国际经济学作业答案第六章Word文档下载推荐.docx
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(c)risesastheaveragefirmgrowslarger.
(d)fallsastheaveragefirmgrowslarger.
D
3.Externaleconomiesofscale
(a)maybeassociatedwithaperfectlycompetitiveindustry.
(b)cannotbeassociatedwithaperfectlycompetitiveindustry.
(c)tendstoresultinonehugemonopoly.
(d)tendstoresultinlargeprofitsforeachfirm.
A
4.Internaleconomiesofscale
(c)areassociatedonlywithsophisticatedproductssuchasaircraft.
(d)cannotformthebasisforinternationaltrade.
5.Amonopolisticfirm
(a)cansellasmuchasitwantsforanypriceitdeterminesinthemarket.
(b)cannotdeterminetheprice,whichisdeterminedbyconsumerdemand.
(c)willneversellaproductwhosedemandisinelasticatthequantitysold.
(d)cannotselladditionalquantityunlessitraisesthepriceoneachunit.
C
6.Monopolisticcompetitionisassociatedwith
(a)cut-throatpricecompetition.
(b)productdifferentiation.
(c)explicitconsiderationatfirmlevelofthefeedbackeffectsofotherfirms’pricingdecisions.
(d)highprofitmargins.
7.Themostcommonmarketstructureis
(a)perfectcompetition.
(b)monopolisticcompetition.
(c)small-groupoligopoly.
(d)perfectlyverticalintegration.
8.Modelingtradeinmonopolisticindustriesisproblematicbecause
(a)thereisnoonegenerallyacceptedmodelofoligopolybehavior.
(b)therearenomodelsofoligopolybehavior.
(c)itisdifficulttofindanoligopolyintherealworld.
(d)collusionamongoligopolistsmakesusabledatarare.
9.Wherethereareeconomiesofscale,thescaleofproductionpossibleinacountryisconstrainedby
(a)thesizeofthecountry.
(b)thesizeofthetradingpartner’scountry.
(c)thesizeofthedomesticmarket.
(d)thesizeofthedomesticplustheforeignmarket.
10.Wherethereareeconomiesofscale,anincreaseinthesizeofthemarketwill
(a)increasethenumberoffirmsandraisethepriceperunit.
(b)decreasethenumberoffirmsandraisethepriceperunit.
(c)increasethenumberoffirmsandlowerthepriceperunit.
(d)decreasethenumberoffirmsandlowerthepriceperunit.
11.ThesimultaneousexportandimportofwidgetsbytheUnitedStatesisanexampleof
(a)increasingreturnstoscale.
(b)imperfectcompetition.
(c)intra-industrytrade.
(d)inter-industrytrade.
12.Ifoutputmorethandoubleswhenallinputsaredoubled,productionissaidtooccurunderconditionsof
13.Intra-industrytradecanbeexplainedinpartby
(a)transportationcostswithinandbetweencountries.
(b)problemsofdataaggregationandcategorization.
(c)increasingreturnstoscale.
(d)Alloftheabove.
14.Ifsomeindustriesexhibitinternal(firmspecific)increasingreturnstoscaleineachcountry,weshouldnotexpecttosee
(a)intra-industrytradebetweencountries.
(b)perfectcompetitionintheseindustries.
(c)inter-industrytradebetweencountries.
(d)highlevelsofspecializationinbothcountries.
15.Intra-industrytradeismostcommoninthetradepatternsof
(a)developingcountriesofAsiaandAfrica.
(b)industrialcountriesofWesternEurope.
(c)allcountries.
(d)North-Southtrade.
16.Internationaltradebasedonscaleeconomiesislikelytobeassociatedwith
(a)Ricardiancomparativeadvantage.
(b)comparativeadvantageassociatedwithHeckscher-Ohlinfactor-proportions.
(c)comparativeadvantagebasedonqualityandservice.
(d)comparativeadvantagebasedondiminishingreturns.
E
17.Internationaltradebasedonexternalscaleeconomiesinbothcountriesislikelytobecarriedout
bya
(a)relativelylargenumberofpricecompetingfirms.
(b)relativelysmallnumberofpricecompetingfirms.
(c)relativelysmallnumberofcompetingoligopolists.
(d)monopolyfirmsineachcountry/industry.
18.Internationaltradebasedsolelyoninternalscaleeconomiesinbothcountriesislikelytobecarriedoutbya
19.Amonopolyfirmengagedininternationaltradewill
(a)equateaveragetolocalcosts.
(b)equatemarginalcostswithforeignmarginalrevenues.
(c)equatemarginalcostswiththehighestpricethemarketwillbear.
(d)equatemarginalcostswithmarginalrevenuesinbothdomesticandinforeignmarkets.
20.Amonopolyfirmwillmaximizeprofitsby
(a)chargingthesamepriceindomesticandinforeignmarkets.
(b)producingwherethemarginalrevenueishigherinforeignmarkets.
(c)producingwherethemarginalrevenueishigherinthedomesticmarket.
(d)equatingthemarginalrevenuesindomesticandforeignmarkets.
21.Afirminmonopolisticcompetition
(a)earnspositivemonopolyprofitsbecauseeachsellsadifferentiatedproduct.
(b)earnspositiveoligopolyprofitsbecauseeachfirmsellsadifferentiatedproduct.
(c)earnszeroeconomicprofitsbecauseitisinperfectlyorpurecompetition.
(d)earnszeroeconomicprofitsbecauseoffreeentry.
22.Thelargerthenumberoffirmsinamonopolisticcompetitionsituation,
(a)thelargerarethatcountry’sexports.
(b)thehigheristhepricecharged.
(c)thefewervarietiesaresold.
(d)theloweristhepricecharged.
23.Themonopolisticcompetitionmodelisoneinwhichthereis/are
(a)amonopoly.
(b)perfectcompetition.
(c)economiesofscale.
(d)governmentinterventioninthemarket.
24.Inindustriesinwhichtherearescaleeconomies,thevarietyofgoodsthatacountrycanproduceisconstrainedby
(a)thesizeofthelaborforce.
(b)anti-trustlegislation.
(c)thesizeofthemarket.
(d)thefixedcost.
25.Anindustryischaracterizedbyscaleeconomies,andexistsintwocountries.Shouldthesetwocountriesengageintradesuchthatthecombinedmarketissuppliedbyonecountry’sindustry,then
(a)consumersinbothcountrieswouldsufferhigherpricesandfewervarieties.
(b)consumersintheimportingcountrywouldsufferhigherpricesandfewervarieties.
(c)consumersintheexportingcountrywouldsufferhigherpricesandfewervarieties.
(d)consumersinbothcountrieswouldenjoyfewervarietiesavailablebutlowerprices.
26.Anindustryischaracterizedbyscaleeconomiesandexistsintwocountries.Inorderforconsumersofitsproductstoenjoybothlowerpricesandmorevarietyofchoice,
(a)eachcountry’smarginalcostmustequalthatoftheothercountry.
(b)themarginalcostofthisindustrymustequalmarginalrevenueintheother.
(c)themonopolymustlowerpricesinordertosellmore.
(d)thetwocountriesmustengageininternationaltradeonewiththeother.
27.Aproductisproducedinamonopolisticallycompetitiveindustrywithscaleeconomies.Ifthisindustryexistsintwocountries,andthesetwocountriesengageintradeonewiththeother,thenwewouldexpect
(a)thecountryinwhichthepriceoftheproductislowerwillexporttheproduct.
(b)thecountrywitharelativeabundanceofthefactorofproductioninwhichproductionoftheproductisintensivewillexportthisproduct.
(c)eachofthecountrieswillexportdifferentvarietiesoftheproducttotheother.
(d)neithercountrywillexportthisproductsincethereisnocomparativeadvantage.
28.Thereasonwhyonecountrymayexportaproductwhichisproducedwithpositivescale
economiesis
(a)itslaborproductivitywilltendtobehigher.
(b)itenjoysarelativeabundanceofthefactorintenselyusedintheproduct’sproduction.
(c)itsdemandisbiasedinfavoroftheproduct.
(d)itsdemandisbiasedagainsttheproduct.
29.Twocountriesengagedintradeinproductswithnoscaleeconomies,producedunderconditionsofperfectcompetition,arelikelytobeengagedin
(a)monopolisticcompetition.
(b)inter-industrytrade.
(d)Heckscher-Ohlintrade.
30.Twocountriesengagedintradeinproductswithscaleeconomies,producedunderconditionsofmonopolisticcompetition,arelikelytobeengagedin
(a