiththeconvict,wherethedramaliesinthetwistsandturnsofPip'

sownreactions.Hetreatsotherscenesinavividoverview;

describingWopsle'

sHamlet（chapter31）,forinstance,heparaphraseswhatissaidandtossesoutjumbleddetails,tomakeitlookasabsurdaspossible.

Insomedescriptivepassages,Pipworksslowlyandcarefully,anxioustogetevery

detailexactandthentointerpretthem,aswhenhefirstseesMissHavisham'

shouse（chapter8）.Hedashesoffothersceneswithexaggerated,surrealcomicvision,aswhenhe'

satthecheaphotel（chapter45）;

orhepaintsavastlandscapeinconfident,rhythmicprose,aswhenhesketchestherivertraffic（chapter54）.Thesevariousdescriptionsarealmostlikemovieshots:

theslowcloseup,thequicktake,orthemajesticpanoramicsweep.Dickens,ofcourse,neversawamovie,butheinstinctivelyusedthesametechniquestomaximumeffect.

Dickensisoneoftheworld'

sbest-lovedwriters,andGreatExpectationsmaybe

Dickens'

mostautobiographicalwork.Althoughanearliernovel,DavidCopperfield,followedthefactsofDickens'

lifemoreclosely,thenarratorDavidseemsalittletoogoodtobetrue.ThenarratorofGreatExpectations,Pip,is,incontrast,amanofmanyfaults,whohidesnoneofthemfromthereader.IfPipisaself-portrait,Dickensmusthavebeenareservoirofinferioritycomplexes,guilt,andshame.

ThebeginningofthenovelissetshortlyafterDickens'

birthdate（1812）inthecountryofhischildhood--theKentishcountrysidebythesea（thenearestlargetownisRochester,whereMissHavishamlives）.Dickenswasn'

tanorphan,asPipis,buthemaywellhavefeltlikeone.Hisparentsweresociable,pleasantpeople,butwhenCharles,whowastheeldestboy,wasnine,theDickensespulleduprootsandmovedtoLondontotrytolivemorecheaply.Charleswasappalledbythecramped,grubbyhousetheylivedinthere,andevenmoreashamedwhenhisfatherwasarrestedandtakentodebtors'

prison.TherestoftheDickenseswereallowedtomoveintoprisonwiththeirfather,buttwelve-year-oldCharleshadtoliveonhisownoutside.

Inspiteofhisdepression,DickensmanagedtoincludeinGreatExpectationsthe

irrepressiblecomedyhewasknownandlovedfor.Hisdrivingneedtopleasehispublickepthimonbalance.Thenovel'

sthemes,however,areveryserious.Hewritesabouthumannatureitself,amixtureofmisery,joy,hope,anddespair.Dickensdidnotwritesuchaprofoundnovelbecausehispublicdemandedsomethingheavy;

hewroteitbecausehisvisionoflifewasgrowingcomplex,andhewastoogreatageniustosimplifyit.Luckily,hewasalsoagreatenoughgeniustowriteabookthatpeoplecouldenjoy.ThoughDickensbaredhispsychologicalproblemsinthisnovel,hewasstilltryingtoreachouttohisreaders,tomakethemseetheirownlivesmoreclearly.PerhapsthisiswhypeopleloveDickens--becauseheissohuman,sohonest,andsomuchlikeallofus.

2.ThePlotofGreatExpectations

Inavillagecemetery,asmallboy,Pip,isaccostedbyarunawayconvictMagwitch

whodemandsfoodandafiletosawoffhislegiron.Piphelpedhim.Notlongafterthis,Pipisinvitedtothegloomyhomeofrich,eccentricMissHavisham,whowantsaboyto

"

play"

forheramusement.ButPip'

srealroleatMissHavisham'

sturnsouttobeasatoyforMissHavisham'

sadopteddaughter,Estella,whohasbeenraisedwithonepurpose--tobreakmen'

shearts,PipfallsinlovewithEstellaandbecomesself-consciousabouthislowsocialclassandunpolishedmanners.Fromthenon,hisabidingdreamistobeagentleman.

ThenaLondonlawyer,Jaggers,comestothevillagetotellPipthathehascomeintoafortunefromananonymoussource.Finally,hecametoknowthatitwasMagwitchwhohelpedhim.BackinLondon,PiplearnsthatMagwitchoncehadababygirl,butshewasabandonedbyhermother.Piecingtogetherevidence,PiprealizeswithshockthatEstellawasthatbabygirl.Later,heacceptingajobinanoverseasbranchofHerbert'

soffice.ReturningtoEnglandmanyyearslater,PipvisitsMissHavisham'

shouse,whichhasbeenpulleddown.Estellaisthere,too.Astheywalkawayhandinhand,itlooksasthoughtheywillfinallygettogether.

PipisthenarratorandthemaincharacterofGreatExpectationsandpossiblyalso

thevoiceoftheauthor.IfDickensintendedPipasanautobiographicalfigure,it'

sinteresting--asasidelightonDickens'

personality--thathetriedtomakePipsofullofflawedqualities.Andyet,despitethoseflaws,Pipemergesasacharacterwecareaboutverymuch.

Inaway,wefeelclosetoPipbecauseheisn'

ttryingtoimpressusorbuilduphisownimage;

insteadheconfessesallhisshamesandfearstous.It'

sasthough,throughPip,Dickensisworkingoutallhisworstfeelingsabouthimself.LookbackoverDickens'

lifestoryandcompareittoPip'

s.WhenDickenswasworkingintheblackingwarehousehefelt"

aboveit,"

justasPipfeelsabovehisjob,asanapprenticetoablacksmith.WhentheotherboysresentedDickens,helearnedtokeeptohimself--justaslittlePipseemstodoinMrsWopsle'

sschool.Dickenshadonefriend,BobFagin,whomheungratefullylookeddownon,inmuchthesamewaythatPiptakesforgrantedhisvillagefriendsBiddyandJoe.Pipisalsoahopelessromantic,beneathallhisshyness;

heremainsobsessedforyearswithanidealizedimageofhisbelovedEstella--who'

sreallyproudandcold.Inwritingthis,DickensmayhavebeenchastisinghimselfforhisowninfatuationswithMariaBeadnellorEllenTernan.WhenPipfirstreceiveshismysterious"

expectations"

andbecomesagentleman,hisshynessandambitioncombinetomakehimasnob;

Dickensmaybecriticallyrelivinghisownreactionwhenhewassuddenlyhitwithfameandfortuneatayoungage.DickenssometimesseemssoclosetoPip,it'

shardforhimtogivePiphisownidentity.Pipishighlyimpressionableandsensitivetocriticism,andsohechangeseasily--morethanothercharactersinthebook.（Someothercharactersseemtochange,butreadthemcarefully--itcouldjustbePip'

sattitudetothemthat'

schanging.）Throughoutthebook,Pipstrugglestoformhisidentity;

hedoesn'

tevenseemtohavearealname.Thefirstthingwelearnabouthimisthathehimselfshortenedhisname,PhilipPirrip,totheinsignificantnicknamePip.PhilipPirripwasalsohisfather'

sname,butthenamefeelsalientoPipbecauseheneverknewhisfather（somereadershaveseenthewholebookasbeingPip'

ssearchforafather--whichis,afterall,anotherwayofsearchingforidentity）.WhenPipreceiveshismysteriousfortune,oneofthetermsisthathewillalwaysbecalled

Mr.Pip"

--atitlethatseemsvainandridiculous,asthoughmockingtheideathata"

pip"

shouldeverbecomeimportant.EvenPip'

sbestfriendHerbertPocketimmediatelychangesPip'

snameto"

Handel,"

asthoughbygivingPipan