计网实验IP and TCP Protocoal Analysis with WireSharkWord下载.docx

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inminutes

Task

Difficulty(1—5)

Learning(1—5)

Interest(1—5)

Time(min)

background

Task1

Task2

Task3

Yoursuggestion/comment:

Background

Youneedtoreadandanswerthequestionsinthisbackgroundpartbeforethelab、

ReadLecturesonIPandICMPprotocols、ReadLecturesonTCPprotocol、

Question1:

InIPheader,thereisafieldcalled“protocol(type)”、Whatisitusedfor?

用来规范数据传输方法,使不同电脑之间可以通信

Question2:

HowanICMPmessageistransported(encapsulation)?

ICMP信息封装在IP报文当中。

Question3:

WhichICMPmessagesareusedtoimplementthePingprogram?

Echorequestandechoresponse。

Ping使用type8requests与type0replies。

Question4:

Useafiguretoshowthe3-wayhandshaketoestablishaconnectionintheTCPprotocol、

第一次握手:

主机A发送位码为syn=1,随机产生seqnumber=1234567的数据包到服务器,主机B由SYN=1知道,A要求建立联机;

第二次握手:

主机B收到请求后要确认联机信息,向A发送acknumber=(主机A的seq+1),syn=1,ack=1,随机产生seq=7654321的包第三次握手:

主机A收到后检查acknumber就是否正确,即第一次发送的seqnumber+1,以及位码ack就是否为1,若正确,主机A会再发送acknumber=(主机B的seq+1),ack=1,主机B收到后确认seq值与ack=1则连接建立成功。

完成三次握手,主机A与主机B开始传送数据

Traceroute(tracert)isanimportantandusefulutilitytoolfornetworktestinganddebugging、Readmoreonitandlearnhowtouseit:

∙MSWindowstracertcommand,、microsoft、com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/tracert、mspx?

mfr=true

Task1StudyWindowstracertprogramandhowtofindaroute

InMSWindows,tracertcanbeusedtofindaroutefromthesourcehost,viarouters,todestinationhost、Thistaskisabouthowtracertworksandhowwecanuseitfor、Followthestepstostartuptheprogramsandcapturethepackets、

(1) 

Startupacommandwindow

ClickStartontheleftcornerofyourdesktop,andchooseRun、ThentypecmdtostartupaDOScommandwindow、Inthiswindow,youcanalsotypecommand"

tracert/?

"

tolearnmoreonthecommand,orreadmoreviathelinkabove、

(2)StartuptheWireSharkprogram

StartupWiresharkandbeginpacketcapture、

(3) 

Runthetracertprogram

Typethefollowingcommandtofindarouteto 

、com:

 

 

tracert 

、com

(4)StoptheWireSharkcapturing

Whentracert 

ends,stopthecapturing,andsavethedatatoafile(youcanopentheanalyzethepacketslater)、

(5)Copytheoutputoftracerttothelabreportfile、

Byanalyzingtheoutput,wecanlearnaroutefromthesourcetothedestination,andhowabouttheresponsetimebetweenthesourceandintermediaterouters、

Question5:

Howmanyroutersareontheroutefromyourcomputerto、com?

WhataretheirIPaddresses?

1、192、168、156、254

2、210、32、39、250

3、60、191、32、65

4、218、75、123、233

5、61、130、127、249

6、220、191、142、49

7、115、239、209、18

8、115、239、210、27

Question6:

Basedontheoutputfromthetracert,drawthemapofthenetworksbasedontheoutput、ShowtheIPaddressesforthesourcecomputer,destinationcomputer,androuters、

Nowlookatthecaptureddata、

source:

192、168、156、57

Destination:

115、239、210、27

Routers:

(6)analyzethefirstICMPmessage

SincetracertusesICMPmessagestotracetheroutetothedestinationcomputer,youcanuse“icmpandip、addr==192、168、x、x”asthedisplayfilerinWireSharktoonlydisplayICMPmessages,where192、168、x、xshouldbeyourcomputerIPaddress、ThenselectthefirstICMPEchoRequestmessagesentbyyourcomputer,andexpandtheInternetProtocolandICMPheadersofthepacketinthepacketdetailswindow(asIdidbelow,tooviewbetter,youcanusezooming)、

Question7:

WhatisthevalueintheprotocoltypefieldofIPpacket?

Whyitisthisvalue?

WhatisthetypevalueinICMPheader?

Whatdoesitmean?

HowmanybytesarethereintheIPheader?

HowmanybytesarethereinthepayloadoftheIPpacket?

Explainhowyoudeterminedthenumberofpayloadbytes、

IP数据包的协议种类就是ICMP。

ThevalueintheprotocoltypefieldofIPpacketisICMP

(1)

ThetpyevalueinICMPheaderis1、意味着无法连接到主机Headerlength:

20bytes。

Payloadlength:

64bytes。

Question8:

HasthisIPpacketbeenfragmented?

Explainhowyoudeterminedwhetherornotthepackethasbeenfragmented、WhatistheIdentificationforthisIPpacket?

IP数据包的总长度就是92字节,payload长度就是64字节,所以没有被分成片段。

Identification:

0x66f1(26353)

Question9:

WhatistheTTLvalueforthisIPpacket?

Whythisvalueisset?

Timetoliveis3。

这个数字可以被认为就是网络系统中数据包的数字,TTL电平随着传输的距离增大会降低,当通过3个路由器后,数据被丢弃。

(7)SelectthefirstICMPTimeexceededmessage,andexpandtheIPprotocolheader(asIdidbelow)

Question10:

WhatisthesourceIPaddressofthisIPpacket?

AndwhatisthedestinationIPaddressofthispacket?

Whatisthevalueintheprotocoltypefield(inIPheader)?

sourceIPaddress:

192、168、152、57

DestinationIPaddress:

115、239、210、27

Protocoltype:

ICMP

Question11:

WhatistheICMPmessagetypecarriedinthepacket?

Whatisthesenderofthismessage?

Type8。

115、239、210、27(XX服务器)

(8) 

Readsomeothercapturedpackets,andanswerthequestions:

Question12:

WhatarethevaluesintheIdentificationfieldandtheTTLfieldintheICMPEchorequestmessages?

WhyareTTLvaluessetlikethis?

TTL:

64。

原始的TTLvalue就是由我们自己的操作系统决定的。

Task2IPfragmentation

ThistaskistolearnhowIPfragmentationandre-assemblywork、

(9) 

StarttheWireSharkpacketcapturing

(10)Inthecommandwindowrunthecommandpingtocheckif 

、com、cnisalive,sendtheICMPmessageofsize128bytes(usinglengthoption-l128):

ping 

、com、cn-l 

128

youwillgettheoutputasfollows:

(11)stopthepacketcapturingandsavethedatatoafile(my128、pcap)

Now 

readthecapturedpacketsanddotheanalysis:

(12)First,useFilter 

“icmp”todisplayonlyICMPmessages,asfollows:

Question13:

calculatetheroundtripdelaysfor4ICMPEchorequestandEchoreplymessages,findtheminimum,maximum,andaveragedelays、Comparethemwiththevaluesgivenintheoutputofthepingprogram、

相差7ms

相差5ms

相差16ms

比较之后,易得相同

Question14:

whatisthevalueintheIdentificationfieldofframe74?

Whyarethelength170byts?

1360/8=170

Nextweanalyzethefragmentation、

(13) 

(14)Inthecommandwindowrunthecommandpingtocheckif 

192、168、156、101isalive,sendtheICMPmessageofsize3000bytes(usinglengthoption-l3000):

192、168、156、101-l 

3000

(15)InthecapturedfirstICMPEchorequestmessagepacket,expandsIPprotocolheader,youwillfindIPFragmentsasIshowedbelow、ThisICMPEchorequestmessagewascarriedin3IPpackets(fragments)、Thesefragmentsarefoundinthepacketnumber71,72and73,inmyexample、

Question15:

whatisthevalueintheIdentificationfield?

Ontheline"

IPFragments(3008bytes):

、Whythepayloaddataisof3008bytes?

Nowanalyzethesefragments、Removethedisplayfilter,andlocatethepacketnumbers、

Question16:

FillinthefollowingtablebasedonIPheadersinthesefragments:

Packetnumber

IPIdentification

Morefragmentbit

Fragmentoffsetinbytes

Fragmentoffsetin8-bytes

Headlength

Totallength

129791

0x1454

Notset

2960

370

20

68

129898

0x145f

129998

0x1465

Question17:

HowdoyouknowifanIPfragmentisthefirstfragment,andanIPfragmentisthelastfragment?

IfthevalueofFragmentoffsetis0andmorefragmentissetto1,itmeansthatthisIPfragmentisthefirstfragment、Ifmorefragmentissetto0,itmeansthatthisIPfragmentisthelastfragment、

Task3TCPoperations

Inthistask,youwillcapturepacketsfromHTTPapplication、Followthestepstocapturepackets、

(16) 

Terminateyourwebbrowserprogram、

(17) 

StarttheWireSharktocapturethepackets、

(18) 

Fillintheaddresshttp:

//、edu、cnandclickthelinktoviewsomepages、

(19) 

Endthepacketcapturing,andsavethedatatoafile(myhdu1、pcap)、

(20) 

Use“httpandip、addr==192、168、159、52”asthefiltertoonlydisplaytheHTTPdataunit,

Question18:

WhatistheIPaddressforyourcomputer,andwhatistheIPaddressfor、edu、cn?

我的电脑IP:

192、168、1、106 

杭电IP:

111、1、61、73

Next,youonlyneedtoreadandanalyzethedatacommunicationsbetweenyourcomputerand、edu、cn、

(19)3-wayhandshaketosetupaTCPconnection、

Use“tcpandip、addr==192、168、159、52”asthedisplayfilter(asshownbelow),andfindthe3TCPsegmentsthatperformtheconnectionsetup、

Question19:

Whatareportnumbersfor、edu、cnandyourwebbrowserapplications?

Question20:

whatarethe3packetnumbersforco

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