大型光电集成的机械结构外文文献翻译Word格式.docx

大型光电集成的机械结构外文文献翻译Word格式.docx

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ChrisLucky,JamesLee,BruceKing.

AppliedThermalEngineering,2016,8（6）:

556-568.

Abstract:

Anintegrateddesignmethodisdiscussedwhichthoroughlyconsidersrelatedparametersofthevarioussubsystemsinordertooptimizetheoverallsystemthatmainlyconsistsofopto--mechanicalstructureCAD,CAEandtheintegratedinformationplatformPDM.Basedontheparameterdriveofthevirtualmainmodel,themethodfocusesonthemodeltransformationanddatashareamongdifferentdesignandanalysissteps,andsotheconcurrentsimulationanddesignoptimizationarecarriedout.Asanexampleofapplication,theintegrateddesignforalarge-scaleopto-mechanicalstructureisintroduced,includingopticaldesign,structuredesignandanalysis,whichfurthervalidatestheadvantagesofthemethod.DuetocomprehensiveconsiderationofthedesignandanalysisprocessbyCADandCAEbasedonPDM,theintegrateddesignwellattainsthestructureoptimizationwithhighefficiency.

Keywords:

integrateddesign,CAD/CAE,large-scalestructure,opticalinstrument.

1.Introduction

Large-scaleopticalinstruments,suchaslargetelescopesandlasercommunicationterminals,belongtotheoptical-mechanical-electricintegratedsystems,whicharecharacterizedbyalarge-scaleclearapertureandhighprecision[1,2].Developmentofsuchinstrumentsinvolvesmanykeytechniques,forinstance,largemirrormountingdesign,high-accuracyspecialbaseframe,largeprecisionshafting,high-accuracydrivingtechnique,ultrathinopticalcomponentsupport,activecontrolforthinmirrorsurfacedeformation,newmaterialandmachinetechnique,andsoon.

Intheearlydesignoflarge-scaleopticalinstruments,duetothelackofdesignexperience,sufficienttolerancesareusuallyscheduledforinitialdesignparameters.Aftertheengineeringprototypeiscompleted,itsactualtestresultsarecontrastedtothedesignindexestoevaluatethedesignquality,andsomestructuresandparametersmayinturnbemodifiedtilltheinstrumentdesignisinagreementwiththedesignrequirements.Atpresent,thismethodisnotencouragedforheavytask,highexpense,longcycle,andespeciallyunattainable

optimizationofthedesignresults.

Withthewideapplicationofcomputertechniquesinvariousengineeringfields,thetechniquesofCADandCAEhaverapidlydevelopedandledtotheinnovationindesignmethodsofmodernopticalinstrumentstructure.In1980,JacobM.Miller,AmericanresearcheratHoneywellElectro-OpticalSystemsCenter,firstlyproposedtheconceptsandstepsofoptical-mechanical-electricintegrateddesignmethod,andenumeratedthesoftwareused.Meanwhilehesuccessfullyanalyzedtheoptical--electricsensorbyusingthemethod.BasedonCAD/CAEtechniques,theoptical--mechanical-electricintegratedmethodisusedtoanalyzeandsimulatethegeometrymodelandfiniteelementmodelcorrespondingtothevirtualprototypeoftheinstrument,andoverall,considersmutualactionsandconstraintsofvarioussubsystemssothatthestructureparametersaresystemically,consistentlyanddynamicallybalancedtofinallyoptimizethewholesystemparameters.

Inthepaper,wefurtherdiscussanintegrateddesignmethod,whichfullyconsidersthemodeltransformationandoptimizationoftheparametersduringtheentiredesignprocess,mainlyincludingopto-mechanicalstructuredesignandanalysisbyCAD,CAEandespeciallytheintegratedinformationsharethroughproductdatamanagement（PDM）.Asanexample,alarge-scaleopticalinstrumentstructureisdevelopedbythismethod.Theintegrateddesignandsimulationarecarriedoutfortheoverallsystem.

2.Opto-mechanicalstructureCADmodel

Themechanicalstructureasthemountingsupportstheopticssystemandensurestheopticsperformanceandthesystemreliability.Theconstraintsofmechanicalstructurearegenerallydividedintotwotypesaccordingtotheireffectivenessinopticssystemandapplicationenvironment,theauxiliarypartsofopticssystemandthemountingmechanismsofopticscomponents.Theopto-mechanicalstructuresincludetwoaspectsofstaticstructureanddynamicalone,andbothofthemcollaborativelyrealizetheopticsperformanceunderthedifferentapplicationconditions.Therefore,thestructuredesignneedstocorrespondinglyconsiderstaticstiffnessandmotionreliability.Asregardsalargemechanicalstructure,especiallyusedinspecialenvironmentsuchasspaceconditions,theweight,volumeandpowerconsumptionbecomethemainfactorstobeconsidered,andsomespecialstructure,materialandtechnologyaretobeadoptedtooptimizethesystemdesign.

Figure1showstheopto-mechanicalstructureACDflow.Firstly,accordingtotheopticssystemrequirements,aconceptofstructuredesignisputforwardandpreliminarycalculationiscarriedout.Then,avirtualprototypeofthewholestructureisbuilt,includingallparts,allcomponentsandoverallassembly.Finally,afterthegeometrydimensionsandmaterialsareset,thecharacterparametersandstructurerationalitycanbetestedandmodifiedinturn.Togetherwiththedynamicalperformancesimulationbasedonvirtualmotionmodel,wecanfullycheckthefeasibilityofthedesignprojectanddecidewhetherornottochangethedesigndetailsoreventheproject.Moreover,wecaneitherimporttheCADmodelintoFEAsoftwarebyformattransformationsuchasIGES,STEP,DFX,etc.,ortransfertheCADmodeltoFEAsoftwarethroughtheinterfaceprocessingprogramprocessor.

Figure1.ThedesignprocessofopticalstructureofACD.

3.Opto-mechanicalstructureCAEanalysis

Duetothelargestructureandhighprecisioninalarge-scaleopticalinstrument,itisnecessarytoevaluatethedesignbyfiniteelementanalysismethod,includingstructureanalysis,thermalanalysisandopticalanalysis.Inordertorealizetheintegrateddesignandsystemoptimization,collaborativesimulationandanalysismustcoverthewholeprocessincludingprojectselection,structuredesign,motionsimulation,thermaldesign,assemblyanalysisandmachiningprocess.Generally,thestepsofFEAmethodconsistofsolidmodeling,generatingmeshes,settingconditions,solvingandpost-processing.Thestructurestaticsanalysisisintendedforresearchintothestructureresponseshownbystrainandstress.Foralarge-scalestructure,thegravityeffectmustbeconsidered,whichusuallyinducestheelasticdeformation,especiallyseriousinspaceenvironment.Thedynamicsanalysismainlyresolvesthevibrationmodeandgainsthedynamicrigidity.Inotherwords,thestructureweaknessaswellastheresistingfracturecapabilitycanbefoundthroughthevibrationmodeanalysis.Conduction,convectionandradiationasthreeheattransfermodeswidelyexistinlarge-scaleinstruments,includingsteadyandtransienttemperaturefield.Throughthethermalanalysistogetthermalperformance,thethermalcontrolprojectofopticalinstrumentcanbeimplemented,whichwillguidethestructuredesigntomeettherequirementsofopticsperformance.

However,nomaterwhichprojectofthemechanicalstructureisused,itmustcentertheopticssystem,andthefinalanalysisistoimprovetheopticalperformance.Figure2givesrelationsofthevariousanalysisprocesses,whichcanberealizedbythedatainterchangeandintegrationamongdifferentsoftware.TheZernikefittingmethodisusuallyemployedtoevaluatetheopticsperformancesuchaswavefrontanalysis,transformationfunction,andsoon.InFigure3,anexampleofourpriorFEAonalarge-scaleopto-mechanicalstructureisshown.

Figure.2.RelationsamongdifferentFEAprocesses.

4.PDMinformationintegration

PDMastheintegratedplatformbridgesthedesignandanalysisprocess,andsharesdatabasedonthevirtualmainmodel,whichapproachestheparameterdriveandrealtimemodificationduringthewholedesign.

PDMgenerallyincludesCADmodeldata,technologyandfiledata,FEAanalysisandsimulationdata,etc.DifferentCADandCAEsubsystemsallcansharedatainformationbyPDM.Forinstance,inCIMS（computerintegratedmanufacturingsystem）basedonconcurrentengineering,PDMplaysakeyrolefordifferentsubsystemswithhighefficiency.Moreover,withthedevelopmentofnetworktechnology,PDMreliesontheCAN（controllerareanetwork）andclient-serversystemstructurewillefficientlybuildthecollaborativeandintegratedworkenvironment,includingprojectdesign,systemsimulationandanalysis,productmanagementoverthewholelifecycle,andevenalltheproductionandserviceprocessinthemarket.Figure4showsPDMapplicationinopticalinstrumentdesignandanalysis.

Fig.3.FEAprocessofaprismassembly.

Fig.4.DesignandsimulationbasedonPDMsystem.

5.Adesignexampleofalarge-scaleopticalstructure

WedevelopaFizeauinterferometerwitha360mmclearaperturebytheintegrateddesignmethod.Figure5showsthedesignandoptimizationflowofthereferencemirrorandmountingstructureintheinterferometer.WeuseWindchillPDMLinktosolvethedistributedproductdatamanagementproblem,includingfilemanagement,modeldatamanagement,informationsavingandopening.CADandCAEsoftwareincludeopticsdesignsoftwareofCODEV,2Dand3DdesignsoftwareofAutoCADandPro/Engineer,FEAsoftwareofAnsys,calculationsoftwareofMatlab,etc.

Fig.5.Anexampleofdesignprocess:

integrateddesignofreferencemirrorstructureoftheFizeau.

InFigure5thearrowsshowthedataflowbetweendifferentdesignmodules.Firstly,thevirtualmodeloftheopticalinstrumentisconceptuallydesignedbyPro/EngineeringandCODEV.Thenthefiniteelementmethodistakenforthestaticanddynamicalanalys