Modern Western Literary Theories汇总.docx

Modern Western Literary Theories汇总.docx

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ModernWesternLiteraryTheories汇总

ModernWesternLiteraryTheories&Criticism

Part1Introduction

Concepts:

Criticism:

      Thereasoneddiscussionofliteraryworks,anactivitywhichmayincludesomeorallofthefollowingprocedures,invaryingproportions:

thedefenseofliteratureagainstmoralistsandcensors,classificationofaworkaccordingtoitsgenre,interpretationofitsmeaning,analysisofitsstructureandstyle,judgmentofitsworthbycomparisonwithotherworks,estimationofitslikelyeffectonreaders,andtheestablishmentofgeneralprinciplesbywhichliteraryworkscanbeevaluatedandunderstood.（OxfordconciseDictionaryofLiteraryTerms）

LiteraryTheory

       literarytheoryis“speculativediscourseonliteratureandonpracticeofliterature.”Itmayincludereflectionsonoranalysisofgeneralprinciplesandcategoriesofliterature,suchasitsnatureandfunction;itsrelationtootheraspectsofculture;thepurpose,proceduresandvalidityofliterarycriticism;relationofliterarytexttotheirauthorsandhistoricalcontexts;ortheproductionofliterarymeaning.（ZhuGang）

Modern:

historicalperiodfromRenaissanceto20thcentury

20thcentury

Western:

Geographicalmeaning:

EuropeandAmerica

Culturalmeaning:

Culturalcommunityofdevelopcapitalismcountries,especiallybasedonChristiantradition.

Conclusion:

            ModernwesternliterarytheoryandcriticismarereasonedactivitiesofdiscussionaboutliteratureinWesternworldin20thcentury.

Approaches,schoolsandgroups

ScientismApproaches

RussianFormalism

Anglo-AmericanNewCriticism

CzechStructuralism

FrenchStructuralism

PostStructuralism

HumanismApproaches

Existentialism

PsychoanalysisCriticism

PhenomenologicalCriticism

HermeneuticsCriticism

Reader-ResponseCriticism

FeminismCriticism

HistoricalApproaches

MarxistCriticism

NewHistoricism

CulturalStudies

Post-ColonialCriticism

Characters:

Theorized:

almostalloftheschoolsofcriticismhavetheirparticulartheory.

Adaptingtheoriesorprinciplesfromtheirdisciplines.

Understandingliteratureintermsofitsrelationstohistory,politicsgender,socialclass,race,mythologyorpsychology.

Criticaltendency:

manyschoolsofcriticismseektoinfluenceonthesocialrealitywithintheirhistoricalcontext.

ReferencesandFurtherreading:

HandbookofcriticalApproachestoLiterature（ThirdEdition）,Wilfred.L.Guerin（ed）.

LiteraryTheoryfromPlatotoBarthes:

AnIntroductoryHistory,Richard.Harland,外语教学与研究出版社。

TwentiethCenturyWesternCriticalTheories,ZhuGang,上海外语教育出版社。

SelectiveReadingsin20thCenturyWesternCriticalTheory,张中载，王逢振、赵国新编，外语教学与研究出版社。

Literarytheory,JonathanCuller,OxfordUniversityPress,1997.

AReader’sGuidetoContemporaryLiteraryTheory,RomanSelden,HarvesterWheatsheaf,1989.

Part2TheNewCriticism

Times:

     Therearefourperiods:

theinitiative（1910-1930）,theformative（1930-1945）,thedominant（1945-1957）,andnormalization（1960stothepresent）.IfwetakeT.E.Hume,aBritishaesthetician,orAmericanpoetEzraPoundastheinitiatoroftheNewCriticism,thenthisschoolstartedinthe1910s.ButtheNewCriticismroseformallyinthe1930swhensomecriticsestablishedtheirtheoryinAmerica,anditbecamedominantcriticismsystemincollegeanduniversityEnglishdepartmentsinthe1950s.

Members:

Founders:

I.A.Richards（1883--1981）

T.S.Eliot（1888--1965）

W.Empson.（1906--1984）

Masters:

JohnCroweRansom（1888--1974）

AllenTate（1888--1979）

RobertPennWarren（1905--）

CleanthBrooks（1906--1994）

W.K.Wimsatt（1907--1975）

ReneWellek（1903--1995）

Works:

I.ARichards:

PrinciplesofLiteraryCriticism（1924）

PracticalCriticism:

AsturdyofLiteraryJudgment.（1929）

T.S.Eliot:

TraditionandtheIndividualTalent.（1917）

WilliamEmpson:

SevenTypesofAmbiguity（1930）

JohnCroweRansom:

Poetry:

ANoteinOntology.（1934）

TheNewCriticism（1941）

Works:

AllenTate:

TensioninPoetry（1938）

CleanthBrooks:

TheLanguageofParadox（1942）

TheWell-wroughtUrn.（1947）

UnderstandingPoetry.（1938,withRobertPennWarren）

Understandingfiction.（1943,withRobertPennWarren）

UnderstandingDrama（1945,withRobertB.Heilman）

Works:

W.K.Wimsatt:

TheVerbalIcon（1954）

TheIntentionalFallacy（1946,withM.C.Beardsley）

TheAffectivefallacy（1949,withM.C.Beardsley）

R.Wellek:

TheoryofLiterature（1949,withAustinWarren）

HistoryofModernCriticism1750-1950（1986）

Ideas:

  TheNewCriticsreadtheindividualworkofliteraryartasanorganicform.Theyarticulatedtheconceptthatinanorganicformthereisaconsistencyandaninternalvitalitythatweshouldlookforandappreciate.

  OneofthemostsalientconsiderationsoftheNewCriticswasemphasisonform,ontheworkofartasanobject.

TheNewCriticssoughtprecisionandstructuraltightnessintheliterarywork;theyfavoredastyleandtonethattende