船舶专业英语Word格式.docx
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13Shipyard,Organization,Layout59
14Planning,FromContracttoWorkingPlans62
15LinesPlanandFairing,FabricationandAssembly64
16LaunchingandOutfitting68
17SeaTrials70
18MarineEngines73
LessonOne
TheNavalArchitect
Anavalarchitectaskedtodesignashipmayreceivehisinstructionsinaformrangingfromsuchsimplerequirementsas“anoiltankertocarry100000tonsdeadweightat15knots”toafullydetailedspecificationofpreciselyplannedrequirements.Heisusuallyrequiredtoprepareadesignforavesselthatmustcarryacertainweightofcargo(ornumberofpassengers)ataspecifiedspeedwithparticularreferencetotraderequirement;
high-densitycargoes,suchasmachinery,requirelittleholdcapacity,whilethereverseistrueforlow-densitycargoes,suchasgrain.
Deadweightisdefinedasweightofcargoplusfuelandconsumablestores,andlightweightastheweightofthehull,includingmachineryandequipment.Thedesignermustchoosedimensionssuchthatthedisplacementofthevesselisequaltothesumofthedeadweightandthelightweighttonnages.Thefinenessofthehullmustbeappropriatetothespeed.Thedraft------whichisgovernedbyfreeboardrules------enablesthedepthtobedeterminedtoafirstapproximation.
Afterselectingtentativevaluesoflength,breadth,depth,draft,anddisplacement,thedesignermustachieveaweightbalance.Hemustalsoselectamomentbalancebecausecentresofgravityinbothlongitudinalandverticaldirectionsmustprovidesatisfactorytrimandstability.Additionally,hemustestimatetheshafthorsepowerrequiredforthespecifiedspeed;
thisdeterminestheweightofmachinery.Thestrengthofthehullmustbeadequatefortheserviceintended,detailedscantlings(framedimensionsandplatethicknesses)canbeobtainedfromtherulesoftheclassificationsociety.Thesescantingsdeterminetherequisiteweightofhullsteel.
Thevesselshouldpossesssatisfactorysteeringcharacteristics,freedomfromtroublesomevibration,andshouldcomplywiththemanyvariedrequirementsofinternationalregulations.Possessinganattractiveappearance,theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoronwhichharbourandotherduesarebased.(Thegrosstonnagerepresentsthevolumeofallclosed-inspacesabovetheinnerbottom.Thenettonnageisthegrosstonnageminuscertaindeductiblespacesthatdonotproducerevenue.Nettonnagecanthereforeberegardedasameasureoftheearningcapacityoftheship,henceitsuseasabasisforharbouranddockingcharges.)Passengervesselsmustsatisfyastandardofbulkheadsubdivisionthatwillensureadequatestabilityunderspecifiedconditionsifthehullispiercedaccidentallyorthroughcollision.
Compromiseplaysaconsiderablepartinproducingasatisfactorydesign.Anavalarchitectmustbeamasterofapproximations.Iftherequireddesigncloselyresemblesthatofashipalreadybuiltforwhichfullinformationisavailable,thedesignercancalculatetheeffectsofdifferencesbetweenthisshipandtheprojectedship.If,however,thisinformationisnotavailable,hemustfirstproducecoefficientsbaseduponexperienceand,afterrefiningthem,checktheresultsbycalculation.
Training
Therearefourmajorrequirementsforagoodnavalarchitect.Thefirstisaclearunderstandingofthefundamentalprinciplesofappliedscience,particularlythoseaspectsofsciencethathavedirectapplicationtoships------mathematics,physics,mechanics,fluidmechanics,materials,structuralstrength,stability,resistance,andpropulsion.Thesecondisadetailedknowledgeofpastandpresentpracticeinshipbuilding.Thethirdispersonalexperienceofacceptedmethodsinthedesign,construction,andoperationofships;
andthefourth,andperhapsmostimportant,isanaptitudefortacklingnewtechnicalproblemsandofdevisingpracticalsolutions.
Theprofessionaltrainingofnavalarchitectsdifferswidelyinthevariousmaritimecountries.Unimanyuniversitiesandpolytechnicschools;
suchacademictrainingmustbesupplementedbypracticalexperienceinashipyard.
Trendsindesign
Theintroductionofcalculatingmachinesandcomputershasfacilitatedthecomplexcalculationsrequiredinnavalarchitectureandhasalsointroducednewconceptsindesign.Therearemanycombinationsoflength,breadth,anddraftthatwillgivearequireddisplacement.Electroniccomputersmakeitpossibletoprepareseriesofdesignsforavesseltooperateinaparticularserviceandtoassesstheeconomicreturnstotheshipownerforeachseparatedesign.Suchaprocedureisbestcarriedoutasajointexercisebyownerandbuilder.Asshipsincreaseinsizeandcost,suchcombinedtechnicalandeconomicstudiescanbeexpectedtobecomemorecommon.
(From“EncyclopediaBritannica”,Vol.16)
Technicalterms
1.navalarchitect造船工程(设计)师
navalarchitecture造船(工程)学
2.instruction任务书、指导书
3.oiltanker油轮
4.deadweight载重量
5.knot节
6.specification规格书,设计任务书
7.vessel船舶
8.cargo货物
9.passenger旅客
10.trade贸易
11.machinery机械、机器
12.holdcapacity舱容
13.consumablestore消耗物品
14.lightweight轻载重量、空船重量
15.hull船体
16.dimension尺度、量纲、维(数)
17.displacement排水量、位移、置换
18.tonnage吨位
19.fineness纤瘦度
20.draft吃水
21.breadth船宽
22.freeboard干舷
23.rule规范
24.tentative试用(暂行)的
25.longitudinaldirection纵向
26.verticaldirection垂向
27.trim纵倾
28.stability稳性
29.shafthorsepower轴马力
30.strength强度
31.service航区、服务
32.scantling结构(件)尺寸
33.frame肋骨
34.classificationsociety船级社
35.steering操舵、驾驶
36.vibration振动
37.netregistertonnage净登记吨位
38.harbour港口
39.dues税收
40.grosstonnage总吨位
41.deductiblespace扣除空间
42.revenue收入
43.docking进坞
44.charge费用、电荷
45.bulkhead舱壁
46.subdivision分舱(隔)、细分
47.collision碰撞
48.compromise折衷、调和
49.coefficient系数
50.training培训
51.fluidmechanics流体力学
52.structuralstrength结构强度
53.resistance阻力
54.propulsion推进
55.shipbuilding造船
56.aptitude(特殊)才能,适应性
57.maritime航运,海运
58.polytechnicalschool工艺(科技)学校
59.academic学术的
60.shipyard造船厂
61.electroniccomputer电子计算机
62.owner船主,物主
63.encyclop(a)edia百科全书
AdditionalTermsandExpressions
1.theChineseSocietyofNavalArchitectureandMarineEngineering(CSNAME)中国造船工程学会
2.theChineseSocietyofNavigation中国航海学会
3.“ShipbuildingofChina”中国造船
4.ShipEngineering船舶工程
5.“Naval安定MerchantShips”舰船知识
6.ChinaStateShipbuildingCorporation(CSSC)中国船舶工业总公司
7.ChinaoffshorePlatformEngineeringCorporation(COPECO)中国海洋石油平台工程公司
8.RoyalInstitutionofNavalArchitects(RINA)英国皇家造船工程师学会
9.SocietyofNavalArchitectsandMarineEngineers(SNAME)美国造船师与轮机工程师协会
10.Principleofnavalarchitecture造船原理
11.shipstatics(orstaticsofnavalarchitecture)造船静力学
12.shipdynamics船舶动力学
13.shipresistanceandpropulsion船舶阻力和推进
14.shiprollingandpitching船舶摇摆
15.shipmanoeuvrability船舶操纵性
16.shipconstruction船舶结构
17.shipstructuralmechanics船舶结构力学
18.shipstrengthandstructuraldesign船舶强度和结构设计
19.shipdesign船舶设计
20.shipbuildingtechnology造船工艺
21.marine(orocean)engineering海洋工程
NotetotheText
1.rangefromAtoB的意思为“从A到B的范围内”,翻译时,根据这个基本意思可以按汉语习惯译成中文。
例:
Lathesizesrangefromverylittlelatheswiththelengthofthebedinseveralinchestoverylargeonesturningaworkmanyfeetinlength.
车床有大有小,小的车床其车身只有几英寸,大的车床能车削数英尺长的工件。
2.Suchthat可以认为是suchakind/value等的缩写,意思为“这样的类别/值等……以至于……”。
译成中文是,可根据具体情况加以意译。
Thedepthofthechainlockerissuchthatthecableiseasilystowed.
锚链舱的深度应该使锚链容易存储。
Possessinganattractiveappearance,theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoronwhichharbourandoyherduesarebased.
3.Possessinganattractiveappearance现在分词短语,用作表示条件的状语,意译成“船舶除有一个漂亮的外形……”。
一般说,如分词短语谓语句首,通常表示时间、条件、原因等。
Thefactoronwhich…arebased中的thefactor是前面theminimumnetregistertonnage的铜谓语,而onwhich…arebased是定语从句,修饰thefactor。
4.Electroniccomputersmakeitpossibletoprepareseriesiddesignsforavesseltooperateinaparticularserviceandtoassesstheeconomicreturnstotheshipownerforeachseparatedesign.
句中的it是形式宾语,实际宾语为不定式短语toprepareseriesofdesigns…和toassesstheeconomicreturns…
LessonTwo
Definitions,PrincipalDimensions
Beforestudyingindetailthevarioustechnicalbranchesofnavalarchitectureitisimportanttodefinechapters.Thepurposeofthischapteristoexplainthesetermsandtofamiliarisethereaderwiththem.Inthefirstplacethedimensionsbywhichthesizeofashipismeasuredwillbeconsidered;
theyarereferredtoas‘principaldimensions’.Theship,likeanysolidbody,requiresthreedimensionstodefineitssize,andthesearealength,abreadthandadepth.Eachofthesewillbeconsideredinturn.
Principaldimensions
Length
Therearevariouswaysofdefiningthelengthofaship,butfirstthelengthbetweenperpendicularswillbeconsidered.Thelengthbetweenperpendicularsisthedistancemeasuredparalleltothebaseatthelevelofthesummerloadwaterlinefromtheafterperpendiculartotheforwardperpendicular.Theafterperpendicularistakenastheaftersideoftherudderpostwherethereissuchapost,andtheforwardperpendicularistheverticallinedrawnthroughtheintersectionofthestemwithsummerloadwaterline.Inshipswherethereisnorudderposttheafterperpendicula