学位英语复习题答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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ssurface.Forinstance,43wasperhapsthelargesteruptionoccurredin1883whentheIndonesiavolcanoKrakatoaexploded.Thefollowingyearwas(44)inEuropeasthe"
yearwithoutsummer"
becausethe(45)wassocoolandrainy.
Whilethereis(46)scientificagreementthatvolcaniceruptioncanleadtocooling,(47)ofhowthishappensarenotclear.Asaresult,scientistscannot(48)whetherthevolcanicactivitywhich(49)pasticeageswouldresult(50)sufficientcoolingtocauseaglacialperiod.Similarly,itisnotpossibleforscientiststopredicttheclimateeffectofafuturevolcaniceruptionwithanyconfidence.
36.A.theoriesB.inventionsC.judgmentsD.discoveries
37.A.causeB.courseC.meansD.case
38.A.petroleumB.ashC.flameD.garbage
39.A.relationB.instanceC.momentD.altitude
40.A.scattersB.releasesC.constitutesD.absorbs
41.A.carriesB.convertsC.reflectsD.gathers
42.A.coolB.warmC.freezeD.heat
43.A.suchB.whatC.thereD.that
44.A.knownB.reportedC.markedD.testified
45.A.airB.temperatureC.skyD.weather
46.A.committedB.optimisticC.generalD.absolute
47.A.indexesB.predictionsC.detailsD.decisions
48.A.analyzeB.determineC.assureD.assume
49.A.confrontedB.promotedC.proceedD.preceded
50.A.inB.fromC.toD.with
Reading
PassageOne
Weuseemotivelanguagetoexpressourownattitudesandfeelings.Wealsodirectemotivelanguageatotherpeopletopersuadethemtobelieveaswedoortodoaswewantthemtodo;
and,ofcourse,otherpeopledirectemotivelanguageatustogetustobelieveortodowhattheywant.
Wearesubjectedtoaconstantstreamofpersuasiondayin,dayout,athomeandinschool,ontheradioandontelevision.Itcomesfromparentsandteachers,frompreachersandpoliticians,fromeditorsandcommentators,but,mostofall,ofcourse,fromadvertisers.Mostofthispersuasionisexpressedinemotivelanguageandisintendedtoappealtoourfeelingsratherthantobeweighedupbyourpowersofreasoning.
Weshouldlookatthemotivesbehindallthispersuasion.Whydotheywanttopersuadeus?
Whatdotheywantustodo?
Wearenotthinkingveryclearlyunlesswetrytoseethroughtheveilofwordsandrealizesomethingofthespeaker'
spurpose.
Anappealtoemotionisinitselfneithergoodorbad.Ouremotionsexistandtheyarepartofourpersonality.Onsomeoccasionspeopleappealtoouremotionsonthehighestlevelsandfromthebestofmotives.AcaseinpointisChurchill'
swartimespeeches:
whateverpeoplethoughtofChurchillasapolitician,theywereunitedbehindhimwhenhespokeasnationalleaderinthosedarkdays---theirfeelingsrespondedtohiscallforresolutionandunity.
Itisacharacteristicofsocialgroupsthatthemembershaveafeelingofpersonalattachmenttothegroup---tothefamilyinearliestchildhoodandextendinglatertotheschool,theteam,thechurch,thenation,inpatternsthatvaryfromtimetotime.Henceaspeakerfromourgroupwillfindinusfeelingstowhichhecanreadilyandgenuinelyappeal,whetherourreactionisfavorableornot.Weareatleastopentotheappealandweappreciatethecontextinwhichitismade.
1.Themajorfunctionsofemotivelanguagediscussedinthepassageareto-.
A.extendourpowersofreasoningandcarryoutapurpose
B.advertiseandproducethewantedsocialeffects
C.showone'
sfeelingsandappealtothoseofothers
D.makeothersbelieveinusandrespondtoourfeelings
2.Itissuggestedinthethirdparagraphofthispassagethatwe-.
Ashouldkeepacoolheadwhensubjectedtopersuasionofvariouskinds
Bneedtojudgewhetherapersuasionismadeforgoodorbad
C.havetocarefullyuseouremotivelanguage
D.shouldavoidbeingeasilyseenthroughbyanappealfromothers
3.Thesourcefromwhichemotivelanguageflowsuponusinitsgreatestamountis-.
A.themassmediaB.theeducationalinstitutions
C.thereligiouscirclesD.theadvertisingbusiness
4.Churchillismentionedinthepassageas-'
A.anexampleofhowpeopleweigheduppersuasionwithreasoning
B.anationalleaderwhobroughtoutpeople'
sbestfeelings
C.apositiveexampleofappealingtopeople'
smotion
D.apoliticianwhohasbeenknownasagoodspeaker
5.WhatisNOTmentionedasrelevanttoouremotionsinthispassage?
A.SocialcontextB.Personalexperience
C.ThepersonalityofnationalleadersD.Religiousbelief
6.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapersuasivespeakermust.
A.findoutwhatgrouphisaudienceisattachedto
B.varyhisspeechpatternsfromtimetotime
C.knowhowtoadapthiswayofspeakingtotheneedsoftheaudience
D.beawarewhetherthelistenersarefavorabletohisopinionornot
PassageTwo
Asgoodsandservicesimproved,peoplewerepersuadedtospendtheirmoneyonchangingfromoldtonew,andfoundthechangeworththeexpenses.Whenanairlineequippeditselfwithjets,forexample,itscosts(andthereforeairfare)wouldgoup,butthenewplanesmeantsuchanimprovementthatthehighercostwasjustified.Anewcar(orwireless,washingmachine,electrickettle)madelifesomuchmorecomfortablethantheoldonethatthehighcostofreplacementwasfullyrepaid.Manufacturersstillcrytheirwaresaspersuasivelyasever,butaretheimprovementsreallyworthpayingfor?
Inmanyfieldsthingshavenowreachedsuchahighstandardofperformancethatfurtherprogressisverylimitedandveryexpensive.Airlines,forexample,gotoenormousexpenseinbuyingthelatestprestigejets,inwhichvastresearchcostshavebeenspentonrelativelysmallimprovements.Ifwescrapthesevastcostswemightlosethechanceofcuttingminutesawayfromflyingtimes,butwouldn'
titbebettertoseeairfaresdropdramatically,ascapitalcostsbecomerelativelyinsignificant?
Again,inthecontextofa70mphlimit,withplatoonsofcarstravelingsodenselyastocontroleachother'
sspeeds,improvementsinperformancearevirtuallyirrelevant;
improvementsinhandlingareunnecessary,asmostproductioncarsgriptheroadperfectly;
andcomforthasnowreachedaveryhighlevelindeed.Smallimprovementshereareunlikelytobeworththethousandsthatanybodyreplacinganordinaryfamilycareverytwoyearsmayultimatelyhavespentonthem.Letusinsteadhavecars---orwireless,electrickettles,washingmachines,televisionsets---whicharemadetolast,andnottobereplaced.Significantprogressisobviouslyagoodthing;
buttheinsignificantprogressionfrommodel-changetomodel-changeisnot.
7.Theauthorobviouslyischallengingthesocialnormthat-.
A.itis.importanttoimprovegoodsandservices
B.developmentoftechnologymakesourlifemorecomfortable
C.itisreasonablethatpricesaregoingupallthetime
D.slightlymodifiednewproductsareworthbuying
8.Accordingtothispassage,airfaresmayrisebecause-'
Apeopletendtotravelbynewairplanes
B.theairplanehasbeenimproved
C.thechangeisfoundtobereasonable
D.theserviceontheairplaneisbetterthanbefore
9.Accordingtotheauthor,passengerswouldbehappierifthey-'
A.couldflyinthelatestmodelofreputableplanes
B.couldgetticketsatmuchlowerprices
C.seetheairlinesmakevitalchangesintheirservices
D.couldspendlesstimeflyingintheair
10.Whenmanufacturershaveimprovedtheperformanceoftheirproductstoacertainlevel,then
itwouldbe_..
A.justifiedforthemtocuttheprice
B.unnecessaryforthemtomakeanynewchanges
C.difficultandcostlytofurtherbetterthem
D.insignificantforthemtocutdowntheresearchcosts
11.Inthecaseofcars,theauthorurgesthatwe-.
A.cancelthespeedlimitB.furtherimprovetheperformance
C.improvethedurabilityD.changemodelseverytwoyears
12.Theauthor'
scriticismisprobablybasedonthefactthat-.
A.wehavebeenpersuadedtoliveanextravagantlifetoday
B.manyproductswebuyturnouttobesubstandardorinferior
C.inflationisbecomingabigproblemintheworldtoday
D.peoplearewastingtheirmoneyontrivialtechnologicalprogress
PassageThree
Recentstudiesonthemale-femalewagegappredictthateventhoughentrysalariesformalesandfemalesinthesameoccupationarenearlyequalbecausewomen'
smarketskillshaveimprovedvastly,thechancesoftheoverallgapclosingintheforeseeablefutureareminimal.Thisisduetoseveralfactorsthatarelikelytochangeveryslowly,ifatall.Animportantreasonisthatwomenareconcentratedinoccupations---serviceandclerical---thatpaylessthantraditionalmalejobs.Itispossiblethatmorewomenthanmenintheirtwentiesarehesitanttocommitthemselvestoayear-round,lifetimecareerorjobformanyreasonsThereislingeringattitudeonboththepartofwomenandtheiremployersthatwomenarenotcutoutforcertainjobs.Notonlydoesthisattitudechann