新课标高考英语阅读理解和短文改错选练7Word格式文档下载.docx

新课标高考英语阅读理解和短文改错选练7Word格式文档下载.docx

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tonlyfood.Itwasalsousedinceremoniesorinheaddressesandnecklaces.BythetimetheEuropeansarrivedinAmerica，popcornhadspreadthroughmostoftheAmericanIndians.

SomeearlyAmericansettlersatepopcornwithcreamandsugarforbreakfast.Butitwasn'

tuntilthelate1800sthatpopcornbecamepopular.Thedemandforpopcornincreasedandfarmersbeganfarmingpopcorn.Thefirstmobilepoppingmachinewasinventedin1885，andpopcornwassoldbystreetsellersmuchlikehotdogsaresoldtoday.

DuringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s，thepopcornbusinessstillthrivedaspeoplecouldstillaffordit.Theninthe1950stelevisionarrivedandpopcornconsumptiondecreased.Peoplestayedhomeandstoppedgoingtothetheatre.Butthelinkbetweenmoviesandpopcornhadalreadyexisted.Soonpeoplebeganmakingpopcornathomeonthestove.Later，microwavepopcornwasintroduced.

Todaythemovieshaveregainedpopularityandpopcornhasonceagainbecomethefavorite.

【语篇导读】　没有温热香甜的爆米花，电影似乎也会失去味道吧。

那么，关于爆米花你又了解多少呢？

1．Popcornwasfirstplantedin______.

A．ChinaB．America

C．IndiaD．Mexico

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句可知答案。

答案　D

2．Whydoesthecornkernelpopwhenheated?

A．Becauseitiscoveredwithsoftstarch.

B．Becausethepressureinsideistoobig.

C．Becausethestarchbecomesbiggerinsize.

D．Becausethereiswaterinsidethekernel.

根据第二段第二、三两句可知，玉米粒内的水并不能直接导致它炸开，而是水蒸气产生的压力作用于四周坚硬的内核上，造成它爆炸。

故答案选B。

答案　B

3．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.

A．popcornbegantobefarmedinthelate1800s

B．popcornwasonlyakindoffoodinthe1500s

C．hotdogsusedtobesoldbystreetsellers

D．peoplestoppedgoingtothemovieswithoutpopcorn

根据第四段第二、三两句可知，是在19世纪末期，随着人们对爆米花需求的增长，农民们才开始种植这种玉米。

答案　A

4．Theunderlinedword“thrived”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans“______”．

A．startedtobepopular

B．wasseriouslyaffected

C．sufferedalot

D．developedverywell

解析　词义猜测题。

根据上文的still以及下文的aspeoplecouldstillaffordit可推断出，这里指即使是在经济大萧条时期，因为爆米花仍然是人们买得起的食品，所以爆米花产业仍然发展得很好。

【阅读理解】

HousedinMilan,oneofEurope'

sdirtiestcities,LeonardodaVinci'

smasterpieceTheLastSupperstillfacesathreatfromairpollution,researcherssay,despitepreventativemeasuresthathavesignificantlydecreasedpollutantsinthechurchwherethefamouspaintingisondisplay.

In2009,Italianauthoritiesinstalledaheating,ventilation（通风）andairconditioningsystemtoprotectthepaintingfromMilan'

spollutedair.Toseewhetherthesystemcouldimproveairquality,ateamofresearchersledbyConstantinosSioutas,aprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineeringattheUniversityof

SouthernCalifornia,placedtwoairqu

alitymonitorsinsidethechurchforayeartocollectsamplesfromaroundpainting.Resultsshowedthelevelsoffineandcoarseparticulateswerereducednearthepaintingby88percentand94percent,respectively,comparedwiththecorrespondingoutdoorlevels.“It'

saspectacularreduction，”Sioutassaidinastatement.“Itis,frankly,veryimpressive.”

AlthoughtheresearchersapplaudedthesuccessfuldecreaseinparticulatesarounddaVinci'

spainting,theywarnedthatindoorsourcesofpollutionmaystillposeathreattothepricelesspainting.Fattylipids（油脂）fromtheskinofcustomersinthechurchappearedinsignificantquantitiesaroundthepainting,despitethefactthatvisitorsgettingaccesstotheartworkarestrictlyregulated.

Onlyafewvisitorsareallowedinsidethechurchatatime,andtheyenterthebuildingandcanstayforonly15minuteseach.However,fattylipidsfromvisitors'

skincancombinewithdustintheairandpollutethepaintingiftheycomeincontactwithit,saysstudyresearcherNancyDaheroftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.

Evenpreviousrestorationsofthepaintingmaypolluteitssurface,Dahersaid.Tinyparticulatesofthewaxappliedduringearlyrepaireffortscanbeemittedfromthepainting,getintotheairandtarnish（使失去光泽）thepaintinginthesamemannerasthefattylipids

.

Theresearchersnotedthattheirairsampleanalysiscouldbeusedasapointofreferenceforfuturestudiesaimedatprotectingvaluableartwor

kandartefacts.

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“particulates”inParagraph2probablymean?

A．Thesmallestpartsofachemicalsubstance.

B．Thingsdirtierthanusual.

C．Certaintypesofgas.

D．Extremelysmallpiecesofdirt,whichcauseseriouspollution.

2．Accordingtothetext,thefollowingfactorspollutethepaintingEXCEPT________．

A．fattylipidsfromtheskinB．tinyparticlesofthewax

C．breathofthevisitorsD．dustintheair

3．Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofthei

rairsampleanalysis?

A.Theairsampleanalysiswasgotbygatheringairinthechurchforayear.

B．Theairsampleanalysisshowedthatthepaintingwascompletelyawayfromairpollution.

C．Theairsampleanalysiscanbehelpfulforfuturestudiesprotectingvaluableartwork.

D．TheairsampleanalysisshowedthattheparticulatesarounddaVinci'

spaintingweredecreasedsuccessfully.

4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A．Howtodecreaselevelsofparticulateseffectively

B．Thefamouspainting—daVinci'

sTheLastSupper

C．KeepingairpollutionfromdamagingdaVinci'

D．Howtoprotectartworkinhouseholds

【要点综述】保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达·

芬奇名画《最后的晚餐》受到空气污染的影响。

虽采取了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隐患。

1．D　词义猜测题。

综合分析文章及该词所在句子，可推知该词意为“颗粒（污染）物”。

2．C　细节理解题。

根据文章信息可知，对名画《最后的晚餐》带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。

3．B　细节理解题。

从文章第一、二段可知，虽然教堂室内环境大为改善，但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。

4．C　主旨大意题。

综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍如何保护达·

芬奇的名画《最后的晚餐》免受污染物的影响，故C项为标题最佳。

【由安徽省合肥市2014高考模拟题改编】

ScientistsinUKhavegrownalivinghuman"

brain"

.TheteamatAstonUniversitycreatedtinybunchofcellswhichactlikeamininervoussystem.

TheybelieveitcouldhelpfindacureforworsementalconditionslikeParkinson’sdisease.ProfessorMichaelColemanisleadingtheresearchprogram.Heexplained,"

Weareaimingtobeabletostudythehumanbrainatthemostbasiclevel,usinganactuallivinghumancellsystem.Cellshavetobealiveandoperatingefficientlytoenableustoreallyunderstandhowthebrainworks."

Theexperimentinvolveschangingcellsfromacancertumour（肿瘤）andmakingthembehavelikebraincells.

Althoughfarfromfinished,researchershopethefalsebraincellswillgivethemagreaterunderstandingofhowrealbrainswork.This,inturn,couldsignificantlyfurtherresearchintoconditionswhichaffectthebrain.NeilHunt,chiefleaderoftheresearchgroup,said,"

Itisstillveryearlydays,butinthefuturetheresearchcouldleadtoausefultoolforlookingintodementia（痴呆）."

ThetechniquecouldalsoprovideawaytocarryonanimaltestandisbeingsupportedbytheHumaneResearchTrust（HRT）.Thescientistspredictthatoverthenexttenyearsamillionpeoplewilldevelopdementia.ProfessorColemanbelievestheirfindingscouldchangethis.Hesaid，"

Wehopeourresearchwillprovidescientistswithanewandhighlyrelationalhumanexperimentalmodeltohelpthemunderstandthebrainbetteranddevelopnewdrugstocontroltherelateddisease.However,thebiggestchallengeatpresentisthatwearegreatlyshortoffund,whichwillslowourresearch."

1.UKscientistsgrowalivinghuman"

inorderto______.

A.studythestructureofhumanbrainB.makeuseoflivinghumancellsystem

C.discoverhowhumanbrainreallyworksD.separatecellsfromacancertumour

2.AccordingtoNeilHunt,researchintobraincells______.

A.willgetfinishedasearlyaspossibleB.willmakepeoplediscoverdementia

C.willaffectthebraingrowthinmanyways

D.willhelptotreatsomediseasesinnervesystem

3.Fromthelastparagraph，wecanknowthat______

A.thetechniqueprovidedbyHRTisimmature

B.animaltestsarenolongerallowedbylaw

C.amillionpeoplesufferfrombraindiseases

D.theresearchprogramlacksfinancialsupport

4.Thetextisintendedto______.

A.tellusaboutabreakthroughinmedicalresearch

B.introducearesearchprograminhuman'

sbrain

C.introducetheprogressofdrugsfordementia

D.tellusabouthealthprobleminnervesystem

【参考答案】1—4、CDDB

阅读理解。

Inthefallof1985.Iwasabright-eyedgirlheadingofftoHowardUniversity,aimingatalegalcareeranddreamingofsittingonaSupremeCourtbenchsomewhere.Twenty-oneyearslaterIamlaterIamstillabright-eyeddreamerandonewithquiteadifferenttaletotell.

Mygrandma,anamazingwoman,graduatedfromcollegeantheageof65.Shewasthefirstinourfamilytorea

chthatgoal.ButoneyearafterIstartedcollege,shedevelopedcancer.Imadethechoicetowithdrawfromcollegetocareforher.Itmeantthatschoolandmypersonaldreamwouldhavetowait.

ThenIgotmarriedwithanotherdream:

buildingmyfamilywithacombinationofadoptandbiologicalchild