大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案文档格式.docx

大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案文档格式.docx

《大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案文档格式.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

3、我们自己应当......

PartIwriting（30minutes）

PartIIReadingComprehension（Skimmingandscanning）（15minutes）

Supersizesurprise

Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit/yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate（促成）suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40years 

or 

so.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.

1. 

Notenoughsleep

Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?

Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.

It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:

sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.

Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.

2. 

Climatecontrol

Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic（新陈代新的）rate,shivering 

sweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.

Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures（环境温度）havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningsrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.

Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?

Sadly，thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.

3.Lesssmoking

Badnews:

smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneisnsurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.

KatherineFlegalandcolleagresattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenrespousibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaroud1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.

4.Geneticeffects

Yourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.childrenofboesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobestthemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwo 

threegenerations.Grand-childrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.

5.Alittleolder…

Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.surveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatistiesfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectreum:

Mexican-americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.

IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.

6.maturemums

Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,themeanageforavingafristchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfristbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.

Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitwere’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.

MichaelSymondsattheuniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bronchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbronsaccountforagreathershareofthepopulation.In1964,britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;

by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.intheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechile;

in2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.

7.Likemarryinglike

Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers-particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren-itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.

1.A）effectsofobesityonpeople’shealth

B）thelinkbetweenlifestyleanobesity

C）Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic

D）possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic

2.A）gainedtheleastweight

B）wereinclinedtoeatless

C）foundtheirvigorenhanced

D）werelesssusceptibletoillness

3.A）itmakesussleepy

B）itcausessleeploss

C）itincreasesourappetite

D）itresultsfromlackofsleep

4.A）itmakesusstayindoorsmore

B）itacceleratesourmetabolicrate

C）itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic

D）itcontributestoourweightgain

5.A）itthreatenstheirhealth

B）itheightenstheirspirits

C）itsuppressestheirappetite

D）itslowsdowntheirmetabolism

6.A）heavysmokers

B）passivesmokers

C）thosewhoneversmoke

D）thosewhoquitsmoking

7.A）thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople

B）therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation

C）theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods

D）theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople

8.accordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremainsnotentirelyclear

9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseoffamilysize

10whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityispartygenetiz

PartIII

SectionA

11.A）Heisquiteeasytorecognize

B）heisanoutstandingspeaker

C）helookslikeamoviestar

D）helooksyoungforhisage

12.A）consultherdancingteacher

B）takeamoreinterestingclass

C）continueherdancingclass

D）improveherdancingskills

13.A）themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaid

B）themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospital

C）thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjury

D）thewomanmaynotfollowedthedoctor’sinstructions

14.A）theyarenotinstyleanymore

B）theyhavecosthimfartoomuch

C）theynolongersuithiseyesight

D）theyshouldbecleanedregularly

15.A）hespilledhisdrinkontothefloor

B）hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloor

C）hewascaughtinashoweronhiswayhome

D）herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephone

16.A）fixingsomefurniture

B）repairingthetoytrain

C）readingtheinstructions

D）assemblingthebookcase

17.A）urgeJennytospendmoretimeonstudy

B）helpJennytoprepareforthecomingexams

C）acttowardsJennyinamoresensibleway、

D）sendJennytoavolleyballtrainingcenter

18.A）Thebuildingofthedamneedsalargebudget

B）theproposedsiteisneartheresidentialarea

C）thelocalpeoplefelinsecureaboutthedam

D）thedamposesathreattothelocalenvironment

Question19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard

19A.Itsawtheendofitsboomingyearsworl