考研英语终极命题人思路讲解讲义二Word文件下载.docx

考研英语终极命题人思路讲解讲义二Word文件下载.docx

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［B］violentpeoplehaveastrongdesiretobehappy

［C］seriousartisoftencontradictorywithhappiness

［D］musicisenjoyedbygoodandbadpeoplealike

例4.Whatweforget-whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting-isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today，surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness，weneedsomeonetotellusthatitisOKnottobehappy，thatsadnessmakeshappinessdeeper.AsthewineconnoisseurmovieSidewaystellsus，itisthekissofdecayandNoir.Weneedarttotellus，asreligiononcedid，thatyouwilldie，thateverythingends，andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette，yet，somehow，isabreathoffreshair.

32.Accordingtothelastparagraph，theauthormentionsthemoviesidewaystoshowthat

［A］Happinesscanbefoundthroughpainsandefforts.

［B］Happinesscomeswheneverythingdies.

［C］Happinessmakessadnessdeeper.

［D］Happinessisnotagoodthing.

例5.Teachingwasneverawaytogetrich，butitwaslongconsideredasolidandrespectablemiddle-classoccupation.Overthepastfewdecades，though，policymakershavechippedawayattheeconomicandmoralstatusofeducators.TheReaganadministrationlaidthegroundworkwithitsseminal1983report“ANationatRisk”.Amongitsrecommendationsare“morerigorousandmeasurablestandards”forstudentsandan“effectiveevaluationsystem”forteachers.

1.The“ANationatRisk”reportismentionedtoshowthat.

［A］policieshavebecomeharshonteachers

［B］itslong-lastingeffectontheeducationalsystem

［C］teachingusedtobeawidelyrespectedcareer

［D］teachingneedspragmaticassessingmechanism

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart，likepaintingandmusic，arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward，moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless，phonyor，worstofall，boring，aswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.

34.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire，theauthorintendstoshowthat.

［A］poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic

［B］artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings

［C］poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness

［D］artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest

例7.Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep，dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams，awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago，Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears；

bythelate1970s，neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat，regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol，tohelpussleepandfeelbetter，“It’syourdream，”saysRosalindCartwright，chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit，changeit.”

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM（rapideyemovement）sleep—whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake，saysDr，EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved；

thelimbicsystem（the“emotionalbrain”）isespeciallyactive，whiletheprefrontalcortex（thecenterofintellectandreasoning）isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed，andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday.”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

35.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem，theauthorintendstoshow.

［A］itsfunctioninourdreams

［B］themechanismofREMsleep

［C］therelationofdreamstoemotion

［D］itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

例8.Science，inpractice，dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?

Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?

Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthe

questionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens，themoonandtheplanets.

36.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat.

［A］inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperiments

［B］scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesareconducted

［C］scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearch

［D］unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearch

例9.RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks，yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”

37.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?

［A］Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.

［B］Torevealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants.

［C］Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.

［D］ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.

例10.Someadvertisersthinkthereisanadvantageinacknowledgingconsumers’scepticism.AnadforFirstBank，ofColorado，showedanewleathersofaandtelevisioninthemiddleofasquare，withalargesignsaying:

“Free”.Peoplestrolledby，ignoringthebounty.Avoice-overasks:

“Whatif‘free’reallyjustmeant‘free’?

”Asecondmethodistodrownthescepticismwithhumour:

adepressingnumberofbrandsnowadaysrelyonchirpytalkinganimals.Athirdisto

disarmitwithhonesty.In2009Dominoslaunchedacampaignfeaturingconsumerstalkingabouthowawfulitspizzashadbeenforthepast50years.Thenthereisdo-goodery:

innumerablebrandsarguethatthebestwaytosavetheplanetorhelpthepooristobuytheirproducts.

38.WhatdoestheadforFirstBankillustrate?

［A］Peopleusuallytendtoneglectthebountyoffree.

［B］Skepticismcanbedrownwithhumormethod.

［C］Honestyplaysanimportantroletodisarmskepticism.

［D］Advertiserswouldbenefitfromtheadmittingconsumers'

disbelief.

例11.Ifthathappens，passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts，puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchhijackedmediacase，thecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful，andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor，forexample，alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign，whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.

39.ToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof

［A］respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

［B］persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

［C］cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

［D］takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

例12.Allsortsoffirmsarechangingtheirinputsandprocessesanddesigningproductsthatsparetheenvironment，whilehelpingsuppliersdothesame.IKEA，aSwedishretailer，willhaveinvestedorcommittedtoinvest€1.5billion（$1.7billion）inwindandsolarpowerbytheendof2015，andthefirmanditscharitablefoundationhavejustpledgedafurther€1billiontodevelopingrenewableenergyandtohelpingpeopleinplacesaffectedbyclimatechange.Firmssaythatbesidessavingsfromgreaterenergyefficiencytheygainlessquantifiablebenefitsfromanenhancedreputation，amotivatedworkforceandthelike.Butbig，disruptiveinvestmentsinnewenergysourcesorindustrialtechniquesmaytakeyearstojustifytheircosts，iftheyeverdo.Isgreenerypayingoff?

TheIKEACompanyismentionedtoshowthat

［A］itiscrucialtoinvestindisruptiveandmotivatedworkforce.

［B］thecompanycanearnmuchfromtheenhancedreputation.

［C］thefirmshavemadetheirproducingmethodmoresustainable.

［D］itishardtotellthegreeneryispayingoffornotinyearstocome.

例13.Butmoredeathsnowhappeninintensive-careunitsundercloserlegalandprofessionaloversight，makingdoctorsmorecautiousabouttestingthelimitsofwhatisallowed.Andmodernmedicinemeansthatdyingismuchmoreoftenprolonged.ThecaseofKarenAnnQuinlanin1976thrusttheissuesintothespotlight.Theparentsoftheyoungwoman，whofellintoacomaafterdrinkingandtakingValiumataparty，hadtogotocourttoforceherdoctorstotakeheroffaventilator.